Lokusungula Derzhavin. Emisha in the imisebenzi Derzhavina

UGavrilă Romanovich Derzhavin (1743-1816) - ovelele Russian imbongi 18th - ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19. umsebenzi Derzhavin, kodwa inhliziyo yayibukhuni obungahluleki ngezindlela eziningi futhi ushiye uphawu olubalulekile emlandweni kwezincwadi ezweni lethu, ezithinta nentuthuko eyengeziwe.

Life kanye Works of Derzhavin

Ukufunda biography of Derzhavin, kungase kuqashelwe ukuthi eminyakeni yokuqala umbhali akubonisi ukuthi umiselwe ukuba abe umuntu omkhulu futhi Innovator ekhaliphile.

UGavrilă Romanovich wazalwa ngo-1743 esifundazweni Kazan. Umndeni umbhali esizayo kwaba uneventful kakhulu, kodwa kwakungekaNkulunkulu ukuthinta izicukuthwane kuphela.

eminyakeni yokuqala

Ngiseyingane, Derzhavin kwadingeka akhuthazelele kokufa kukayise, ngisho saba sibi kakhulu isimo sezimali somndeni. Umama ezingenamafutha kwadingeka ukuthi ahambe ibanga elide ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amadodana akhe amabili, sibaphe okungenani abanye imfundo nokuqeqeshwa. Abafundisi abahle esifundazweni, lapho umndeni owahlala khona, kwaba hhayi okungaka, kwadingeka ukuba sibekezelele labo bayakwazi ukuqasha. Naphezu kwesimo esinzima, impilo ebuthaka, othisha ukuzibhala, Derzhavin, sibonga ikhono lakhe futhi ngikhuthazele, wakwazi ukuthola imfundo esezingeni elifanele.

inkonzo yezempi

Namanje umfundi Kazan yokuzivocavoca, imbongi wabhala izinkondlo zakhe kuqala. Nokho, ukuze uqede izifundo zami esikoleni esiphakeme, wehluleka. Iqiniso ukuthi iphutha lokubhala ezenziwa ezinye izikhulu, kuye kwaholela yokuthi le nsizwa ngonyaka ngaphambili wathumela ukubuthelwa empini ngo Petersburg, e Preobrazhensky ibutho, e ezejwayelekile isosha izikhundla. iminyaka eyishumi kuphela kamuva, wayekwazi ukuzikhuthaza namanje sifinyelele izinga isikhulu.

Ngempilo isosha futhi umsebenzi Derzhavin washintsha kakhulu. inkonzo Long ushiye nesikhathi esincane sokwenza umsebenzi wokubhala, kodwa, naphezu kwalokhu, ngo neminyaka yempi Derzhavin wabhala eziningi izinkondlo ezihlekisayo futhi wafunda imisebenzi abalobi abahlukahlukene, kuhlanganise University, okuyinto azibonela yona is ikakhulukazi wayelihlonipha futhi kubhekwa umuntu oyisibonelo. izinkondlo German futhi bakhangwa Derzhavin. Wayazi German futhi wahlanganyela okuhunyushiwe izimbongi Russian nesiJalimane e izinkondlo zabo siqu ngokuvamile wancika kubo.

Nokho, ngenkathi UGavrilă Romanovich uye ebezingakabonwa Injongo yayo eyinhloko izinkondlo. Yena inesifiso i-career wezempi inkonzo babevelaphi nokuthi isimo ezingokwenyama zomkhaya.

Ngo 1773-1774 GG. Derzhavin ezimpini abacindezela kuvukela Emelyana Pugacheva, kodwa ukukhulisa kwethu nokubonwa sokunconywa yabo futhi akwenziwa. Njengoba base bethole njengoba isinxephezelo imiphefumulo amathathu namashumi kuphela, uphumile. Ezinye izimo isikhathi kwamphoqa ukuze baziphilise akayena ngempela ngokwethembeka endleleni - sidlala amakhadi.

ukuvezwa ithalente

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngalesi sikhathi, ngeminyaka yoma, wayebonisa ikhono lakhe okokuqala kwavulela ngobuqotho. "Chatalagayskie Ode" (1776) ukhangwa isithakazelo abafundi, kodwa ngobuhlakani futhi eminye imisebenzi yoma babengakakhuli ezimele ngokugcwele. umsebenzi Derzhavin kwakungu imitative ngaphezulu, ezifana Sumarokov, Lomonosov nabanye. Imithetho okuqinile prosody, okuyinto, ebe elandela isiko zakudala, walalela izinkondlo zakhe, babengavunyelwe ukuba embule ngokugcwele ithalente eziyingqayizivele umlobi.

Ngo 1778, e singakunaki ukuphila komuntu umbhali kwenzeka isehlakalo siyajabulisa - wawa inkanuko ethanda futhi washada Catherine Yakovlevna Bastidon, egcwele iminyaka eminingi muse yakhe olusankondlo (okuthiwa Plenira).

indlela siqu ezincwadini

Kusukela 1779 umbhali ikhetha indlela yayo izincwadi. Kuze 1791 usebenza uhlobo ODE, owanikhipha kuye udumo enkulu. Kodwa imbongi akuyona nje abe isibonelo zakudala lolu hlobo esiqinile. Yena ngilunge kwashintsha ngokuphelele ulimi, okusenzeka iba resonant ngokungavamile, ngokomzwelo, hhayi njengoba wayebathukuthelele kulinganiswa, classicism okunengqondo. Ngokuphelele ushintshe Derzhavin ODE nokuqukethwe ngemibono. izithakazelo isimo sika Uma esikhathini esidlule bebengamalungu kakhulu, manje Derzhavina lokusungula futhi wenza siqu, vulamehlo obuseduze. Kulokhu wawufanekisela sentimentalism eligcizelela imizwelo, Ukwanelisa inkanuko.

eminyakeni yamuva

Emashumini eminyaka bokugcina bokuphila kwakhe Derzhavin uyayeka ukubhala izinkondlo emsebenzini wakhe kuqala ukwanda phakathi izinkondlo uthando, imilayezo ubungani, izinkondlo ezihlekisayo.

Poet wafa-July 8, 1816 ku izindlu Zvanka, endaweni ayemthanda.

Ukudala Derzhavina kafushane

Imbongi ngokwakhe ayecabanga wakhe oyinhloko sokunconywa isingeniso endabeni eqanjiwe "okuhlekisayo ilunga isiRashiya," okuyinto Ihlangana tincenye isitayela abahumushela kulo nephakemeyo, ngokuhlanganisa izinkondlo ukubhinqa. Ukuqamba Derzhavin kwaba yiqiniso ukuthi uye wanda uhlu izinkondlo Russian, ehlanganisa ama-theme kanye motifs Kusukela epilweni yangamalanga.

ODE onesizotha

Derzhavin lokusungula chaza kafushane edume kakhulu izinkondlo zakhe. Bavame coexists ekuqaleni yasekhaya futhi yiqhawe zezakhamizi kanye siqu. ngaleyo ndlela Creation Derzhavina ihlanganisa izici ngaphambilini engahambelani. Ngokwesibonelo, "Poems phezu kokuzalwa kwengane eNorth porfirorodnogo" ayikwazi ngokuthi i ODE onesizotha ngomqondo zakudala izwi. Ukuzalwa kuka-Alexander Pavlovich e 1779 iye yachazwa ngokuthi umcimbi omkhulu, bonke geniuses bamlethela nezipho ahlukahlukene -. Ingqondo, ingcebo, ubuhle, njll Nokho, isifiso Owokugcina kubo ( "Yiba umuntu kwesihlalo sobukhosi") ubonisa ukuthi inkosi - indoda, okuyinto kwakungeyona ejwayelekile classicism. Emisha in the imisebenzi Derzhavina wabonakaliswa lapha ngengxube isimo civil kanye siqu lomuntu.

"Felitsa"

Kulesi ODE Derzhavin nesibindi ukuze ubheke Empress yena kanye ukumphikisa. Felitsa - kuyinto uCatherine II. UGavrilă Romanovich kuyinto Regal njengoba umuntu yangasese, ngaleyo ndlela kwephula esiqinile isiko classic bese ekhona. Imbongi bayahlonishwa uCatherine II hhayi inhlangano kahulumeni, kodwa njengoba umuntu ohlakaniphileyo owazi indlela yakhe empilweni limlandele. Khona-ke imbongi ichaza ukuphila kwayo. Self-indida lapho echaza izinkanuko, eyayinawo imbongi, ukhonza ukugcizelela engilakhele isithunzi sobukhulu Felitsa.

Okungukuthi, uhlobo lokukhishwa ODE, egxile ngokuphelele isihloko wokudumisa, iba imbongi embikweni friendly, lapho kukhona izinhlangothi ezimbili, futhi ngamunye kubo kubaluleke, hhayi nje lapho uya khona. Ngo wokubusa uCatherine II imbongi uyakwazisa kunazo zonke ukuphana, ubulula ukuba marhamaru, okungukuthi siqu, izimfanelo zomuntu.

"On the Ukuthatha ka Izmail"

Kulesi ODE okubonisa umfanekiso ngokubabazekayo abantu isiRashiya, wamthanda inqaba Turkish. Amandla wafanisa zakhe amandla emvelo: ukuzamazama komhlaba, ulwandle iziphepho, intaba-mlilo. Nokho, akuyona nokuguqulwa, kodwa kungaphansi intando inkosi isiRashiya, eliqhutshwa uthembeke ezweni. Amandla nesosha Russian futhi wonke abantu Russian okungavamile, amandla alo nobukhulu saboniswa kulo msebenzi.

"Impophoma"

Kulesi ODE, ebhalwe ngo-1791, ikakhulukazi kuba ukusakaza isithombe, efanekisela impermanence wokuphila, udumo yasemhlabeni nobukhulu womuntu. I sibonelo wakhonza njengephayona Kivach Waterfall, elise Karelia. Isiceshana sokuxuba imibala umkhiqizo ocebile ezihlukile kanye nemibala. Ekuqaleni kwaba nje incazelo kwe-waterfall, kodwa ngemva kokufa Prince Potemkin (kungalindelekile ushonele endleleni eya ekhaya, ebuya siyonqoba empini Russian-Turkish) UGavrilă Romanovich ungeze isithombe okuqukethwe semantic kanye waterfall baba Ihlanganisa fragility zokuphila bese ubeka izinto ukucabanga yefilosofi ahlukahlukene amagugu. Derzhavin mathupha bajwayelane Prince Potemkin, futhi ayikwazanga ukuphendula ukuwa kwakhe isigubhukane.

Nokho, UGavrilă Romanovich kwakusala kude Potemkin nobabazekayo. Esikhathini ODE wamelana Rumyantsev - lokho lowo ngokusho umbhali, iqhawe. Rumyantsev kwaba Patriot ngempela ababezalwa obakhathalelayo kuzuze wonke umuntu, hhayi inkazimulo siqu nengcebo. Lokhu iqhawe ODE yakhe ngokomfanekiso uhambelana ukusakaza okuthulile. izimpophoma ezinomsindo waqhathanisa Homely ubuhle Suna emfuleni omkhulu ngokubabazekayo yayo nokuzola phezu ukucaciseleka amanzi egcwele. Abantu abafana Rumyantsev, buthule, ngaphandle isikhathi nokubilisa izinkanuko baphile izimpilo zabo, kungaba thatha ubuhle esibhakabhakeni.

izinkondlo zefilosofi

Izihloko Ukudala Derzhavina uqhubeke zefilosofi izinkondlo. Ode "On the Death of Prince Meshchersky" (1779) yabhalwa ngemva kokufa kukaPawulu ka indlalifa, Prince Meshchersky. Futhi ukufa uvezwa ngokomfanekiso, ke "ulola scythe" futhi "igedle amazinyo." Ukufunda lokhu ODE, ekuqaleni ngisho sengathi lolu hlobo "ingoma" sokufa. Nokho, sikhathi siphela ngomkhosi esiphethweni okuphambene - Derzhavin ubiza sikwazise ukuphila ngokuthi "isipho osheshayo ezulwini" futhi siphile kahle, ukuze sife kanye naye ngenhliziyo ehlanzekile.

anacreontic isosha esihlatshelelwayo

Ukulingisa abalobi basendulo ukudala ukuhumushwa izinkondlo zabo Derzhavin wadala miniature yakhe lapho umqondo Russian ukunambitheka kazwelonke, ukuphila, kuchazwe imvelo Russian. Classicism e Derzhavina isebenza lapha usebhekene izinguquko.

Ukuhumusha Anacreon ngoba UGavrilă Romanovich - kuba ithuba embusweni bemvelo, indoda kanye ukuphila, eyayintula neze indawo izinkondlo zakudala esiqinile. Ukubona lokhu imbongi yamandulo eyakubiza udelela ukukhanya empilweni onothando, kakhulu bakhangwa Derzhavin.

Ngo-1804 lo magazini ehlukile 'izingoma Anacreontic. " Esanduleleni Uyachaza ukuthi kungani wanquma ukubhala "evesini ukukhanya": imbongi wabhala la mavesi ebusheni bakhe, futhi ishicilelwe manje ngoba ushiye inkonzo, ngaba umuntu yangasese futhi manje khulula ukushicilela umathanda.

ngasekupheleni isosha esihlatshelelwayo

Ngu izici lokusungula Derzhavin esikhathini kamuva zihlanganisa yokuthi ngalesi sikhathi wacishe iyeke zibhala izinkondlo kudala imisebenzi kakhulu lyrical. Inkondlo "Eugene. Zvanskaya Life", abhalwe 1807, uchaza ikhaya kwansuku zonke izicukuthwane ubudala ngihlala zikanokusho izindlu umndeni yasemakhaya. Abacwaningi bathi lokhu umsebenzi yabhalwa impendulo Elegy Zhukovsky "Kusihlwa" futhi kwaba Romanticism polemic incipient.

By lyric ngasekupheleni Derzhavina ezihlobene nomsebenzi "Isikhumbuzo", egcwele ukholo isithunzi somuntu edelela nobunzima, vicissitudes wokuphila kanye nezinguquko zomlando.

ekudalweni Value Derzhavina lalilikhulu kakhulu. Kuqalwe Gavril Sergeyevich baqhubeka ukuguqulwa amafomu zakudala Pushkin, futhi esikhathini esizayo, kanye nezinye izimbongi Russian.