Kazakhstan: namaminerali yezwe, inyamazane yawo. namaminerali Ore Kazakhstan

Ngemva kokuwa kweSoviet Union, onke amehlo babegxile Russia. Kodwa uma ngokucophelela ukufunda ibalazwe, ungabona ukuthi endaweni efanayo ngisho isimo esisodwa esikhulu, bangazihluphi indawo lesishiyagalolunye simo emhlabeni lamazwe ngobukhulu - Kazakhstan.

Izingxenye ezimbili zezwe

Igama isimo akuniké elithi "Kazakh", okuyinto has a umsuka Turkish futhi kusho kuyafana ukushintshashintsha Russian "Cossack" yayo - ". Indoda khulula" abantu Mahhala ayenayo indawo ayehlala ukuzulazula, ngoba ngisho kusukela ezingaphezu kuka 2.7 million amakhilomitha zamanje square komhlaba endaweni ingaphezu kwamaphesenti angu-amane iyihlane. Futhi uma sicabanga lulwimi ehlane, khona-ke le nsimu cishe lingenamuntu ithatha cishe ayisithupha amaphesenti Kazakhstan.

Lesi simo - omunye ambalwa kabani indawo itholakala izingxenye ezimbili zomhlaba - eYurophu nase-Asia. Okusanda ukungafani zenzeka kwencazelo imingcele yezwe. Uma ngaphambili umngcele idwetshwa egudle uMfula Ural, kodwa kwamanje ososayensi uyavuma ukuthi kubalulekile ukuba bayeke ngaphezulu yezintaba zase-Ural. Kungakhathaliseki imithombo noma ukuthatha, noma imingcele ephakathi izingxenye zezwe hhayi lwenziwa, kuba ingxenye enkulu ye Kazakhstan ungaphakathi Asia, kanye ezincane - eYurophu.

Ekuqaleni, bakhona ngaphezulu zaziletha ngokwazo Kazakhs. Kodwa kusukela eSoviet Union, lapho yayikhona ukuthuthela kwamanye amazwe kwenqwaba abahlali kuleli zwe - kuhlengwe yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe, ukuthuthukiswa kwamazwe virgin - ukwakheka ngokobuhlanga ukuthi ezihlukahlukene State kuluthola. Ikakhulukazi anda ukugeleza ababaleki, lapho bethola ezifakwa ezinkulu izidubedube Kazakhstan. Futhi ukuthuthukiswa imali yabo okwafika njengezwi umkhakha izidingo Soviet.

Periodic Table ezibilinini

Ngamagama yokwakheka komhlaba Kazakhstan amumethe izidubedube. Ekujuleni ngalesi simo kufihliwe cishe etafuleni wonke gqwa. Amakhulu akuphelele izakhi zamakhemikhali uhlole idiphozithi yanoma ayisikhombisa. Ngesikhathi ukukhiqizwa esifanayo ayisithupha wabo ezihambayo ngejubane. Lesi sikhundla kunenzuzo yezwe nezinqalasizinda ezimiselwe ezihlukahlukene izakhiwo Geological ku insimu enkulu enjalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwaba ngesisekelo isakhiwo Geological ukuze namaminerali Kazakhstan zitholakala cishe ngqo yonkana izifunda zezwe. Kuze kube manje, kukhona amasimu kungathi izingalo ezingamakhulu amahlanu eziqukethe ezingaphezu kwenkulungwane izinhlobo namaminerali. Ngeshwa, nezindawo eziseqhulwini elaliyiSoviet Union zathiya ukuthuthukiswa kwezinsiza ezindaweni ezahlukene. amasheya Ngakho omkhulu ezinye izisetshenziswa Kazakhstan ngezindlela eziningi athuthukile.

Northern endaweni

Land of Northern Kazakhstan kuyinto maphakathi nsimbi umkhakha, ukukhonza njengephayona umthombo izinto zokusetshenziswa ukwenziwa aluminium negolide. Okubekiwe of magnetite imikhando futhi burozheleznyakovyh izigidigidi amathani. Futhi yena yezimayini esifundeni isikhathi eside. Athuthukisiwe ne-zinc okwami kanye ngobukhulu ezweni elaliyiSoviet Union asbestos imali. Ngaphandle kwezinto ezibalwe ngenhla, amaminerali Northern Kazakhstan - a ezifakwa abalulekile imikhando nge wokuqukethwe lelisetulu nickel, ayibe, ithini tantalum, futhi titanium, kodwa zisatholakala kule esiteji ukuthuthukiswa. Lamagama efanayo - okubhekwe ukuthuthukiswa - kusebenza idiphozi eziyingqayizivele amadayimane ezimbonini. Ngiyajabula kuphela yokuthi izimayini akuyona simisiwe, futhi kancane kancane baqala igcwaliseke. Ngokwesibonelo, waqala ukuthuthukiswa imikhando ocebile zinc, ku Shaimerden ensimini.

Orient

Mineral umnotho East Kazakhstan ethulwa ngokuyinhloko imikhando polymetallic. Lokhu kungenxa kakhulu lomthofu ne-zinc, kanye okuyinto lethusi ekhishwe netshe, futhi igolide ne-platinum izakhi eziyigugu. Lezi zindawo bengenayo angaphezu kwamashumi amane angu zigcine we Kazakh igolide. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isimo Kuyakhuthaza bona elikhulu Kazakh izinqolobane empumalanga titanium imikhando hhayi kuphela ezobhekwa, kodwa naye waqala ukuba athuthukiswe.

Central Kazakhstan

Yamalahle imicengezi kuleli zwe idume kakhulu Central Kazakhstan. Amaminelali ngaphandle carbon okuqinile - lokhu ore ngokuqukethwe okusezingeni eliphezulu manganese, tungsten molybdenum. Border izifunda zezwe kuyinto ngempela ezivamile. esifundeni Central kuyinto ukuxhumana nezinye izifunda, ngakho zigcine lomthofu ne-zinc, okuyinto zitholakala main enyakatho nasempumalanga Kazakhstan babe ezifakwa maphakathi yezwe.

South Kazakhstan

emazweni Wik bahlukaniswa nezinye izifunda isimo, ngisho emaphakathi, ehlane. Ngakho-ke, kufanele esiyingqayizivele, ngokungafani nezinye izingxenye Kazakhstan, imali. Imali ye -uranium-ore eningizimu yezwe kukhona lesibili ngobukhulu emhlabeni, amaphesenti angaphezu kwangu-amabili zigcine ezweni. Zasungula indlela yesimanje kunazo - by e-situ leaching. Ngaphandle-uranium-ore, eningizimu Kazakhstan idume idwala phosphate imali.

emazweni aseNtshonalanga

Cishe zonke hydrocarbon izinqolobane zitholakala amazwe Western Kazakhstan. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uwoyela igodla lizwe phakathi kweshumi phezulu uthi emhlabeni, kanye negesi izinqolobane - amabili phezulu. Ngaphandle hydrocarbon, entshonalanga nezintathu ekhishwe potassium nosawoti boron futhi ngokwemvelo chromite.

Abaholi emhlabeni

Izinhlobo zezinto izakhiwo Geological kuye kwaholela yokuthi uma kuziwa mayelana Kazakhstan, izidubedube yezwe, ake asho: kwezinye izindawo babenza anesikhundla ehamba phambili emhlabeni. Ngakho-ke akukho lutho isimanga yokuthi kuleli zwe emhlabeni izinqolobane elikhulu imikhando equkethe zinc, i-tungsten barite. indawo Okwesibili esiliveni emhlabeni, phambili futhi chromite. Kazakhstan liphakathi imibuso yezwe ezinhlanu eziphezulu osayizi ore equkethe zethusi, molybdenum, igolide, futhi fluorite. Kodwa uma uphishekela ukuhlolwa kwezomnotho ukusetshenziswa izidubedube, ebaluleke kakhulu emnothweni isimo kuyoba nowoyela.

izimayini zamalahle

Ekuqaleni, umthombo oyinhloko Kazakhstan isinyathelo amalahle. ukukhula abadumile (ngenxa ibinzana catch) Karaganda iphutha ngenxa izidingo abasha likahulumeni waseSoviet e ilahle. izindawo Unpopulated ngesikhathi Central Kazakhstan abangu lucwaningwa khona amalahle yekhulu nesishiyagalolunye, kodwa nemizana abasebenzi kuqala yavela lapha kuphela amabili ekuqaleni. Kodwa ngenkuthalo ukuthuthukisa Karaganda amalahle umcengezi lwaluqala namathathu banesifo esibi kwekhulu elidlule, lapho leli zwe kubhekene isidingo ahlekise amafutha kanye izinto zokusetshenziswa for the umkhakha steel. Phela, lendawo amalahle coking, kuphumele high ezifunwayo embonini. Ngakho-ke, the original pre-impi ezimayini Kazakhstan lancipha amalahle isizukulwane. Esikhathini esiyiminyaka yentuthuko asebenzayo of izimayini zamalahle ezindaweni ezisenyakatho more zasendle burozheleznyakovyh imikhando. Lokhu kwakumane kuyisiqalo sokwanda okusheshayo Metallurgical umkhakha Kazakhstan. Kuze kube manje, lo wathola Karaganda amalahle umcengezi 80 coalbed 120 amamitha aminyene futhi isitsha amathani 45 bhiliyoni. izindawo yakhe zitholakala ezindaweni ezintathu emaphakathi yezwe. Izimayini zamalahle seziqalile ku Ekibastuz amalahle umcengezi.

hydrocarbon

Ngemva kokuwa kweSoviet Union - uwoyela omhlaba anothile kanye negesi kusukela umhlaba - Emazweni amaningi post-Soviet sincike Russia, ngoba lezi hydrocarbon izinqolobane Kwasakazwa Ukuboshelwa ezweni lonke. Kodwa awazange bancishwa Kazakhstan. Minerals equkethe hydrocarbon, e-United elalisanda kumiswa ababeqé. Okwesibili ngobungako okuthunyelwe reserves, nabanye - igesi yemvelo. Kodwa ukuthuthukiswa engavamile uwoyela negesi umkhakha ezweni elaliyiSoviet Union ngezindlela ezimbili abathintekayo embonini ngesikhathi wokuzibusa Kazakhstan. Ngakolunye uhlangothi - idiphozi ocebile. Ngokusho zigcine namafutha emathunjini omhlaba, Kazakhstan iqembu ehamba phambili emhlabeni wonke, ukuba cishe amabili angu zonke ezifakwa uhlole umkhiqizo emhlabeni, okuyinto yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezine abaphathwa amathani. Kancane esingaphansi kule igesi yemvelo izinqolobane Kazakhstan: kuphesenteji ngokuya inani global - mayelana ngephesenti elilodwa, okuyinto abangaba izigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezimbili cubic metres. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuleli ukugxila isizinda Union uwoyela eSiberia kanye negesi kwaholela yokuthi isiqondiso Kazakhstan kade lingaphansi athuthukile kuka esimweni engumakhelwane.

amaminerali ore

namaminerali Ore kabanzi Kazakhstan. Amasheya nsimbi tibheke emazweni esenyakatho isimo, lapho kukhona cishe amaphesenti angu-zigcine Imininingwane yezwe ayisishiyagalombili nanhlanu. Ezinye ezifakwa ore ziphezulu ukuze okuqukethwe yensimbi kuzo mkhulu kwelilodwa kwesigamu emkhandweni wensimbi. Kodwa abavamile Kazakh ore isizinda ibe ngaphezu kwamashumi amane amaphesenti yensimbi.

Ayisishiyagalolunye nesishiyagalolunye amaphesenti chromium ezifakwa esisogwini eningizimu sikhuthazeke Ural ezintabeni, okuyinto abashiwo Kazakhstan Mugodzhary. State libonisa lesibili emhlabeni ngokuya izimayini chromite.

Manganese-ore ezifakwa wendawo, enezela volume of CIS yesibili, ngu-27% okuqukethwe lensimbi.

izimayini zethusi kuleli zwe wenziwa amasimu efanayo (Zhezkazgan, orel, uNicholas) isikhathi eside, elibangela ukukhathala zabo kancane kancane. Ngakho-ke, kwenziwa yonke imizamo ukuze nokuthuma ukuthuthukiswa entsha Eastern Kazakhstan. Ngesikhathi esifanayo search for imikhando zethusi abazenzi ezindaweni Central and Western yezwe.

Nalapha futhi, uma sikhuluma Kazakhstan, amaminerali wezwe equkethe igolide, Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi le ukukhiqizwa ensimbini eyigugu kwaba isici ekuqaleni ezivelayo kuphela ekuthuthukiseni polymer imikhando. Manje ukuthuthukiswa igolide iqhutshwa 16 izifunda zezwe. Uhlole kanye namasimu 190, negolide izinqolobane Kazakhstan lifaka lesihlanu emhlabeni. Manje ezisebenza kwezimayini zegolide elisekelwa igolide phezu engamashumi amahlanu ezayo.

amaminerali nonmetallic

Mineral nomnotho Kazakhstan ayigcini imikhando namalahle. Isimo amumethe imali asbestos eziningi zazo etholakala Zhetygarinskom futhi Zhezkaganskom Amasimu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, insimu eningizimu Mugodzhar ocebile lesi sici, nakuba kancane uye wakwenza ngokuzimisela athuthukile.

Ezimayini e Kazakhstan kakhulu athuthukiswe isiqondiso ukususwa kusukela emathunjini omhlaba phosphate. Izitoke izakhi phosphorus eningizimu yezwe singesesibili emhlabeni by volume, futhi okuqukethwe umkhiqizo eziyinhloko olungenakuqhathaniswa.

Ngaphandle kwalezi izakhi nonmetallic e le iCaspian ukucindezeleka Kazakhstan Kutholwe engakaze ibonwe amasheya nosawoti. Hlukanisa kwezakhi usawoti eziveza idlule amakhilomitha amabili.

Kufinyeta bonke ngenhla, siphawula ukuthi izwe ligcwele ezifakwa ahlukahlukene. Minerals weRiphabhulikhi Kazakhstan babe eliphezulu kakhulu. Kodwa, ngeshwa, ukuthuthukiswa kwabo akusho ngaso sonke isikhathi kugcinwe ngaso ezingeni elifanele. A kubaluleke kakhulu ukuze umnotho isimo has nezimayini zamalahle, uwoyela negesi.