Ukuvela umthetho kanye nezici zayo

Ukuvela umthetho - omunye ezilukhuni iningi theory zomthetho. WayeyiZwi impikiswano, njengoba iminyaka ambalwa edlule futhi namuhla. Kunoma ikuphi, ngasinye ukubukwa unelungelo lokuthathwa njengomsulwa khona. Izizathu ezidume kakhulu okwenziwe ilungelo, ungafunda ngokufunda isihloko.

umphakathi bakudala

Omunye iphuzu ethandwa kakhulu umbono wukuthi ukuvela ilungelo wayesekhona Inkathi bakudala uhlelo ohlanganyelwe lasendulo. Kukholakala ukuthi ngalezo zinsuku neyodwa kwezinkambiso lasekuqaleni.

UProfesa Malinowski futhi Sabo ukholelwa ukuthi indima izishayamthetho kwaba abadala noma abaholi esikhathini esinikeziwe. Kamuva isisekelo ukuvela amalungelo esiphathiswe iSonto, elawula umthetho.

lezisekelo Scientific emphakathini bakudala

Ukuvela amalungelo awunakuhlukaniswa ehlangene izinganekwane, amasiko, amasiko - lapha kuyofikwa inguquko abushelezi mononorm, okuyinto ethulwa ngomqondo elula, inkambiso komnotho, isimilo umthetho.

Kakade esikhathini we bakudala uhlelo ohlanganyelwe kunesokuqala sase siqalile ukuvunguza revolution Neolithic kufike emngceleni-clip. Ngenxa yalesi umqondo waqala ukuthatha balolonge isimiso historicism. I postulate siyisisekelo bolwazi lwabantu emhlabeni wesayensi eziningi, ezifana nefilosofi, ukuphathwa, kwabantu, nokunye. isetshenziswa Lomgomo, kuhlanganise, isifundo komthetho, ukukhanyisa izici ivelaphi, ukuhlonza mbono omusha nokunye.

Izizathu amalungelo ecasha kumiswa izinhlangano ezehlukene, okungukuthi, imindeni, imiphakathi. Ngokuqondene nalokhu kukhona kombuzo: is ilungelo khona? Ingabe khona inkampani inomthelela ukuthuthukiswa yayo, uma siqhathanisa lokhu kuthambekela ukuthuthukiswa isimo? Impendulo itholakala ngemibono eminingi ukuthi kwenzeke kwamanje.

ithiyori zenkolo

Ukuvela ilungelo ukuchaza imfundiso yokuziphendukela zenkolo. abalandeli bakhe baba foma Akvinsky futhi Avreliy Avgustin. Lo mbono kuyinto endala kakhulu, futhi isisekelo ukuthuthukiswa kanye nezinye izifundo imithetho imvelaphi.

Ngesisekelo theory zenkolo bafake umthetho kaNkulunkulu, okuyinto sewenziwe nguMdali. Abalandeli lo mbono bakholelwa ukuthi Umthetho wanikeza uNkulunkulu asinike isintu njengoba omunye izenzakalo zezwe. Njengoba i-agumenti ababhali ukusebenzisa isikhundla IBhayibili eliLizwi umthetho kubo bonke abantu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuthiwa lokhu umsuka amalungelo ngenxa leyo miyalo uNkulunkulu awunika uMose.

Abalandeli zithi ngesisekelo umthetho isigijimi saphezulu futhi intelligence saphezulu elawula izwe. Ibe isilandelwa umthetho wemvelo imfundiso yenkolo, okungukuthi, uhlelo lokuxhumana komphakathi, okuyinto baye basungula ngenxa ukuxhumana phakathi kwabantu.

Yiqiniso, lo mbono uye ubufakazi obungokwesayensi ahlolwa njengencenye zisekelwe kuphela amaqiniso inkolo nokholo. ubufakazi obuphathekayo ngenhla banikezwe abalobi kwemfundiso yokuziphendukela ayikwazanga ukuhola. Njengoba umkhuba sibonisa, baleli umbono jurists Muslim izazi emayunivesithi aseNtshonalanga Katolika.

Lesi sikole zomlando

Eyeza nezazi zezinkanyezi ezikhuluma amalungelo ethulwa ezihlukahlukene omkhulu, phakathi okuyinto endaweni ekhethekile kuhlala umqondo zomlando ngemvelaphi umthetho. Abalandeli kucatshangwa Savigny futhi uHugo. esikoleni somlando uhlobo upholavuthondaba emvelo umthetho theory. Umqondo wasungulwa ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19.

Ingqikithi ke ukuthi ilungelo akuyona into ozibekile, hhayi adalwe sivumele isishaya-mthetho, futhi kwakheka isisekelo ekuthuthukiseni zomlando. Ukuvela nokuthuthukisa umthetho, esekelwe imfundiso yokuziphendukela umlando, kuncike ezigabeni 2 lwabantu: izishayamthetho kanye abahluleli bewenza. Inhloso 1 iqembu ukucutshungulwa efanele komthetho, kanye ngesikhathi esifanele awulethe lesishaya. Njengoba abameli, umgomo wabo ukuba abambe futhi baveze namazwi abantu, ukwethula umbono e amafomula zomthetho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, unelungelo kuyothathwa ngempumelelo kuphela uma ngokugcwele kuhambisana yentuthuko yezenhlalakahle.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi lo mbono kunezinzuzo ezithile kanye nobubi obuthile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, sibalula ekuthuthukiseni zomlando, okuyinto esivela kumiswa yonke into ephilayo emhlabeni. Futhi ngakolunye, awangaphelela kubhekwe nezinye izici kumiswa kwezinkambiso zomthetho.

Yemvelo umthetho imfundiso yokuziphendukela umthetho

Gugo Grotsy noJean-Zhak Russo Abalandeli komthetho eyeza nezazi zezinkanyezi ezikhuluma engokwemvelo umthetho. Bathi ngaphezu kwezinkambiso eyasungulwa isimo, kukhona ingxenye ebalulekile futhi engokwemvelo imithetho ukuthi imvelo akudalile. ithiyori Yemvelo uthi sizalwa nawo wonke umuntu kusukela ekuzalweni. Ngisho kwamanje, jurists yesimanje ukwabelana ilungelo ngamaqembu amabili: omuhle futhi umthetho wemvelo. Lokhu kuhlukaniswa is semthethweni ngokusebenzisa Grotius futhi Rousseau.

Laba balobi baphawula ukuthi amalungelo yemvelo kube yinto eza kuqala phezu omuhle, njengoba kungekho kusukela ekuzalweni, kungakhathaliseki imithetho eyasungulwa isimo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yezizathu ukuvela theory amalungelo alichazi, njengoba kunenkolelo ukuthi wonke umuntu kusukela ekuzalweni iba umnikazi ilungelo inalienable.

ithiyori zokulawula

Izimbangela kwesokudla uchaza omunye umbono - zokulawula. It libhekene ukuqina, njengoba igatsha zokulawula wabonakala emazweni ase-Asia, lapho imithetho zomthetho esiqinile esungulwe kuze kube yilolu suku.

Kuwufanele benaka yokuthi izimo zezulu bese kwendawo ezinzima, kanye nenhlangano ledzingekako kwezempi ezabangela ukuba kube wobushiqela kweluhlelo lwahulumende ngalokuyimphumelelo. Ingqikithi yalo umbono uwukuthi isidingo ukwenza umyalelo eligxilile yonke imikhakha yempilo yomphakathi kanye nomphakathi.

Njengoba kuboniswa okuhlangenwe nakho zomlando, amalungiselelo zokulawula ezidingekayo zonke izigaba lokuthuthukiswa kwabantu, kodwa ukubonakala amalungelo endawo nempahla izakhamuzi, isimo, amalungelo ngokokuziphatha nangokomthetho, umthetho lobugebengu, kanye nezinye izikhungo kanye umkhakha alawulwa esikhethwe igunya olusemthethweni lwezwe.

Yokubuyisana imfundiso yokuziphendukela umsuka

Abadali nomqondo wokubuyisana ezibhekwa Berman futhi Anners. Abalobi ukukhuluma ngayo ngokuyinhloko ngenjongo ilungelo. Berman futhi Anners umbono wakho ngokuqondene nalokho imithetho zomthetho olwenziwa kuphela inxushunxushu. Ngakho, emphakathini tribal kumelwe libe sesilinganisweni esikahle hhayi ukuba axazulule le-Public Relations futhi ukuxazulula izingxabano.

Imfundiso kaMarx imithetho Lokudabuka

Ukuvela komthetho we-civil, umthetho lobugebengu, kanye eziningi nezinye izimboni wachaza ngokugcwele theory kaMarx. nenkulumo-ze yabo ngentshiseko olwenziwa eSoviet Union, njengoba umbhali, njengoba ungase ukuqagela, babe Marx, Engels, Umshicilelo Lenin nezinye jurists Soviet.

Ingqikithi yalo umbono uwukuthi izinhlinzeko zomthetho baveze Isigaba sezinhlamvu futhi intando lesigaba esibusayo. Futhi nangu isakhi ledzingekako isimo sezenhlalo isimo somnotho. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi isikole has a lot of izinzuzo, okuyilezi:

1. Lwenza kokuhlaziya indima ubudlelwane kwezomnotho nasemphakathini kanye athembele umthetho.
2. Theory kusikisela ukuthi ubunkimbinkimbi izakhiwo zomphakathi kudinga izilawuli zokulawula eziphambili kakhulu.
3. Abaningi ezikhumbuzo anikezelwe amalungelo kuveza intando lesigaba esibusayo, futhi, ngakho-ke, indima yalesi simiso cishe engenakwenzeka inselelo.

Nokho, lapha kukhona nemiphumela ethile engathandeki ezithile: ekuphakameni ngokweqile indima emnothweni ekukhanyeni isibuyekezo yamazinga kwezomthetho, underestimation zezici isiko, inkolo kanye nesimo, kanye nokuntuleka ezimali ye ubudlelwano benezinto amazwe.