Kuyini amalahle, kanye lokho limbiwa? abaholi bezwe e izimayini zamalahle

Kuyini amalahle? Ingatholakala kanjani-ke? Yiziphi izinhlobo ezahlukene lokhu amaminerali? Izimpendulo zale mibuzo zingatholakala ku-athikili yethu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona ngeke adluliselwe abaholi bezwe ngoba isizinda amalahle emhlabeni.

Kuyini zamalahle, futhi kanjani it namiphi imiphumela?

Coal - idiphozi amaminerali, omunye main fuel izinsiza planethi. Yasungulwa ngonyaka ka ungqimba lomhlaba ngenxa ekuqongeleleni kwesikhathi eside izinsalela izitshalo lasendulo ngokungabi bikho ukufinyelela-mpilo.

Isixhumanisi sokuqala neketanga eside kwamalahle genesis kuyinto Peat. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukugqagqana yayo nezinye imali. Peat onomfutho kancane kancane ilahlekelwa umswakama kanye amagesi kuguculwa amalahle. Kuye ngezinga of ukuguqulwa kanye okuqukethwe carbon uhlukaniswe ezintathu izinhlobo namaminerali:

• ansundu (carbon okuqukethwe: 65-75%);
• amalahle (75-95%);
• anthracite (phezu 95%).

Emazweni aseNtshonalanga, ngezigaba eziningana ezahlukene. Kukhona futhi lignite elingalodwa, graphite, amalahle bituminous, nokunye. D.

Amalahle akhishwa emhlabeni kwezakhi ngezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko:

• evulekile (noma inkwali) uma elikhiqizayo kwezakhi ukujula esingeqile amamitha 100;
• avaliwe (okwami), lapho amalahle amanga kakhulu.

Indlela yokuqala lula kakhulu, oholela kangcono futhi ephephile kusukela umbono wenhlangano yenqubo ukukhiqizwa. Nokho, kudala umonakalo elisemqoka kuya imvelo.

abaholi bezwe zomkhiqizo womhlaba amalahle

Yini isimo namuhla limbiwa yamalahle nenani elikhulu? Lawa mazwe ethulwa ethebuleni elingezansi.

Cishe isimo esifanayo isahola futhi amalahle. Nokho, kancane owahlanganyela elungiselelweni ezahlukene.

abaholi bezwe embonini yamalahle e-Europe - kukhona eJalimane, e-Russia, ePoland nase-Ukraine. Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke imicengezi amalahle kule ngxenye yomhlaba: the Ruhr (eJalimane), Upper yeSilesia (Poland) kanye IDonetsk (Ukraine).

ukudoba Carbon: agumenti "ngoba" futhi "ngokumelene"

Uma yamalahle emathunjini kukhona, kungani ukuthatha isuka lapho? Lena ngenye yama-agumenti main esivuna ukukhiqizwa kwamalahle. Ngempela, uphethiloli okokuqala umuntu esetshenziswa izinjongo zabo. Kuye kwenziwa sibonga ilahle izinguquko kwezezimboni kwekhulu XIX. Amandla omlilo elilodwa kilogram izinto zokubasa ezimbiwa phansi unika indoda mayelana 25 MJ zamandla. Nokho, ahlanzekile futhi aphephile kunzima kakhulu ukuze ushayele le amandla ...

I ehamba phambili emazweni-abaholi izimayini zamalahle (the lokuqala nedlanzana) ngonyaka ezikhishwe phansi mayelana amathani ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu eziyisikhombisa fuel okuqinile. Yiqiniso, isibalo esingangaleso kwesivuno ayikwazi kuyayithinta imvelo embulungeni yonke. Burning amalahle, ngokososayensi futhi zemvelo, zinegalelo elisemqoka kuya jikelele ukufudumala Zomhlaba, okuyinto yena, wenza esiyingozi futhi iyingozi kakhulu kwesimo sezulu embulungeni yonke.

Lokho kwemvelo ukuphepha isici nokuphoqa emazweni amaningi athuthukile zezwe ukuze sinciphise izinga lokutholakala kwengculazi izimayini zamalahle ezindaweni zabo. EYurophu lehla ngokushesha inani amabhomu amaningi yayibekelelwa kula mashumi eminyaka amuva. Nokho, isithakazelo kuzo kungenziwa azalwe engomunye Ukuwohloka uwoyela negesi izinqolobane emhlabeni jikelele.

Ukuwohloka isimo ezindaweni ezithandwa ukuzamazama komhlaba - kungenye qinile zakuzakwana ngokumelene amalahle asebenzayo. Iqiniso lokuthi isizinda iyiphi amaminerali avela ungqimba lomhlaba ngezinga ezingakaze zishunyayelwe ngalo isikhathi akushaywa mkhuba. Ngo ezindaweni ezakhelene ezimayini zamalahle noma izigaba, kakhulu kwandisa ingozi ukuzamazama komhlaba, ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi kanye nokuhluleka ezenziwe umuntu.

Ekuphetheni ...

Noma kunjalo, ijubane embonini yamalahle global ukwandisa ngo-2-3% njalo ngonyaka. Okokuqala, bangakunaki izinkampani abafanele nezimayini US, e-Russia, e-Ukraine, India, China nakwamanye amazwe ase-Asia.

A ehamba phambili emazweni-abaholi embonini yamalahle namuhla - kukhona China, USA naseNdiya. Minyaka yonke, walulama kusukela umhlaba amathani angaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu 5 uphethiloli okuqinile.