Archaism: izibonelo ngezilimi Russian and English

Archaisms - akusiyo nje amazwi esiphelelwe isikhathi, futhi labo abaye bathuthela kulesi sigaba ngenxa ukubukeka amagama amasha. Ngokwesibonelo, namuhla akekho ubiza leli vesi senkondlo, izwi ingatholwa izincwadi, imidlalo yaseshashalazini, noma enkulumweni yansuku zonke simnikeza ithoni kuyindida noma ephakeme. Ngezinye izikhathi lahlotshaniswa indawo hhayi wonke izwi ngokwalo, kodwa incazelo yayo lucebe. Ngokwesibonelo, igama elithi "bavuke". Isetshenziselwa namuhla lisho "ukukhulisa ukuhlubuka, ukuze uphikise into, Reborn, wamvusa," futhi Umbala okusezingeni eliphezulu yesitayela. Kodwa uma eRussia, kwaba yasendlini angenanhlonipho, eye yasetshenziswa lisho "uvuke, uthole ngezinyawo zakho." Noma esinye isibonelo: "Ingabe yini ngilihawukele yesisu sakhe!", Okuchaza "Ungabahawukeli ukuphila kwami!" Njengoba ubona, esiswini Ngelimi Russian walondoloza, kodwa ukubaluleka kwaso ishintshile. Futhi ngomqondo "ukuphila" leli gama elithi "isisu" - kuyinto zakudala. Izibonelo ezinye izinguquko: cravat (archaism lucebe futhi ifonotiki, emagama lafanako yesimanje - "tie"); Baba! (Uhlelo lolimi archaism, igama elithi "baba" ungaphakathi kunjalo yokubiza, okuyinto yolimi lwanamuhla Russian alisetshenziswa); injabulo (bheke archaism, namuhla igama elithi "injabulo" ne esinezinhlamvu ayisetshenziswa).

ngokukhethekile kufanele kube anachronism semantic. Izibonelo archaisms enjalo unikwe ngenhla ( "isisu" ngomqondo "ukuphila"). Ziyasazi umfundi zakha okwehlukile, ukuze zikhona nobunzima ekuqondeni umbhalo. Isikhathi esining impela archaisms semantic ezitholakala izincwadi zenkolo. Ngokwesibonelo, "isitha" - kuyinto idemoni, "charm" - akusiyo into enhle futhi kumnandi, ibuye futhi ibe isilingo eholela esonweni, "igama elithi" ( "Ekuqaleni wayekhona uLizwi") - lokhu akukona iyunithi yokukhuluma, futhi ingqondo. Phakathi elifanayo zakudala futhi yesimanje ingase iqale ezicashile uxhumano semantic. "Ubuhle" empeleni kube nesilingo, kodwa ngomqondo wesimanje kwegama elithi "ubuhle" uba nombala omuhle - akusho ukuthi iyiphi into enhle kuyisono. umehluko wemisindo nemiqondo yamagama ezinjalo zibaluleke kakhulu ukuliqonda ngokunembile okushiwo umsebenzi. Ngisho e abalobi zanamuhla ezifana Anna Akhmatova, kungatholakala izwi-archaisms. Izibonelo ezincwadini baningi: amazwi zakudala kungatholakala kokubili temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba futhi izinkondlo. Esikhathini yokugcina badlala indima ekhethekile, nika ukuphakama, ukwesekwa melodiousness futhi ngaleyo ndlela ubheke zemvelo.

Archaisms ngesiNgisi: Izibonelo

"Amazwi Old", noma "amazwi zakudala" (t. E. Archaisms), ngolimi lwesiNgisi kungenziwa labizwa cishe njengendlu Russian. Nokho, Nakuba Yiqiniso, has izici zayo siqu elihlobene ne isakhiwo yolimi, kungatholakala cishe zonke izinhlobo archaisms we eshiwo ngenhla.

Ngokwesibonelo, wena - wena (esikhundleni sakho) - lo archaism acacile kakhulu futhi ezithakazelisayo. Izibonelo izinhlobo izwi: kuwe - wena (esikhundleni yesimanje wena), kanye lakho - sakho (izwi yesimanje - sakho). Yebo, kanye kwaba khona isikhalo "wena" ngesiNgisi, kodwa namuhla, okungekhona sasingayikuhlanganyela efinyelelwe, sithi "wena" okungukuthi Wena. "Wena" ngesiNgisi yazye aphume ukusetshenziswa kancane kancane. Kakhulu akuvamile, kodwa leli gama zingatholakala namuhla. Ngokwesibonelo, e ingoma odumile Metallica ngokuthi The Unfirgiven has umugqa: - ". Ngakho mina igama kuwe Unforgiven" "Ngase ukuyoguqulela kuwe Unforgiven" Yiqiniso, lena zakudala esiyingqayizivele. Izibonelo Ngamanye amazwi esiphelelwe kungukuthi ngakho ibonisa ngokucacile izinguquko ezaba khona kwezenhlalo kanye ngokwengqondo izimpilo zabantu abakhuluma isiNgisi:

1. lapha - "lapha" (manje -. Lapha). Ukuma lapha, nakuba akusebenzi namuhla, sihlehlela kusukela ekuqaleni sesiNgisi sanamuhla. Ifomu amadala - hider, babevela protogermanskogo ulimi. Nokho, naphezu ukufana lé lapha ungubani phakathi kwazo. "Lapha" lisuselwe kwelesiLatini elithi igama ezahlukene ngokuphelele okusho "ukuba kule ndawo", lapha kuyinto umthunzi kancane ezingefani ncamashí - "ukuhambisa lapha", akumangalisi kukhona isisho tenkhulumo nge value of "emuva naphambili" - ngalapha nangalapha.

2. Phakathi - ". Phakathi" lahlotshaniswa elisetshenziswa namuhla - phakathi. Njengoba kulula ukubona ukuthi ustrevshee izwi nengxenye bheke unit yesimanje lucebe.

3. Yizwani noma harken - ". Ukulalela" Eminye imithombo zithi historicism, ukuthi kuyinto izwi ephelelwe yisikhathi ongenawo analogue ngolimi lwanamuhla, kodwa izichazamazwi angaphandle kungabonwa imakwe zakudala. Nalapha futhi, zokuxhumana lalela, uzwe (banamuhla. "Lalela") sikhona ngokuvumelana izichazamazwi etimpologicheskim, ngakho sathi kusho lomkhuba wokuthi sinyamalale noma bawela lingasetshenziswa, akunakwenzeka.

Kodwa izwi akuyona Phaeton archaism. Phela, chaises, evulekile strollers ezine-ezinamasondo, asetshenziselwa ayisekho, futhi njalo uzohlala isihloko esidlule.

Ngakho, historicism - yilokho ephawula inkathi. La mazwi ziye zaphelelwa isikhathi nge asho into noma izinto ukuthi zichaza. Archaisms - iphelelwe isikhathi inkulumo iyunithi. Baye yasetshenziswa ngempumelelo namuhla, uma babengazange kwaphoqa amafomu entsha.