Ukwakheka Morphemic kwamagama zanamuhla futhi esibalulekile: isibonelo. izinguquko Historical ku Ukwakheka morphemic yamagama

Morphemic yokwakheka amazwi ekuthuthukiseni ulimi musa ukuhlala njalo okufanayo. kugucuka zomlando eziye zenzeka ngolimi, babe elisekela ethintekile. isakhiwo Morphemic ishintshile ngenxa izinqubo ezithile, okuyinto thina ngazo kulesi sihloko.

Zomlando ushintsho okungumsu

I element eyinhloko izwi kwetinhlavu yolimi lwanamuhla Russian oluyisisekelo indlela esuselwe futhi okungezona esuselwe. Indlela lasungulwa ngesikhathi ekuthuthukiseni ulimi yomlando siyashintsha. Futhi ngisho Ukwakheka morphemic ka izwi ishintshile kwezinye izimo. Ngesikhathi enhliziyweni abaningi balahlekelwa incazelo yabo morpheme. Nasi isibonelo. Ngesikhathi inhliziyo West ngaphambi izwi morpheme za- okwakubaluleke aduduze. Kuwo wonke umlando, uye walahlekelwa ke. Ngakho, isisekelo isibe non-esuselwe.

Ukuze uthole imininingwane ekushintsheni indlela yokwakheka morphemic

Ukwakheka Akunjalo ngempela morphemic ka izwi kwashintsha umlando, + njengasosukwini lokungivivinya isibonelo ngenhla. Kuphela ezimweni ezimbalwa, ungakwazi ukukhuluma ngakho. Ngolimi lwanamuhla, amazwi amaningi amalungu morpheme ngendlela efanayo njengoba esikhathini esidlule. Kodwa namuhla kukhona izibonelo eziningi lapho ulahlekelwa uxhumano yabo ngesisekelo sokuqala kwamiswa kuyiphi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungenzeka ukuthi izwi iqala zilandise kuphela ingxenye elisekela esikhiqiza, hhayi ngokuphelele nalo. Ukwakheka Morphemic ishintshile kulezi zimo. We bakutshele mayelana nezizathu lapho kukhona ushintsho olufanayo.

Izizathu ushintsho isakhiwo morphological

Okokuqala, ezikhathini eziningi umehluko odidanayo lucebe ayisisekelo, indlela kwehlisa phambi esithela esuselwe, kukhona abanye. Ngokwesibonelo, e isiRashiya namuhla akuyona ukuhlanganisa semantic zamagama ezifana Umpheme (yendlu) kanye iphiko (inyoni), ngoba manje ezahlukene value. Nokho, kwaphawuleka kule Old. Ngokusekelwe kulezi amazwi akuhambisani njengoba esuselwe futhi esikhiqiza.

Esinye isizathu esenza izinguquko ebonwe isakhiwo morphemic - isakhiwo umsindo wamazwi, engesiyo njalo uhlala okufanayo. Nazi ezinye izibonelo. Amagama lisibekele pillowcase, udonse, ukuthi amafu asibekela - impande olufanayo, kodwa abe ezahlukene isakhiwo morphological. Izisetshenziswa ezilethwayo lezisekelo - imvilophi (ob Wolak willow-Th), pillowcase (ku-to-ukuhudulwa a), udonse (e zazikhishwa-a). A ifu kanye igobolondo baba non-esuselwe njengoba they siguqule isimo sokubala ukulahlekelwa umsindo "e". Modern mlando Ukwakheka morphemic kwamagama, ngakho kulezi zimo akufani.

Esinye isizathu - ukulahlekelwa amazwi ezihlobene noma correlative roomates yokukhiqiza lezisekelo kusichazamazwi. Nakhu kungaletha zanamuhla izibonelo Russian ulimi elisekela non-esuselwe - umshayeli, indophi ihembe. Ngoba isichazamazwi okwamanje lehla correlative roomates nemikhiqizo elisekela (ama - kokuma endleleni; dada - umphini kokuba isibambo crank; deda - endwangwini).

Modern mlando Ukwakheka morphemic yamagama kwezinye izimo akufani ngenxa isakhiwo elikhiqizayo yohlobo kwethonya indlela akheke ngayo amagama etymologically elingalodwa, okusho izinhlobo ze-non-elikhiqizayo. Ngokwesibonelo, i-umbrella kuyinto abadabuka kwamanye amazwe. Ekuqaleni le nkulumo ukubuqonda njengoba impande. Nokho, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, by Isifaniso ngala mazwi Russian umlomo, umsila njll Yaqala amalungu zont- based (non-esuselwe) kanye -IR Isijobelelo.

izinguquko Kubhekiwe ngokomlando ukwakheka morphemic zamagama ezimweni ezithile wabhekisela inkinga, kabusha ukunwetshwa kanye nohlaka yokuncishiswa. Sichaza ngamunye wabo.

yokuncishiswa

It is abe-non-esuselwe amazwi izisekelo esuselwe. Kulokhu, lo somabhizinisi ilahlekelwa chlenimost ku morpheme. Yokuncishiswa linendima ebalulekile ngolimi. Siyabonga kuye, it is ahlanganiswe impande amazwi non-esuselwe. Ngolimi zikhona izikhungo ezintsha ka kwemagama. Izibonelo: ... Impumelelo - et eyimpumelelo al njll Spekhov-ngokuphamazela, bacule - ezivuthiwe, njll Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngenxa yokuncishiswa tijobelelo derivational ku isigaba engatheli. Ngezinye izikhathi lapho bese uqedela zinyamalala, elibuye kushintsha isakhiwo morphemic. Isibonelo: emazwini izisekelo endala kuqala, uhlobo lokuqala, okuyinto, ngolimi lwanamuhla non-esuselwe, hhayi ngamnyama le -p- Isijobelelo. I isijobelelo efanayo uphonse umfowabo izwi.

Izizathu yokuncishiswa

Ngayohlinzwa yokuncishiswa izwi sifanamsindvo ihlazo Red Palace. Zaba-non-esuselwe ngoba walahlekelwa ngesikhathi ukusetshenziswa enenjongo ngokuqondene lawo mazwi bekene kanye kwakhiwa. Izibonelo: ihlazo - abukhali, obomvu (umbala) - ubuhle esigodlweni - egcekeni.

Ukwakheka Morphemic we titfo tenkhulumo ishintshile ngenxa izinqubo ifonotiki at ngesisekelo amagama alandelayo: Motley, gwedla, ushonile. Balahlekelwe uxhumene izisekelo, kubani, futhi ayisekho ukwaba morpheme ehlukile (ezimibalabala - ubhale gwedla - lokuthwala, umufi - elele).

Izizathu eziholela yokuncishiswa, ongasebenza kanyekanye, aphambana. Ngenxa zonke lezi izinqubo akuzona efanayo isakhiwo yesimanje kanye mlando morphemic. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuntuleka relatedness phakathi core - ukudla - Ubuthi, umsindo - ukukhala, izibopho - ifindo - Union - ulimi - kuwumphumela hhayi kuphela waphawula phakathi la mazwi, igebe semantic, kodwa futhi umphumela wezinguquko ifonotiki ezenzeke lezisekelo zawo.

kabusha ukunwetshwa

Phinda ukunwetshwa kuyinto uhlelo lokuhlelwa kabusha ngamunye ngaphakathi morpheme izwi, okuholela yokuthi base (i-esuselwe okusele) e ngezithako zawo uqokomisa morpheme ezithile. Ngokwesibonelo, izilwane, umoya wokushisekela babe Isijobelelo -Ingxenye (hhayi -skeleton), ukukhuluma labaphilayo izwi wokwakha ukuxhumana. Iqiniso lokuthi tichasiso which they akhiwa (zhivny, umoya wokushisekela), kungukuthi asetshenziswa yolimi lwanamuhla. Isijobelelo -nost- maqondana Isijobelelo -ost- isuselwe. Kuyinto inhlanganisela yalezi tijobelelo ezimbili: - n, okuyinto waqunywa wasuka phansi isiphawulo kanye - emgogodleni.

Ezemfundo ka -skeleton -nost esuselwe - ukubonakaliswa uhlobo inqubo obuhambisana kabusha ukwandiswa esikhathini Russian ulimi eziyisisekelo. Ungomunye bheke amuncwa umzimba ngomunye, noma Ukuqedwa eyodwa noma nezinye kubo ihlumela. Ngokwesibonelo, induku core, singakwazi ukuhlonza Isijobelelo -lisch-, okubandakanya e ubulungu bayo nezinye -l-. Isijobelelo Kugcine libhekisela izwi badoba lost yolimi lwanamuhla.

Ukunikeza ukunwetshwa nakho kungaba phakathi impande kanye okunamathiselwe. Ngokwesibonelo, isenzo yasetshenziselwa ukususa CH Isiqalo, futhi uyalilandela le -ya- impande. Namuhla, leli gama ihlukaniswe kanje: c-aes (ezinhlanu).

okusho reexpansion

Inqubo kabusha ukunwetshwa kuthuthukisa ulimi yokuthi kukhona onobuhle entsha kwakhiwa kwemagama affixes futhi abe nesikhathi elikhiqizayo. Ngokuvamile, ngale ndlela kumiswa tijobelelo entsha: - ochk- (cost-amaphoyinti-a), -ink- (uthuli-Inc.-a), -nost (ibizo-ness). Okuningi zimane zivele aduduze (obez-, nebez-, baqonde), okuyizinto umphumela ekubumbaneni ezinye aduduze ezimbili (inkawu-Volet, nebez-Darney, ngaphansi ngakunye).

Isifaniso

Ukuze uphinde ukuwathuthukisa yokuncishiswa izisekelo ngokuvamile kuholele izinhlobo ezahlukene zokuchaza. Ngu mithandazo kwakusho nokwenziwa izinhlobo izwi esisodwa akha elinye, ineluhlelo ahlobene. Ngenxa wakhe, ngokuvamile ishintshe zomlando Ukwakheka morphemic yamagama. Analogy - inqubo yemvelo ukuthi kwenzeka ngolimi. izinhlobo abakhiqizi of bumbela futhi bheke ngenxa wesenzo ufaniswa uhlobo oluthile amafomu elikhiqizayo futhi amazwi. Uma lokhu lost on yangaphambili chlenimost morpheme noma uhlamvu yabo esuselwe.

Ngo yolimi lwanamuhla Russian eziningi amafomu umsuka senzo Isifaniso lesibopho. Kahle kahle, lokhu Ukuvalwa emabito -S aphakathi nendawo kanye wesilisa, -S, -S (wahlala ah, ah-indlu, indlu-s, s-sahlala). Bavele ngenxa izinhlobo ezifanayo amabizo isifazane (izincwadi am - Buffet ekuseni, kunokuba ithebula-th). Umphumela waba kabusha ukunwetshwa isisekelo sayo (esikhundleni izincwadi - izincwadi). Yashintsha umlando kakhulu isakhiwo morphemic.

Vor- kusukela seligama kwamiswa ukuvula. Lokhu kwenzeke isiqalo Isihlobo. Leli gama yabekwa ithonya elinye - ukudala. Ngenxa yalokho, efanayo ukuvula-ukudala isisekelo sokuqala yabekwa kabusha ukunwetshwa. Iqala kumiswa conceptualized njengokuba o- Isiqalo. Ngakho ngolimi entsha base kwemagama (lapho-do phezu-do, do-izinhlanga, nokunye. D.).

inkinga

Kwezinye izimo, isenzo noma nesenzakalo amazwi acishe afane nawo ukuthi zihlobene nokuba ngesisekelo non-esuselwe, kuholela inkinga lakamuva. Ngenxa yalokhu, kuba esuselwe, okungukuthi, uqala ukuhlukana.

yezinkinga Process okuphambene okuxoxwe inqubo contact yokuncishiswa. Lokhu ukuguqulwa ibe esuselwe base, okuyinto ngaphambili-non-esuselwe. Ikakhulu, i-oqoshiwe izwi Russian lathathwa isiFulentshi, conceptualized ekuqaleni njengezigqila ezingewona ama-esuselwe. Kodwa uma ohlelweni yolimi lwethu sekukhona ukuboleka ngasekupheleni engraver uqophe kuwo "kuyinkimbinkimbi". Leli gama waba esuselwe. Kusobala impande grav- nesijobelelo -ur-. Lolu hlobo ushintsho lwaluthatha isikhathi eziningi amazwi loan. Ngokwesibonelo, neziyaluyalu, ungumGreki ngokuzalwa, ngaphambili njalo non-esuselwe. Nokho, ngenxa yokuthi lolu limi ezihlobene wakhe sokungalalelwa kwemithetho, eneziphithiphithi, anarchist, nabanye. Waqala ukwabelana. Ngakho kwamiswa-non-esuselwe isisekelo anarh- nesijobelelo s j-.

morpheme ukunqwabelanisa

Ivelele, ngaphandle imihlola oshiwo ngenhla, futhi ukunqunywa morpheme. Kwenzeka lapho kwalabo ukuthi uvumelane okufanayo. Ngokwesibonelo, kungenzeka phakathi substrate kanye nesijobelelo (Dynamo - Dynamo + Izimvu Sverdlovskii - Sverdlovsk + isibhakabhaka). Nokho, ukunqunywa azinakwenzeka uma sikhuluma impande nokududuza (Irtysh, Zaamure).

Zonke izinguquko ngenhla isakhiwo izwi (kwetintfo, kabusha ukunwetshwa, yokuncishiswa) bathi ukwakheka morphemic washintsha in the inqubo yentuthuko zomlando limi. Zonke yalezi zinguquko, ukutadisha etymology. Ithi, ekuphetheni amagama ambalwa ngayo.

etymology

Etymology - isifundiso imvelaphi yamagama ahlukene. nesenzakalo yabo okutholakalayo ngokusebenzisa ukuhlaziywa etymological. Lokhu kusinikeza ithuba ukuthola zomlando izwi ukwakha isibopho, owawungumnyaka isakhiwo sokuqala morphemic kule noma ukuthi izwi, kanye izizathu ngalo uye washintsha kusukela esethulweni.