Ukuze kusizwe umfundi: definition, izinhlobo futhi izibonelo bomcondvophika

Bomcondvophika - amagama ezahlukene umsindo futhi ube amagugu okuphambene: zamanga - okubi kweqiniso - ezinhle, buthule - khuluma. Izibonelo bomcondvophika abonisa ukuthi basonta ingxenye efanayo yokukhuluma.

Antonymy ngolimi Russian lalimelela iyincane kakhulu kunalokho omqondofana. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ebuhlotsheni antonymous ufaka amagama kuphela ezihlobene ku izinga (ezinhle - ezimbi, bomdabu - alien, elihlakaniphile - oyisiphukuphuku, awugqinsi - ezingavamile, high - ongaphakeme), isikhathi (suku - ebusuku, ekuseni khulu - ngasekupheleni), bobukhulu (olulodwa - amaningi, abaningi - ezimbalwa), ngekwendzawo (ivulekile - Friend, big - ezincane, ububanzi - ewumngcingo, okusezingeni eliphezulu - ongaphakeme) efakiwe.

Kube ngazimbili antonymous elisho igama uthi, izenzo. Izibonelo lolu hlobo bomcondvophika: ukujabula - ukuba lusizi, ukukhala - hleka.

Izinhlobo futhi izibonelo bomcondvophika ngesiRashiya

Opposites isakhiwo ihlukaniswe raznokorennye (ekuseni - kusihlwa), kanye cognate (go - yiya). Phawula umehluko owawukhona phakathi amagugu kwelinye impande bomcondvophika ngokuthi isiqalo. Nokho, qaphela ukuthi ngaphezu ezilimi eziyimixhantela futhi qualitative isiphawulo ticalo ngaphandle - ngaphandle - ezimweni eziningi ibanika ukubaluleka kuphikiswa obuthaka (okusezingeni eliphezulu - ongaphakeme), ukuze i-contrast yamanani yabo "uthulisiwe" (ongaphakeme - akusho "ongaphakeme") . Kulesi sisekelo, le antonym ukufaka isiqalo, akubona bonke imfundo, kodwa labo abanakekela amaphuzu okwedlulele Paradigm lucebe kuphela: eqinile - ababuthakathaka, elimazayo - friendly, ezinhle - okubi.

Bomcondvophika, kanye omqondofana, zihlobene polysemy: ezingenalutho - sina (ingxoxo); ezingenalutho - egcwele (inkomishi); ezingenalutho - ekhululekile (imibono); ezingenalutho - ulwazi (indaba). izibonelo Antonyms ukukhombisa ukuthi nezincazelo ezahlukene elithi "ezingenalutho" beze ahlukahlukene pair antonymous. mazwi acacile, futhi amagama amagugu ethile (iambus, nemakhilayoni, edeskini, notebook, njll). Antonyms asikwazi ukuba.

Kukhona phakathi aphikisanayo enantiosemy mkhuba - ukuthuthukiswa alizimele, okuphambene nezindinganiso ezithile namazwi edidayo: ukuba baphathe (egumbini, ukuletha) - Nesta (egumbini, enifeza); aphonswe (umusho osanda kuvezwa) - dengwane (kwesokunxele, ukhohliwe). Inani kulezi amacala ukuqinisekisile umongo. Ngokuvamile, imbangela emagama enantiosemy amagama athile. Izibonelo bahlukene ezifana: walalela umbiko; Umqondisi wabheka la imigqa.

bomcondvophika omfushane: Izibonelo nokuzimisela

bomcondvophika omfushane - amazwi, baphikiswa esimweni esithile: kunonyezi - kwelanga; angiyena umama, nendodakazi; ngosuku olulodwa - wonke wokuphila; nezimpisi - imvu. I polarity lamanani yamazwi anjalo ngolimi akuyona esinqunyiwe, kanti nokuphikiswa yabo isinqumo kumbhali lomuntu. Umlobi ezimweni enjalo, wembula izimfanelo okuphambene imiqondo ehlukene futhi uveza umehluko phakathi kwawo enkulumweni. Nokho, lezi namabhuzu amagama asetshenzisiwe engenzima bomcondvophika.