"Bulava" (rocket) izici. Intercontinental missile ballistic "Bulava"

"Mace" - ingenye ngentuthuko entsha ye rocket yasekhaya. Namanje ihlolwa lunga impahla. Ezinye zazo kuhlulekile, okwabangela eziningi ukugxekwa kusuka kuzazi. Kuphephile ukusho ukuthi "Bulava" - rocket, okuyinto izici ahlukile ngempela, futhi yilokho kanye uyofunda kulesi sihloko. Kuwufanele benaka yokuthi esiqinile-fuel missile ballistic yakhelwe ukuze kuhlaliswe ngwenya yenuzi ( "Shark" uhlobo).

Umlando sokudalwa

"Bulava" lavuna ukuthuthukiswa nangomcibisholo ballistic ngo-1998. Ngaleso sikhathi, iposi we Russian Federation Navy kwaba uVladimir Kuroyedov, abasungula le ithuluzi "Egxolweni" injongo zamasu. Isakhiwo lalungiselela% 70 kuphela, futhi ukuhlolwa yayo zehlulekile. Ngemva kwalokho, le Russian Federation Council wanquma ukudlulisela ukuthuthukiswa entsha InterContinental missile ballistic Institute idolobha Technology Thermal, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi le yokugcina engekho ngokuphelele kulokho okwenzeka ukudala izikhali ezinjalo. Ngo-June 2009, it kwenziwa ukuhlolwa zayo zokuqala "Bulava" nangomcibisholo, okuyinto waphumelela. Ngemva kwalokho, kwanqunywa ukuba uqalise ukukhiqizwa serial izingxenye avuthiwe kakhulu emincane nemikhulu. Ngakho, ekupheleni 2012, Anatoly Serdyukov wathi kweminsalo idatha efakiwe ukungenela inkonzo yezempi Russian ngo-Okthoba 2012. Kusukela ngo-January 2014, senziwa rocket mayelana 46, mayelana 14 zazo ezaqaliswa phakathi novivinyo.

izilingo okuqhubekayo

Kuze kube manje, i-oda kwenziwe ukuhlolwa 20,% 55 kuphela aba yimpumelelo. Ukwethulwa wokuqala missile "Bulava" (nobukhulu layout) kwenziwa Septhemba 23, 2004. Owesibili, angabizwa ngokuthi kweqiniso kuqala, senziwa Septhemba 25, 2005. Khona-ke ama-missile InterContinental "Bulava" lifinyelele ngempumelelo umgomo walo walishaya. Ukwethulwa lwesithathu kusukela isikhundla kwamanzi kanye ngwenya yenuzi 'Dmitry Donskoy "kwenziwa ngo-Okthoba 2005. Target phezu Kura ukuhlolwa ububanzi eNhlonhlweni eKamchatka, wamshaya ngempumelelo. Okuningi ukuhlola elandelayo ayiqinisekile. Injini wenqaba zokugcina ketshezi rocket sigaba, baphambukile Yiqiniso wawa, self-destructed nje banal. Izindaba ezinhle wukuthi iziphetho ezifanele futhi ilungiswe izingxenye ezithile senziwe inkambo ngezilingo akuphumelelanga. Ngenxa yalokho, 9 last 10 ukuhlolwa yimpumelelo, futhi kuba yi kwakukuhle kakhulu. Manje ake sibheke elinye iphuzu ezithakazelisayo.

Missile "Bulava": Izici

Lesi sakhiwo inama izici ezilandelayo:

• Ububanzi - 8000 amakhilomitha.
• Isisindo (ukuziqalela) - amathani 36,8.
• Phonsa (isethwe) isisindo - 1150 AmaKh.
• Ubude / ububanzi we ibhokisana lokugcina itiye noma ikhofi kwethulwa - 12.1 / 2.1 amamitha.
• I ububanzi we esigabeni sokuqala - 2.0 amamitha.

Missile "Bulava", izimfanelo oye osanda kuzwa, has izigaba ezintathu. Amabili okuqinile-wabunjwa kuqala, kanti owokugcina uyoba ngo - ketshezi. owokuqala injini esiteji isisindo imayelana 18.5 amathani nge ubude 3.6 amamitha. Ngesikhathi sigaba idatha wesibili awuzange ludaluliwe kuze kube manje. Ngaphambi ekuqaleni 2014 kwakungaziwa ukuthi indlela yokwenza esigabeni sesithathu. Namuhla, singasho kugcwale umlomo ukuthi uketshezi. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe esiphezulu ikhuluma izinto emabangeni yokugcina indiza. Le missile ukubunjwa yayo okuthwala amayunithi mayelana 10 zenuzi, ngasinye okuyinto luyalawuleka. Kuyinto cishe yonke idatha, aziwa kuze kube manje.

Izinguquko zakamuva ku eziyinkimbinkimbi

Kwatholakala ukuthi eziyinkimbinkimbi kuyoba indlela ekhethekile ukuba banqobe ama-missile ukuzivikela. Kodwa kungaba uhlelo ongakabi wachaza. Mhlawumbe kuzoba ilitshe zamanga, noma enamathela ekhethekile eyenza iyunithi engabonakali radar. Le datha top-secret ukuthi ngeke wachazela. Endaweni ehlukile, kumele amagama ambalwa wathi missile "Bulava", izimfanelo okuyinto esixoxe kakade, iye kancane olwesimanje kule iminyaka embalwa yokugcina yombhalo ukuthuthukiswa. Ikakhulukazi, isimiso lashintsha yokuzalanisa amayunithi zenuzi. Uma ngaphambili rocket okukhipha iyunithi phezu kwelitshe ke kabusha (zihlakazeke) kubo, manje zisebenzisa isimiso 'samagrebhisi ", noma" esikoleni ngebhasi "- US amagama. Njengoba "Topol-M" futhi "Bulava" ithuthukiswe ngesisekelo efanayo (eMoscow Institute of Technology Thermal), kanye nokunemba eziyinkimbinkimbi lokuqala mikhulu, singasho ngokuqiniseka okukhulu kuya kahle eliphezulu InterContinental missile ballistic "Bulava". Kodwa, njengoba kukhona izinguqulo ezihlukene - "Bulava-30", "Bulava-M", kunzima ukusho lutho mayelana nokunemba nezinye izici eziyinkimbinkimbi olulodwa.

Izinga "Bulava" missile

missile Ballistic cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi indiza yakhe kuyinto unmanageable. electronics Igibelile iqukethe uhlelo inquma isivinini kanye trajectory of the indiza namanje esigabeni asebenzayo. Ngemva injini sivaliwe, uhamba missile ku trajectory ballistic hhayi elawulwa kusuka ngaphandle. Singasho ukuthi ijubane ballistic missile medium and iDemo lebanga cishe ezifanayo. Kodwa njengoba sibhekene i missile InterContinental ballistic, kulesi simo, izinga lisetudlwana futhi imayelana 5-6 amakhilomitha ngehora. idatha Esinembile lakhe lingeke ladalulwa ngenxa yokuthi akwaziwa kuze kube manje. Nokho, singasho ukuthi ngesikhathi ukuhlola yaphawula ukuthi rocket imizuzu 14 landizela 5500 amakhilomitha. Kule singenza isiphetho elula ukuthi nangomcibisholo yesibili izimpukane amakhilomitha angaba 6-7. Singasho ukuthi ijubane missile "Bulava" ngempela umxhwele, Nokho, ngokusho kwemibiko eminingi, US izakhiwo ezinjalo Kuthi ngokushesha.

kancane ukugxeka

Njengoba kuphawulwe ngenhla, ngenxa iphesenti eliphansi ukuhlolwa ngempumelelo nangomcibisholo ballistic "Bulava" ngabhekana ukugxekwa, hhayi kuphela kusukela izazi yasekhaya. Ngakho, amaMelika bathi lokhu eziyinkimbinkimbi cishe sasiyikhulu namashumi amaphesenti siyafana we rocket "Poseidon-C3". Nokho, lona wamuva wayesenze amaphutha kusasetshenziswa njengenhlangano yisikhathi. Kodwa ngenxa yokuthi kukhona okuqinile-fuel izinhlelo ezimbili kuphela, kanti ububanzi esiphezulu kuphela ezinhlanu namakhulu isigamu amakhilomitha. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ochwepheshe abaningi bathi esikhundleni okusamanzi ezicitshwayo ulwandle ezisekelwe kunemifuziselo ezifana "Bulava" ngeke kuphela ukwehlisa lungaba ekulondolozeni izikhali zenuzi. Kodwa Ngokusho kukaSolomoni (Umklami Chief), ukunciphisa Inkokhelo ngenxa ukusinda anda yezikhali ezicitshwayo.

Olunye uvivinyo ukuhlolwa

Ochwepheshe abaningi ngokuvamile baye wagxeka eziyinkimbinkimbi. Lokhu kwakubangelwa yokuthi kwethulwa "Bulava" missile e-45% amacala akuphumelelanga. Nakuba ulwazi ngempela impikiswano, njengoba kokuhlolwa kaningana yimpumelelo kancane, nakuba saba kuka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, cishe u-90% ukuqalisa akuphumelelanga benziwa ngaphezulu ukuthuthukiswa esebenzayo. Kodwa lapho ama-missile yasungulwa, ukuthi-10 siqala eyodwa kuphela wazibonakalisa akuphumelelanga. Lezi zinombolo zibonisa okuphambene - ukuthi nangomcibisholo ballistic "Bulava" okuthembekile kakhulu, uma singakubeka kanjalo. Yuri Solomonov ubeke amazwana mayelana inani elikhulu ukwehluleka phakathi ukuhlolwa. Wathi ukholelwa ngokuqinile ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukuba ukubikezela. Iqiniso lokuthi zonke izinqubo okuholela ukulahlwa, kudlule endaweni yesibili yokuhlukanisa. Futhi ukucacisa ngesimo ngasinye sazo MIT wayeqhubela inqwaba izivivinyo ezibizayo, okuyinto kwagcina kuholele ekubeni umkhuba omuhle.

Okuncane izici eziyinkimbinkimbi

Njengoba sekuphawuliwe kakade lisetudlwana missile InterContinental ballistic "Bulava" uhlukile efana nayo. Lena ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yokuthi ezimweni ukulwa ezicitshwayo uyakwazi withstanding umlilo laser izibhamu. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi emthambekeni isiqalo ikuvumela ukuba uqale "fly", ie lapho zishayela ngwenya yenuzi. Lokhu kuzokhulisa nezimo of the complex iyonke. Phela, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi ngemva uchungechunge ngezilingo akuphumelelanga uSolomoni usesulile umqondisi-jikelele we-MIT, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo kwaba umklami jikelele eyinkimbinkimbi. Futhi manje ake sixoxe ngalokho, ngalokho yini engathathwa ngokuthi InterContinental missile ballistic "Bulava" zizosetshenziswa

yokuhlala eziyinkimbinkimbi

Njengoba lokhu sidalwe njengoba eziyinkimbinkimbi umkhumbi rocket nangomcibisholo, kunengqondo ukuphetha ngokuthi indawo avelele yokuhlala - ngwenya yenuzi. Strategic ngwenya Cruisers ngcono iphrojekthi "Shark", isibonelo, "Dmitry Donskoy" futhi "Arkhangelsk", usuvele unayo arsenal zabo lokhu eziyinkimbinkimbi. Phela, kulesi sihloko, zikhona izithombe, lapho eziyinkimbinkimbi uzoqala kusukela Premier League okwamanje kubukeka pretty umxhwele, "Bulava" (isithombe). Missile nayo efakwe izinjongo "Boreas". Phakathi kwabo, "Yury Dolgoruky", "u-Alexander saseNevsky" nabanye. Ekupheleni kuka-2020 sihlelwe ukwakha ngwenya mayelana 8, 3 okuyizinto iphrojekthi "Shark" futhi 5 - I-"Boreas". On ezambiwa ngamunye 16 missile "Bulava".

isiphetho

Ngakho sibuyekeze nawe izici oyinhloko 'Bulava "eziyinkimbinkimbi (isithombe), missile njengoba ungabona, kubukeka olubabazeka kakhulu, futhi ukuhlolwa yamuva zibonisa kahle yaso ephezulu. Noma kunjalo, igama enhle kunzima ngempela. Kodwa nansi ukuqinisa amandla we ngwenya Russian angafakaza kuye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umthamo encishisiwe eyinkimbinkimbi kungenxa ukunemba anda. Abagxeki abaningi abazange acabangele aphikelele rocket uma ziqhathaniswa analogue. Ukumelana izici elimazayo kudlalwa cishe indima ebalulekile phakathi ukuziphatha impi.