Umthwebuli Henri Cartier-Bresson: A Biography, ukuphila, nobuciko kanye amaqiniso athakazelisayo

Iphayona of photojournalism kwaba photographer French Henri Cartier-Bresson. yobuciko wakhe omnyama nomhlophe ezibhekwa imisebenzi yobuciko weqiniso, yena waba umsunguli "Umgwaqo" ofanelekayo photoskill isitayela. Lokhu ungungoti ngokuphawulekayo ibhizinisi iye yaklonyeliswa izibonelelo eminingi nezindondo. Cartier-Bresson, ogama biography nje ohlwitha izithombe wakhe bengazizwa ulungise lezi osaziwayo: Jean Genet, Koko Shanel, Marilyn Monroe, Igorya Stravinskogo, uPablo Picasso, nabanye.

Cartier-Bresson wazalwa eFrance, ngo-August 22, 1908 edolobheni usithe Shantlu, eduze neParis lapho Seine emfuleni futhi Marne uhlangane. Baqamba igama lakhe ngokuthi behlonipha kumkhulu wakhe ohlangothini zoyise. umndeni kayise waba ibhizinisi ukwenziwa ukotini ntambo. Ukhokho wakhe Cartier-Bresson kwaba umculi abanamakhono.

ekuqaleni komgwaqo

Lapho uHenry ngisesemncani khulu, wanikwa ikhamera ezinhle ngesikhathi (Brownie kwebhokisi). Ngosizo ubuhlakani bakhe ikusasa sihleli abangane bakhe, bekungenzeka ebamba zonke izikhathi sikhunjulwe kwentsha. Njengoba uMalume Louie (umculi abanamakhono) bathonya ezweni Cartier-Bresson. Henri bavame ukuchitha isikhathi khulula esitolo sakhe. Ngesikhathi ngiba ibhungu, waba nesithakazelo surrealism.

Fine Arts Ezemfundo

Ngemva kokuphothula esikoleni ngo-1925, Bresson sina unquma bahlanganyele ezobuciko, futhi kukhona Isitimela Cubist umdwebi Andre Lhote. Kuyinto lezi zifundo esadlala indima ebalulekile ekwakhiweni Henri njengoba photographer. ULoti wayeyindoda uthisha zilandelwe ncamashi, futhi enganikanga nethuba inkululeko yokudala, ngakho Karte- Bresson wanquma ukuya enkonzweni yezempi.

Izikhangibavakashi e yokusesha izithombe romantic

Ngaphansi kwethonya izincwadi isikhathi ngo-1930 ngu-Henri olunesisekelo umkhumbi futhi ithunyelwe kwa-Afrika. Kodwa uhambo kushabalele - Bresson abasha wagula waphathwa umkhuhlane noma wabhala inothi ukuzibulala. Kodwa izihlobo emnxusa ukuba uphindele eFrance, lapho wakwazi zidlule Rehab kanye alulame. Ngaleso sikhathi, uHenry bazinza Marseille. Isikhathi esining impela yena azulazula ezitaladini zalelo dolobha ngekhamera ezandleni zakhe futhi ngafuna yesehlakalo Iyafaneleka izithombe zakhe ezivelele. Lapho Bresson ekugcineni walulama, ke wakwazi ukuvakashela Emazweni amaningi aseYurophu, futhi wenza ukuvakashelwa eMexico. Umngane wakhe omkhulu kwakulokhu ikhamera ozithandayo.

Umsebenzi ku photomaster US

Ngo-1934, Cartier-Bresson wahlangana umthwebuli Polish, bokusungula ngaphansi mbumbulu uDavide Seymour, kanye photographer Hungarian Robert Kappa. Lezi abaculi wathola eziningi esifana ngazo ngenhlonipho zobuciko izithombe. Ngo-1935, Bresson wanikelwa ukuza e-United States, lapho lo mbukiso yakhe ngaphambi kwemisebenzi yamandulo (e-New York) ahlelwa. Ngemva kwalokho, wizadi izonikela isithombe models omagazini fashion, kodwa Bresson akuyona kakhulu.

Ukubambisana ne cinema

Ngo-1936, umthwebuli Cartier-Bresson waphindela eFrance futhi waqala ukusebenza nge umqondisi odumile French Jean Renoir. Ngo eyodwa yala mafilimu ngokwabo Renoir Bresson wazama njengoba kumdlali. Waphinde wasiza umqondisi ukudubula nezinye opholile ukuthi zibhekene ngqo ngalezo zikhathi.

Izinyathelo kuqala photojournalism

Umsebenzi wokuqala Cartier-Bresson njengoba photojournalist yashicilelwa ngo-1937, lapho lirekhodiwe Ikhamera wokugcotshwa French masonto onke weNkosi George VI futhi Queen Elizabeth. Umthwebuli masterfully bakwazi wasithatha izifundo ukuthi zilungiselwa ekugubheni edolobheni. Ngemva kwalokho nesibongo Cartier-Bresson kwakuzwakala force okugcwele.

Marry

Ngo-1937, Bresson washada umdansi, Ratna Mohini. Akha e Paris, waba enkulu Igumbi studio, lokulala, ikhishi kanye yokugezela. Henry waqala umsebenzi njengoba photographer iphephandaba French lamaKhomanisi kanye izintatheli akubo. Zijoyine iCommunist Party of France, akazange alale lapho.

minyaka enzima yempi

Ngo-September 1939, lapho kuqala iMpi Yezwe II, Cartier-Bresson waya phambi, waba ukhoporali ebuthweni isiFulentshi (njengoba bezithombe documentary). Phakathi enye yezimpi for the photographer French sathathwa isiboshwa, lapho afike achitha khona cishe 3 iminyaka yokusebenza ngempoqo. Kabili ngesikhathi ezama ukubaleka evela ekamu, ngoba yena wajeziswa ngokuba evalelwe yedwa. Ukuphunyuka sesithathu yimpumelelo, wakwazi ukufihla kumadokhumenti kokuzihlanganisa. Waqala ukusebenza in the komhlaba futhi sibambisane ngasese namanye bezithombe.

Lapho France ekhululwa amaNazi, konke Bresson wakwazi uthwebule izithombe zabo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo wasiza ekwakheni ifilimu documentary mayelana wenkululeko yezwe kanye nokubuya amasosha French ekhaya. Le movie yathathwa e-United States. Ngemva kwalokho, amaMelika wahlela vernissage izithombe zakhe ngesikhathi Museum of Art Modern. Ngo-1947 yanyatheliswa encwadini yokuqala imisebenzi ngu Henri Cartier-Bresson.

Ihhovisi Interesting photojournalists

Ngo-1947, Cartier-Bresson, kanye nabangane bakhe Robert Kappa, uDavide Seymour, George uRodger uhlela wokuqala ejensi photojournalists ngokuthi "Magnum Izithombe". Amalungu ithimba babelwa isimo. photojournalist Young wakwazi ukuvakashela izingxenye eziningi Indonesia, iChina neNdiya. ukuqashelwa International photographer wathola ngemva kokukhanyisa umngcwabo Gandhi e-India (1948). Futhi, wakwazi ukuba liyobamba ikhamera esigabeni lokugcina Chinese Yombango ngo-1949 kanye nokuthatha kuka-e-Beijing we ukuma lamaKhomanisi. Ngo-1950, uHenry wahambela South India, lapho izithombe eduze nemizana nezikhathi ezithakazelisayo empilweni yezwe.

Ukushicilelwa incwadi ethi "The Moment Esiwujuqu"

It yanyatheliswa ngo-1952 incwadi yokuqala eenkhulwini olukhulu ngolimi lwesiNgisi. It sathathwa 126 yobuciko eyenziwe izingxenye ezihlukahlukene zomhlaba. Cartier kule ncwadi wakwazi ukubonisa umbono wakhe ku ubuciko izithombe. Umsebenzi obaluleke kunayo yonke photographer, ngokombono wakhe - ukubamba ingxenyenamba eziyinhloko sesibili uzimele.

Ngo-1955 kwaba embukisweni lokuqala umsebenzi wakhe e-France. Kwakuthinta ihlelwe Louvre. Ngaphambi kwalokhu, lapho akukaze kwenziwe nemibukiso. Umhlaba Cartier-Bresson wehlukile kakhulu. Ngo-1966, umthwebuli igxile ekumeni kanye landscape izithombe.

ISoviet Union ngemehlo inkosi izithombe

Omkhulu Cartier-Bresson wakwazi ukuvakashela eSoviet Union kabili. Ngokokuqala ngqá wafika lapha, lapho Stalin efa (1954). albhamu yokuqala "Moscow" nayo ezishicilelwe ku-Live Journal lishicilelwe ngo-1955. Lena incwadi yokuqala eWest mayelana impilo yezakhamuzi zaseSoviet kwaba ngemva kwezikhathi zokulotshwa impi. Ngokokuqala ngqá eminyakeni eminingi, abantu baseSoviet bakwazi phumani emva kweveyili ekusithekeni. Bresson uhambo eRussia, Uzbekistan, futhi Georgia.

ISoviet Union ngamandla amakhulu, umthwebuli njalo wathi ngokuqapha, sengathi sesabe ukuthi othile wayebezwile. Lapho elithuma okwesibili, uHenry Beza lapha 70s. Phambili kulesi sithombe kunesonto izithombe zabantu Cartier-Bresson sika bekulokhu: izingane nabazali, intsha dancing, ukusebenza esakhiweni. Phakathi wemisebenzi yakhe yobungcweti kukhona izithombe ukubonisa esinokuthula, le kumugqa zokubala of izitolo kanye Mausoleum ka Lenin. Umthwebuli ngobuciko wasuka uxhumano phakathi komuntu ngokoqobo.

Umdwebo amakilasi

Ngo-1967, Bresson wahlukanisa nomkakhe kuqala futhi behileleke nakwezamabhizinisi ezobuciko. Kwakubonakala kuye ukuthi ukusuka ezithombeni wathatha konke ebengingakwenza. ikhamera wakhe kufihlwe endaweni ephephile futhi ngezikhathi ezithile kuphela wamthatha sishaywe umoya.

ngokushesha uHenry waphinde washada, futhi lo mshado wayenobuhlobo Melanie indodakazi (1972) wazalwa.

Ngokwakhe okuyinhloko neze uthande ukuba izithombe, yize zizonikwa zokumhlonipha Oxford University. Wagwema izikhathi lapho lisuswa, ngezinye izikhathi ngisho wamboza ubuso bakhe. Cartier-Bresson neze ikhangiswe ngempilo yakhe yangasese.

Abafile umsunguli we photojournalism ngo-2004, ukuphila engu-96. Ngaphambi nje kokufa kwakhe, wakwazi ukuvula wamakhophi ifa layo lokufunda yayo creative nokuningi isizukulwane esisha bezithombe.

Izindlela Cartier-Bresson

Cishe njalo, inkosi wasebenza Leica ikhamera, ifakwe lens 50mm. Ngokuvamile i-chrome izindlu iyunithi yena swathes black tape ukwenza kube obunganakekile. Bresson neze usike izithombe zakho, engenzanga montages isithombe, abaningana abazange bayisebenzise le flash. Wayesebenza njengenkosi yabo kuphela ngefomethi omnyama nomhlophe, akazange afike eduze into. Into ebaluleke kakhulu kwaba ukubamba isikhathi esibalulekile. Wayekholelwa ukuthi ngisho Into ewubala nje ivele kungaba kuncike kakhulu isithombe umuntu ovamile kakhulu - a leitmotif izithombe Chic. isitayela sakhe - ngokwethembeka emgwaqweni izithombe. isithombe art womculo wakwazi uthwebule ku ifilimu eningi osaziwayo: Henri Matisse, Zhana Renuara, Alberta Kamyu nabanye.

Izincwadi master abadumile

Noma ubani oke waba ngibuka isithombe zomhlaba umthwebuli wezithombe odumile, wakwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ubuntu kakhulu kwaba Henri Cartier-Bresson. Amabhuku lokhu okuyinhloko zasakazekela kulo lonke izwe. Eyokuqala yalezi, "The Moment Esiwujuqu", kokudedelwa ngo-1952. Ngaphezu ukuphrinta wakhe lezi zincwadi:. "Muscovites", "abantu baseYurophu", "World of Henri Cartier-Bresson," "Mayelana Russia", "I-Face of Asia", "Tinkhulumiswano" Encwadini yakhe ethi "Reality acabangwayo" eqhukethe Umlando, Diaries, ema-eseyi, le photojournalist abadumile. Izincwadi Cartier-Bresson nalolu lubaluleke kakhulu ukuze ufunde izeluleko photoskill amathalente akhe amaningi wesimanje.

Amathiphu kusukela master Wabasaqalayo:

• Kuyadingeka ukuze uqondanise ngokunembile imingcele Uhlaka ucabange ngokusebenzisa isikhungo yayo, isebenzise ukwehluka.
• Photo-master akufanele ukuziqhakambisa yena ngokwakhe, umsebenzi wakhe - ukuhlala ukucasha.
• Abathwebuli kudingeka ukuhamba okuningi, ukufunda Psychology, futhi ikakhulukazi abantu.
• Kungcono ukuthenga ikhamera ezinhle kunokuba ezimbalwa yekhwalithi ephansi.
• Awu siqale sifunde isithombe izingane nentsha, basiza.
• Lokhu photographer kufanele abe ukunambitheka kwezobuciko.
• Ungenzi eziningi isibhamu, udinga ngokucacile kakhulu ukulinda isikhathi esifanele ukudubula.
• Asikho isidingo ayeke khona, sonke isikhathi kufanele silwele ukungabheki ukungafani ezinyoni.