Kuyini wokugoqa: Izimbangela izinyathelo imfundo nokuphepha

Labantu abahlala ezindaweni sezintaba, wazi kahle ukuthi ukuwohloka okunjalo. Kukhona Kuyaziwa, nokho ngempela okukhulu, kungaholela kubhujiswa okubi futhi balahlekelwe ukuphila.

Njengoba eMpumalanga kwakhiwa

Lesi simo esiyingqayizivele sibangelwa yemvelo ukuhlukana ngokushesha futhi displacement idwala ngaphansi umphumela gravity emithambekeni ukudluliselwa, ebhidliza, lapho phansi esigodini ligcwele doti. Ngezinye izikhathi nihluphe amabhlogo ezinkulu, ngokuhlaziya enqubeni ukuwela izingcezwana ezincane eziningi, ukuvula in a rockfall. Ubukhulu kwenhlabathi kungase kudingeke imikhawulo ezahlukene - ukusuka Ngokuwa izingcezu ezincane rock i mass elikhulu ezigidini eziningana cubic metres.

Izizathu avame uwela ngenxa buthakathaka amatshe, ukuhlukumeza yobuqotho babo, kumiswa imifantu ngenxa weathering, leaching enhlabathini umhlabathi namanzi ebusweni. Le nqubo kuthinta isakhiwo Geological isimo sezwe, Isakhiwo sazamazama, ngokwezinga elikhulu imisebenzi womuntu ukuthi wephule imithetho yokwakha nezimayini.

ngezigaba

Ezazidilikile libhekene inqubo okukhipha (ivolumu wokuwa idwala uquqaba), kanye esikalini ukubonisa indawo echaziwe. Kule ndaba, bahlukene zibe nomqulu omncane kakhulu engesiyo ezingaphezu kuka 5 m ^3, amancane (5 kuya 50 m ^3), eliphakathi (50 1000 m ³⁾ futhi ezinkulu (ngaphezu kuka-1000 m ^3). Isibonelo salokho ukuwohloka okunjalo ngesilinganiso giant, yabonisa uvumele Pamirs e 1911, ivolumu eyayiqhele 2 bn m ^3.

Kuye isibonisi isikali ukuhlukanisa ezinkulu (ngaphezu kuka-100 m), eliphakathi (kusuka 50 kuya 100 m) kanye ezincane (5 kuya 50 m) kanye encane (kufika ku-5 m) awe bhú phansi.

Imiphumela kwenhlabathi

I esiyingozi kakhulu yiwona esindayo amatshe, okuyinto uquleke elehla livela nemithambeka, bakwazi ukusiqeda noma ugcwalise ngisho isakhiwo eside kakhulu. Bona yithela eziluzungezile, ngezinye izikhathi afihle ngaphansi nemizana yonke, ezindaweni zokulima nasemahlathini. Ngezinye izikhathi lezi izikhukhula zeqhwa ezintabeni ze, mudslides ukubhubhisa lomfula, lapho esongela uzamcolo, ngokuletha akukho umonakalo zincane emvelweni kanye emnothweni kazwelonke. Lezi izenzakalo inhlekelele ezingamlimazi emnothweni kuphela, kuholele ekulahlekelweni izimpilo zabantu, kodwa futhi abangele ngokuvamile ukushintsha landscape.

ngendathane

Ngalezi kwenhlabathi futhi kufanele kucatshangelwe. Bona kwenzeke abantu abahlala enkangala, lapho iqhwa zanqwabelana ngezinye izikhathi Rolls phansi ngesimo ngendathane. Lokhu kwenzeka kaningi emithambekeni forestless, emthambekeni akuyona degrees ngaphansi kuka-140. Kulesi iqhwa omkhulu mass ihamba ngesivinini 30 kuya ku-100 m / s, wabhubhisa indlela yayo ezakhiwe ngilale futhi entabeni emizileni komgwaqo. Caught in indlela yakhe, izivakashi, izakhamuzi emizaneni, nabanye abantu bangase embozwe yiqhwa. Blow kusuka ezifana umphumela ngendathane kungaba amathani per imitha square kufika ku-50. Izinhlekelele ezinjalo zemvelo eRussia Uvame ukuzithola eNhlonhlweni Kola, North-Caucasus, Urals, Ekude Western eSiberia.

Umfutho lo ngendathane babekwazi ukunikeza ukuncibilika kakhulu iqhwa, kweqhwa, Ngokuqhubeka isikhathi eside kanye nokuzamazama komhlaba iyiphi iyehla iyenyuka abalulekile emoyeni, zibangelwa yizenzo zabantu.

izinyathelo zokuqapha

Izakhamuzi abahlala kulezi zindawo, azi kahle ukuthi ukuwohloka okunjalo futhi, njengoba umthetho, kwenziwe imisebenzi ethile ukuze uqinise ezindaweni kwezindlu ukuvikela. Iziteshi Hydrometeorological nokuthunyelwe aphoqelelwe ukuba ngesikhathi esifanele wazise umphakathi ngezingozi ezihlobene ne izikhungo nge yawa, zone yezenzo zabo.

Ukubeka of wesitimela ithrekhi ezinkangala kudinga ukuhlonza ngokucophelela izindawo zincishwe amathuba ngaphambilini ukuze kwenhlabathi ukuba sizigweme noma nini uma kungenzeka. Ikakhulukazi emithambekeni emaweni at nokwakhiwa kwemigwaqo wabeka itshe. Ukumba wafunda uhlobo emadwaleni, isiqondiso imifantu ukuvimbela ukuchitheka ungqimba overlying.

Izenzo uma kwenzeka ukuwohloka

Izinhlekelele zemvelo njengoba kwenhlabathi noma izikhukhula zeqhwa ezintabeni ze ungaba nemiphumela ebuhlungu kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, uma ufaka ulwazi mayelana usongo yabo kungenzeka, zonke okuqondene insimu labantu nge impahla, kanye nemfuyo zayiswa izindawo ephephile.

Lokhu kwenziwa ngokuhambisana emileyo. Uma isikhathi sivuma, phambi kwabantu ngenxa yengozi kuyadingeka ukuze akwazi ukufeza umsebenzi wokulungiselela - ukususa yonke impahla kanye ngaphakathi kwendlu, wavala izivalo namawindi uvalwe. Qiniseka ukuvala ugesi, amanzi kanye negesi.

Ngezingozi abantu ukuxwayisa nomunye. Nge usongo ophumayo kumhambela eziphuthumayo wenziwa ezindaweni eziphephile noma amagquma. Lapho eya kubo, akunakwenzeka ukuba ihambe kwemihosha, izigodi kude, ukuze singathwesi awela ithrekhi zonke amatshe ukugeleza.

Buyela emuva indawo yayo yasekuqaleni ngesikhathi wokugoqa ukuphela noma ukudilika kwenhlabathi ukunyakaza, kungaba ukuqinisekisa ngokugcwele ukungabi khona usongo. Kuphela kulesi simo kubalulekile ukuba sihlanganyele ucinge abalahlekile futhi azosiza abayizisulu. Ukwazi ukuthi ukuwohloka okunjalo, abantu bendawo ezinkangala ngokuvamile wazi ukuthi baziphathe kanjani ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo, futhi ukulungele nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ukuze ngokushesha oyolisusa futhi sibalekele endaweni ephephile.