Kuyini amazwi esiphelelwe?

amazwi esiphelelwe - lena eqenjini elithile amazwi, lapho, ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene kungukuthi asetshenziswa enkulumweni yanamuhla. Basuke izigaba ezimbili - historicism futhi archaisms. Womabili la maqembu zifana nomunye, kodwa kusadingeka ezinye umehluko omkhulu.

historicism

Lawa ngamazwi izinto ezikhethekile, izihloko, imiphumela, okuyinto lashabalala emhlabeni namuhla, kodwa kuye kwaba ngaphambi. Isibonelo amazwi anjalo - Boyar, umbusi, ngilabo labafaka tikhalo, izindlu. Abanaso emagama lafanako ngolimi lwanamuhla futhi ufunde incazelo yabo kungaba i isichazamazwi ochazayo. Empeleni, la mazwi abhekisele incazelo yasendlini yisikhathi, isiko, umnotho, isigaba sabaphathi, ezempi kanye nobudlelwane zezombusazwe phakathi kwalezi iminyaka eminingi.

Ngokwesibonelo, lesi sikhalazo - kuyinto: 1) umnsalo ebunzini lakhe, futhi yayingawuthinti umhlaba; noma 2) isicelo esibhaliwe. Stolnik - enkantolo, okuyinto boyar degree elilodwa aphansi ngokuvamile bakhonza boyar noma isabelo sokudla kwenkosi.

Iningi amadala amazwi-historicism atholakala phakathi amagama ahlobene ne-lempi indaba ephathwayo, kanye ezihlobene izifundo kwezomnotho kanye izingubo: chainmail, visor, redoubt, musket, flagon, inkathazo, ka- elingenamikhono, sevalka, camisole.

Nazi ezinye izibonelo imisho equkethe amazwi zaphela. "Ingabe abakhalazayo enkosini KHALA lo mbusi, futhi wathi kubaqedele izigodi zabo, bese wakhipha, wakhononda ngento izicukuthwane, izikhonzi kanye Knights ukuthi izimantshi ukuthatha isigodlo sabo nemizana Were inkosi, kanye Cossacks nge amabutho alwa ngeminsalo, ethwele nezicelo. , zicela isinkwa imali inkokhelo. "

Okwamanje, elinye lamaqembu eziningi historicism yilezo kwenzeka ngesikhathi kumiswa eU.SSR: le ukucela, budonnovets, isimiso semfundo, Abalimi, nep, lishenets, Nepman, Makhnovets, inala.

archaisms

Obsolete amazwi Russian ulimi isehlane kwelinye iqembu elikhulu - archaisms. Ababona, eqinisweni, kukhona isethi engezansi historicism - nabo kungahlanganisa namazwi akusebenzi. Kodwa umehluko oyinhloko wabo ukuthi ungayithola enye by omqondofana, okuyizinto ezivamile futhi asetshenziswa namuhla ngamagama. Nazi izibonelo archaisms: izihlathi, ngakwesokunene, namanyonga, ivesi, Tuga, Ramen. Ngakho, nozakwabo yesimanje - izihlathi, nasengalweni, emuva, izinkondlo, ukudabuka emahlombe.

Kukhona ezinye umehluko oyisisekelo phakathi archaism futhi elifanayo yayo. Zingase zihluke:

a) Usho lucebe (esiswini - ukuphila, isivakashi - umthengisi);

b) ifomu lwetakhi telulwimi (at ibhola - ibhola, ispolniti - akhiphe);

c) Ukwakheka morphemic (abadobi - Umdobi ubudlelwane - ubungani);

Ukuze kahle eziwasebenzisayo i archaism e isiphakamiso, futhi ukugwema ukudideka, sebenzisa Dictionary noma Dictionary yamagama zaphela.

Kodwa izibonelo imisho equkethe archaisms: "E-Moscow, wahlala nezikhonzi, le boyars, izicukuthwane, onobhala, okuyinto Bolotnikov ezisengozini ukuze ujike ku abavamile, noma ukubulala, futhi esikhundleni sabo ufake abantu nameless; nezimboni ngaphezulu bahlala khona, futhi abahwebi abacebile, endlini yezihambi, imali kabani esitolo - konke kwaphiwa abampofu "e delozh.

Kule ndinyana, archaisms ngayo la mazwi: ovamile, egcekeni (ngomqondo umnotho), esitolo (ibhizinisi yokuthengisa), angenamagama. Kulula phawula ukuthi kukhona abakhona futhi historicism: courtier, nkosi.

amazwi esiphelelwe adlulisa ngokuphelele nobuntu ngokomlando ukwenza temibhalo agqamile elikhanyayo. Kodwa kumelwe ngaso sonke isikhathi hlola ukusetshenziswa ngalokufanele nangalokulungile isichazamazwi, imishwana ehlotshisiwe ekugcineni akazange abe umbhedo.