Ubukhulu obujwayelekile bokubumba ubumba ngokusho kwe-GOST

Ikhonkrithi ye-Ceramsite yinto yokwakha yesimanje ehlobene nokukhonkolo okulula. Iveza amabhlogo nezinye izakhi ezisetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwezindonga zangaphakathi nezangaphandle zezindlu nezakhiwo zobunjiniyela ngezinhloso ezehlukene. Ibuye isetshenziselwe ukugcwalisa ama-monolithic ozimele njengezinto zokushisa ukushisa.

Ukwakhiwa nokukhiqizwa

Amabhuloki e-Claydite atholakala ngokuxuba i-claydite, i-portland samente, isihlabathi namanzi nge-vibrocompression eyomile. Ngezinye izikhathi, uma kunesidingo, engeza ama-plasticizing avunyelwe. Kuye endaweni yesicelo, ukwakheka kungahlukahluka: ukwandisa izakhiwo zokushisa ezishisayo, isihlabathi nesamente singancipha, kanti umthamo wodaka olwandisiwe ukwandisa, ukunciphisa isisindo semikhiqizo nesisindo sezinto eziqediwe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukushisa nokushisa kwezwi kuzanda.

Ubumba olunwetshiwe bubumba obusiwe obuphethwe ngokukhethekile, olubukeka njengetshe elimhlophe elinamafutha. Kuye ngendlela yokukhiqiza, ingaba nomumo owenziwe nge-angular, into enjalo ibizwa ngokuthi i-gravel yobumba. Ukukhiqizwa kwamabhuloki, i-filler ene-fraction 10-10 mm isetshenzisiwe.

Ngenxa yokuthi ubumba buyinto engabizi ngokwanele, indlu eyenziwe ngamabhuloki anjalo izokuphepha ngokwemvelo kanti izindleko eziphelele zempahla zizobe zinciphisa ukuthenga amatshe wokwakha okungaphezu kwendabuko futhi evamile (ukukhonjelwa kwe-gypsum, ukukhonjiswa kobuciko).

Izigaba

Njengokwakheka, ubukhulu bemabhuloki nobumba be-claydite bungaba buhlukile, bahlukaniswe ngamaqembu amaningana ngokwemigomo eminingana:

1. Ngokuqokwa:

• Ukwakha. Amabhuloki asemandla kunayo yonke. Zisetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwezakhi ezizimele ezisekela izakhiwo, amabhuloho, ngaphezulu. Isisindo esithile salolo bhulogi livela ku-1400 kuya ku-1800 kg / m ^3.
• Ukufakwa kwezingodo ezakhiweni nezokushisa kubandakanyeka ekwakhiweni kwezindonga, ikakhulukazi izindonga ezingqingili. Isisindo esithile salo mabhuloki sisuka ku-600 kuya ku-1400 kg / m ^3.
• Ukwehliswa kwe-thermal isetshenziswa njenge-heater yemiklamo ehlukahlukene. Izakhi ezilula kakhulu ezinokuqukethwe okungenani kwe-sement nesihlabathi. Ukuvuthwa okuqondile ku-350-600 kg / m ³ .

2. Ngensimu yesicelo:

• I-Wall. Ngaphakathi nangaphandle ebeka amazinga ahlukene wemfanelo.
• Izingxenye zokuhlukanisa ikamelo elingaphakathi futhi kwezinye izimo isikhala esingaphakathi kwendawo yokuhlala.

3. Ngokwefomu. Wonke amabhulogi we-parallelepipedal ahluke kuphela ngezinga lokugcwalisa:

• Umzimba ogcwele.
• Hollow.

4. Ngokuhleleka kwemikhumbi:

• Ubuso.
• Okuvamile.

Amazinga

Ngokusho kwezakhiwo kanye nemingcele yezobuchwepheshe, ibhlogo le-claydite-konkrete kufanele lihlangabezane nezimfuneko ezisungulwe ku-GOST 6133-99 "Izikhonkwane ze-Concrete Wall". Le dokhumenti ibhala imingcele ehlukahlukene yokulawulwa kwekhwalithi, izitembu, izinto zokusetshenziswa zokukhiqiza, ezokuthutha kanye nemithetho yokugcina.

I-GOST ichaza ubukhulu obukhulu bendawo yegesi, i- foam block, i-block yebumba eyandisiwe:

Futhi, idokhumenti ibonisa ukuphambuka okuvumelekile kusukela ubukhulu obuyisisekelo:

Izilungiselelo Ezijwayelekile

Ukulinganisa ububanzi ngokuhambisana ne-GOST kucacisiwe ngokucacile, ngokucacile, siwenza lula futhi siwahumushe ngendlela ejwayelekile bese sithola itafula elilandelayo:

Igama lamabhuloki	Usayizi, mm
I-Wall	390х190х188 288x288x138 288x138x138 290х190х188 190h190h188 90х190х188
Ukuhlukanisa	590х90х188 390h90h188 190h90h188

Ngokwalezi zindinganiso, ungakwazi njalo ukubala inani lemishini edingekayo ekwakhiweni. Lezi zibalo zisebenza kumabhuloki azo zonke izinhlobo zokhonkolo.

Ubukhulu obujwayelekile bokhuni lobumba obunwetshiwe lungashintshwa ezifisweni ezithile kwisiteji sokukhiqiza inqwaba ethile noma yonke umugqa womkhiqizo. Khona-ke umdayisi kufanele akhombise ukuthi umkhiqizo wenziwe ngokusho kwezimpawu futhi unomuntu siqu, ohlukile kumasayizi amukelwe.

Ngokwezinga, hhayi kuphela ubukhulu bebhlogo le-claydite obhalisiwe, kodwa futhi nesimo esiyisisekelo samatshe - i-parallelepiped. I-element ingaba nemigomo ephathekayo, kanye nokuxhuma kwenqwaba ne-groove.

Ukuma kwamatshe (polyhedra, semicircles, njll) kungashintshwa ekwakhiweni kwezakhi zokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo.

Ukucaciswa kobuchwepheshe

Qaphela ukuthi ubungako bokuvimba obunwe bomhlabathi abuthinti ukusebenza.

1. Amandla ebhuloho e-claydite ahluke kuye ngokuthi insimu yesicelo:

Ukuqokwa	Inkomba, kg / cm 2
Ukufakwa kwe-thermal	5-35
Ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo nokushisa	35-100
Ukwakha	100-500

2. Isisindo esikhulu :

Ukuqokwa	Isibonisi, kg / cm 3
Ukufakwa kwe-thermal	350-600
Ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo nokushisa	600-1400
Ukwakha	1400-1800

3. Ukuqhuba ukushisa kwama-blocks kusuka kubhontshisi obunwetshiwe obunwebukhulu buyi-0.14-0.66 W / (m * K). I-indicator ixhomeke esilinganisweni sesihlabathi nesimiso ekubunjweni kwetshe - okumbalwa kubo, ikhono le-block eliphakeme lokugcina ukushisa. Izakhi ezingenalutho zinenani eliphakeme kakhulu, isakhiwo sazo sizoba sefudumele kakhulu.

4. Ukuqina kwe-Frost kuncike ebukhulu bebhokisi - isisindo esiningi, imijikelezo eyengeziwe into ephikisayo.

Ukuqokwa	Inombolo yemijikelezo
Ukufakwa kwe-thermal	15-50
Ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo nokushisa	150
Ukwakha	500

5. Ukunakekelwa kwamanzi okwesikhumba esivamile sobumba - kuze kube ngu-10%. Isibonakaliso singancishiswa ngokufaka izithasiselo ezikhethekile ze-plasticizing kanye nokuthuthukisa ekubunjweni.

6. Ukuvuthwa kwamaphuphu kuyanda nge-porosity - 0,3-0,9 mg / (m * h * Pa). Ngakho-ke, ukugoqa okukhanyayo kuvimba ngokuphelele ukudlula umswakama.

7. Ukukhipha umsindo kuncike ekungenikeni kwe-unit. Njengoba ububanzi bokwehlukanisa kwe-90 mm, ukuvikelwa kunikezwa kufika ku-50 dB.

8. Ukuziqhenya. Ubumba obwandisiwe buyakwazi ukumelana nemizuzu engu-180. Kushisa lokushisa kwe-1050 ^° C.

I-shrinkage ihambelana nenani le-0.3-0.5 mm / m.

10. Inombolo yokwakha evumelekile ingu-12.

Isicelo

Izikhonkwane zobhontshisi obunwetshiwe obunwetshiwe ziyonke - zisetshenziselwa ukwakha izingxenye ezahlukene zezakhiwo nezakhiwo zobunjiniyela. Ukuze isisekelo, izakhi ezinkulu zikhiqizwa ezingakwazi ukumelana nemithwalo ebalulekile, umzimba uqiniswa ngokwengeziwe. Izindonga zinezibilini ezizimele nezokuvikela. Umehluko lukhona ekuklanyeni nasekubunjweni: izakhi zokusekela nezakhiwo ezisekelayo zinesisindo esikhulu nesibalo esikhulu, futhi izixhumo zivame kakhulu futhi zilula.

Izingxenye ezenziwe ngokwedlulele uketshezi lwebumba luzwakala umsindo endaweni. I-suit enjalo emakhaya nasezindlini ngezinhloso ezehlukene. Ubukhulu besikhwama se-claydite esikuvimbelayo sikuvumela ukuba uhlanganise udonga ngokushesha ngomzamo omncane.

Izinzuzo ngaphezu kwezinye izinto

+ Ukhiqizwa izibhamu zobumba, ubukhulu bawo obubekiwe, kulula ukubeka: isakhiwo sabo esivuthayo sivumela isixazululo singene emzimbeni wetshe, okuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuzakhela komzimba kungokwethenjelwa.

+ Izindonga ezakhiwe kusuka emabhuloki angenalutho zingagcizelelwa kalula: ukuqiniswa okuqinisa ukwakhiwa kufakwa emigodini, kudala ifreyimu. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ekwakhiweni kwezindawo eziningi.

+ Ubungako obunwetshiwe obunwetshiwe buvumela ukuba ulondoloze ngesamba sempahla yokugubha, futhi kunciphise izindleko zomsebenzi wokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo.

+ Isisindo esincane sezakhi asidingi isisekelo esiqinile sesisekelo.

+ Ithuba lokusindisa, ngaphandle kokungenelela okwengeziwe.

+ Izindonga "ezinokuphefumula" zivumela ukugcina isimo sezulu esiphezulu endaweni ngaphandle kokunciphisa.

+ Ubuso bekhonkrithi buso kungenziwa ngezinsimbi ezahlukeneyo, futhi isakhiwo saso sizoqinisekisa ukunamathela okuthembekile kwezingxenye.

+ Amatshe aqinile amelane nezinto ezilenga ezihlukahlukene (amakhabhinethi, amashalofu, izinto zikagesi).

+ Ukunciphisa okuncane ngeke kuboniswe ekugcineni nasekugcineni kwezakhiwo.

Ukungalungi

• Uma kuqhathaniswa nekhonkri esindayo, ubumba obwandisiwe buqinile kangako, ngakho-ke ukusebenzisa kwayo izisekelo kungenzeka kuphela ngokwakhiwa okuphansi nokuqalwa ngokucophelela.
• Lapho ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo eziphakeme, kudingeke ukuba kube nokuqina okuphezulu, okwandisa umthwalo esisekelo futhi kudinga ukwakhiwa okunamandla kakhulu, okungakwandisa izindleko zeprojekthi.
• Kuyinto eyenzekayo ukuthi izakhi zomhlabathi ezingalungile ngenxa yokuthi zakhiwe, kubalulekile ukwenza ukupakisha ngokucophelela. Kodwa uma ukwephulwa ngaphakathi kwemingcele evunyelwe i-GOST, azikho izinkinga.

Izici zesicelo nokukhethwa

Uma, lapho ukhetha impahla yokwakha indlu, umise ekhenkrithini ye-claydite, udinga ukucabangela ezinye zezinto ezihamba phambili:

1. Ukuze ungenzi ukufakwa okungeziwe, kuyadingeka ukuthi uhlele ubukhulu bodonga okungenani ama-40 mm. Khona-ke ukuhlala endlini kuyobe kukhululekile, futhi i-microclimate ihlale ihamba kahle.
2. Ubuningi kufanele kwenziwe ngokucophelela ukulinganisa ukuqina kwamajoyina. Akufanele kube khona noma yimaphi ama-protrusions noma ama-overhangs.
3. Ukuze indlu yodaka lwebumba elandisiwe, isisekelo sokuqhafaza kufanelekile, ngaphandle uma ingaphansi. Ngemuva kwemvula yayo, umuntu angaqala ukwakha izindonga.

Ubukhulu bezinga le-blockdite block lichaza ngokucacile, ngakho-ke, uma iphrojekthi ubalwe ngemingcele enjalo, qaphela lapho uthenga lokho okushicilelwe: umenzi kumele acacise ubukhulu ngokusho kwe-GOST noma i-TU. Bangase bahluke.