Amazing izindikimba zasezulwini: imidondoshiya ezithandekayo izinkanyezi, okuyizinto ezincane Sun.

Kakade ekuqaleni isintu abantu basendulo waphenduka amehlo abo esibhakabhakeni ebusuku. Izazi zezinkanyezi impucuko yokuqala uzama ubale izinkanyezi, eyayibonakala sebethula kubo amaphuzu phakade esinqunyiwe kwesibhakabhaka. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, isayensi iye savela, imibono mayelana nezwe nesayensi yokuhlolwa kwezinkanyezi. Nokho, isithakazelo zasemkhathini anda kuphela.

ezimangalisayo Star

Ezikhathini zanamuhla, kuye kwatholakala ukuthi zonke lezi zinkanyezi ukuthi kukhona emincane noma emikhulu kunalokhu Sun, nemizimba, efana inkanyiso yethu. Kodwa ngemva kwamakhulu zocwaningo Basaba baye ayivezi yonke izimfihlakalo zayo esintwini. Ngo astronomy yesimanje kanye isayensi yokuma kwezinto ezisemkhathini ngokoqobo njalo ngemva kweminyaka embalwa zenziwa okutholakele kwemilingo. kungazelelwe Babuza ososayensi puzzle emangalisayo noma ukushintsha imibono yethu mayelana nohlobo izinto. Izinkanyezi ukuthi kukhona ngokuzumayo ilanga ezincane kukhanye ngokuphindwe izikhathi eziyinkulungwane licace kakhulu kuye, sekuyizinkulungwane zeminyaka iphuzu waphawula emkhathini kukhona wonke isimiso izinkanyiso eziningana nokunye. Lokhu senqwaba inkanyezi esiseduzane ohlelweni lwethu , u-Alpha Centauri, lapho bezungeza ezivamile maphakathi mass uzungeza ezintathu umzimba kushisa.

Inkanyezi enkulu zalesi simiso Centauri A alunywe ngaphezulu izibani zethu zokuzalwa, kuyilapho asele izinkanyezi ezimbili kukhona lincane kunelanga. Esikhathini umbhalo olandelayo sizothatha sihlolisise ezinye zalezi izinto ezimangalisayo endaweni yonke.

Izinkanyezi, okuyinto zibaluleke kakhulu ukwedlula Welanga

Emthaleni wethu, abaningi abanjalo emizimbeni: giant izinkanyezi, subgiants, supergiants, hypergiants. Ngokwesibonelo, isisindo supergiants ikhayeni lingadlula solar 10-20. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ubukhulu kungase kube ngaphezu kwamaminithi izibani zethu emakhulwini kukhanye izikhathi futhi izinkulungwane zezikhathi licace. umbala wabo oluhlaza ukhombisa izinga lokushisa kwe-eyesabekayo. Isibonelo isihlabani Rigel - umzimba bhá e umlaza i-Orion. Kodwa ngisho nala izilinganiso zobukhulu kanye namathuluzi luminosity kuwubala uma kuqhathaniswa izinto omkhulu ngempela. Izinkanyezi ezinkulu yomkhathi wethu kukhona okuthiwa imidondoshiya Hyper. Ummeleli ejwayelekile alesi sigaba kuyoba izikhathi eziningana omkhulu ezingaphezu kuka-Rigel ngisho giant, nezikhathi 200-250 omkhulu ezingaphezu kuka ilanga lethu. Nokho, izinto ezifana kukhona kunalokho ezingavamile endaweni yonke. Ngokuthakazelisayo, bungakanani ubude bokuphila kwabo incane ngokwanele izindinganiso lezinkanyezi. Ziyakwazi kukhanye emangalisayo elikhanyayo, ngezinye izikhathi outshining lonke imithala, Nokho, ngokushesha uqede izimpahla zabo nophethiloli.

Izinkanyezi ukuthi mancane Sun.

Phila izinkanyezi eside elincane ukuthi umnotho futhi kancane kokuzama iyikho. Izinkanyezi ukuthi kukhona lincane kunelanga, zibuthuntu ngokuvamile ngaphezulu. Ngenxa yalesi zohlobo kukhona dwarfs eziningi: orange, obomvu, ensundu, emhlophe. By the way, inkanyezi yethu futhi kuyinto yemifino ophuzi. Inkanyezi Epsilon Eridani e umlaza futhi utfolakala kuluhlobo ophuzi yemifino, kodwa isisindo salo kancane esingaphansi solar - 85%, kanye luminosity kwezingu-% 28 kuphela uma kuqhathaniswa ne ukukhanya ukukhanya kwethu. izakhiwo Okumangalisayo baye okuthiwa dwarfs ensundu. Isisindo sawo, ngokuvamile kusuka 1 kuya 7% we mass welanga. Ngakho, ababona nje kulesi sici, ngisho eduze amaplanethi like Jupiter yethu. Empeleni, dwarfs nsundu , futhi ayikwazi ngokuthi ephezulu grade izinkanyiso. Astrophysics ngokuvamile ebonakala kubo njengoba izinkanyezi kuhlulekile. Yiqiniso, likhanya ngendlela efanayo yabo futhi lokushisa nazo kaningi lincane kunelanga. Kuze kube manje, ebanda kunazo ezaziwayo dwarfs brown isayensi has a lokushisa ebusweni degrees nje 25 C. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ezinye izinkanyezi ukuthi mancane Sun, ngesikhathi esifanayo ungaba kunanawo, mass. Lona okuthiwa i-neutron izinkanyezi. Ziyakwazi imikhiqizo ekupheleni kwemvelo lezinkanyezi. What uhlala kusukela elangeni ngemva kuqhuma supernova. Lo engaba Pulsar (njengoba bebizwa futhi) zivamise onomfutho ukuze 10-20 amakhilomitha ububanzi. ibanga azinakwa ufana hhayi le nguzunga ngobukhulu. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo neutron izinkanyezi - phela umzimba ngendlela emangalisayo ohlangene ngongqimba 1.5 welanga. Vele nedlanzana izinto othathwe umzimba kundiza Kuyamangaza uyocabangela izinkulungwane zamathani.