Yini coking amalahle futhi lapho kusetshenziswe

Ukwanda amanani kawoyela kanye search for eminye imithombo kagesi hhayi kuphela kwaholela ekwakhekeni ubuchwepheshe obusha, kodwa futhi sinake abanye, akekho ngaphansi ewusizo impahla eluhlaza - amalahle. Imboni ebaluleke kakhulu coking amalahle. Kuyini ukubaluleka kwalo futhi lapho kukhiqizwa - libekwe kahle kulesi sihloko.

Kuyini coking amalahle

Lokhu amalahle, okuyindawo ku nemibandela coking coke wamukela amandla athile kanye nosayizi. Limelela Inani elihle umkhakha futhi uyawuthanda funa eqinile ezimbonini eziningi. Ngakho, coking amalahle emhlabeni njengoba uphethiloli main esetshenziswa steelmaking namandla.

amalahle Coking zihluke nezinye amalahle isici hambisa isimo plastic futhi Sinter lapho zizwa okushisa aphakeme ngaphandle oksijini.

Ukwakheka coking amalahle

amalahle Coking ungaphakathi ifomu kanzulu futhi unfortified elinesimo umlotha okuqukethwe ongaphakeme (ngaphansi kwama-10%), wokuqukethwe eliphansi izingxenye oluyingozi (15 kuya 37%) nesibabule (esingaphansi 3.5%). Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinto izinhlobo amalahle, amalahle coking abe omlilo lokushisa eliphezulu elinesimo okuqukethwe aphansi amanyela. Isilinganiso izingxenye ezahlukene izinto amalahle ezifakwa kungahluka kancane. Kubalulekile kakhulu okufanele icatshangelwe inqubo coking. Ngakho, ngempela kunqunywa ukubunjwa yayo, coking, sintering ukuziphatha nezinye izinkomba ukucutshungulwa amalahle. Ensimini ka ezweni elaliyiSoviet Union ngoba ilahle coking wasebenzisa lezi zinhlobo:

• Ngu - coke.
• F - amafutha.
• G - igesi.
• OS - otoschenno-caking.
• SS - silnospekayuschiesya.

inqubo coking

Ngaphansi ziyabonisa futhi inqubo coking zokuguqula amalahle coke. Siqukethe izigaba eziningana. Ngesikhathi esigabeni sokuqala ukulungiswa amalahle coking. amalahle misela kuyo ingumhlabathi futhi yakha inhlanganisela ekhethekile - ingxube. Ngesikhathi isinyathelo esilandelayo wenziwa coking. Senzeka emakamelweni okhethekile coke igesi kuhhavini usebenzisa bafudumale. Njengoba yenziwe icala ibekwe kuhhavini amahora 15 lapho ngaso sonke isikhathi wenziwa nokuvusa lokushisa 1000 ° C. Ngenxa yalokho yale nqubo is etholwe "coke ikhekhe."

Coking ubuchwepheshe phakathi kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, kuningi osekushintshile, esangenza ukuthuthukiswa imali entsha amalahle.

Kulinganiselwa ukuthi cishe 10% ukukhiqizwa global yenqubo amalahle carbonization senzeka. Lokhu kufakazela khona isidingo zezimboni ephezulu coking amalahle.

Yini ehlukanisa coking namalahle ezishisayo

Inani kulenkhulu uye umkhakha ukunikeza coking amalahle, elisetshenziswa njengesibonakaliso inqubo fuel emikhakheni eminingi yezimboni emnothweni. Ngokwesibonelo, yokuncibilikisa insimbi. Isici esiyinhloko esihlukanisa ilahle coking ku amandla - khona ngaphandle kwesibeletho. Le ngxenye umlotha we amalahle, ezakhiwe yokubola isitshalo ngokungabi bikho-mpilo okuyinto. izakhiwo Vitrain kukhona ikhono ancibilike futhi sintered ngaphansi lokushisa eliphezulu. Ngakho, i-carbon microparticles ethe njo ku eyodwa mass esiqinile. Kukhula lokuhlushwa kwesibeletho ayanda izinga ilahle coking.

Inani enkulu lomcebo fusible eziqukethwe amalahle izitembu ezifana: Coke, negesi, okunamafutha, otoschenno-caking futhi coking amafutha.

uphawu amalahle

Emvelweni, kukhona izinhlobo eziningi zamalahle okuyinto zihlukile Ukwakheka lobuchwepheshe, kanye nezinkomba sinterability izingxenye oluyingozi. Coking amalahle efanelekayo brand ambalwa nje. Kodwa akuwona wonke Site sintering ifomu okumsulwa. Ngezinye izikhathi udinga ukwengeza ezinye izingxenye. Ngakho, kukhona emabangeni alandelayo kwamalahle coking:

1. Ngu - coke. Kulesi coking amalahle grade etholwe ngefomu okumsulwa moya coke Metallurgical. Ukuze ephakeme izinga amalahle kwengezelwe nezinye brand - ngokugqamile noma igesi.
2. QL - Coke okunamafutha. It has coking engcono, ikakhulu esetshenziswa ukuthola coke ngaphandle kokwengeza amanye amabanga kwamalahle. Ukwakheka okunamafutha coke amalahle iqukethe-30% we izingxenye oluyingozi. Yokuzindla vitrain - 1.3%. I ukushuba we ungqimba epulasitiki 18 mm. Azikho izinguquko izinga coke bavunyelwe ukwengeza isitembu 20% CS, OS, futhi KO.
3. KO - coke otoschenny. I ukushuba we ungqimba 10-12 mm, vitrain kuveza - kuya ku-1%. Njengomthetho, lokhu brand alisetshenziswa sodwa, kodwa kuphela ngokuhlangana ne-LCD namalahle ezivuthayo.
4. SPE - coke caking nizkometamorfozny. Phakathi sintering yalolu hlobo amalahle coke kwakhiwa washable amandla ongaphakeme, ngakho-ke ngokuyinhloko esetshenziselwa sintering nezinye izimpawu noma ukukhiqiza zokwenziwa igesi.
5. COP - coke caking. I ukushuba we ungqimba epulasitiki 9 mm. It libhekene sinterability ongaphakeme. CS grade amalahle coke isetshenziswa njengoba izinkampani ingxenye ewuthi lokuvungula. Futhi isetshenziswa kwezinye izindawo zokukhiqiza i omlilo wakubo.
6. GC - igesi coke. Lapho carbonization isivuno coke ezinhle tho, kodwa ongaphakeme amandla lokukhanda. umkhiqizo sintered ahlukaniswa kalula izingcezu ezincane. Ngokuvamile, igesi amalahle isetshenziswa Izingxube nabanye amalahle coking.

Sintering kubhekwe kangcono zimpawu coking amalahle: gqamisa, caking, igesi, otoschenno-caking futhi coking ngefomu okumsulwa. Ziqukethe lemali okungenani of ukungcola futhi babe ductility okusezingeni eliphezulu.

Fields of kwesicelo

Injongo eyinhloko coking amalahle - fuel ezimbonini. Phakathi omlilo of amalahle coking likhipha esiningi ukushisa amandla. Ngakho, lokhu ukuthungela lokushisa fuel 470ºS. Kodwa evutha - hhayi kuphela indlela kukhishwe kuyo izakhiwo ewusizo lokhu yezimbiwa. Zikhona nezinye imikhakha eminingi yomnotho lapho amalahle coking isetshenziswe ngokunenzuzo. Ukusetshenziswa kwalesi loyimvelo e izinqubo zezimboni ivumela ukuthola kuwo phambili, molybdenum, i-zinc, germanium, isibabule, gallium nezinye izakhi zamakhemikhali. Industrial izicelo futhi baye ukuchitha futhi embonini yamalahle. Ngakho, basuke kusetshenzwe ku Refractories futhi Abrasives. Futhi ukuchitha zokwakha kukhiqizwa.

Isiyonke imali nophethiloli Yenziwe itshe phezu 300 izinhlobonhlobo imikhiqizo. Amalahle esetshenziswa njengoba impahla eziyisisekelo ukwenziwa timphawu tesakhiwo yekhabhoni nomoya-graphite vysokoazotnyh acid ezisetshenziswa fertilizer. isicelo abaphumelelayo izinto awo adedelwa phakathi kwenqubo coking. Ngakho, ngesikhathi ziphuzo zazihluzwa ezomile kwamalahle itiyela kwakhiwa futhi amanzi ammonia. Futhi kabusha.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngo-inqubo coking abelwe imikhiqizo gaseous, aqukethe-benzene, phenol, toluene kanye ammonia. Bayisibonelo umthombo nezinye izakhi.

Isizinda of coking amalahle e-Ukraine

Coking amalahle e-Ukraine ikakhulukazi isicelo amabhizinisi Metallurgical. Ngakho, embonini steel seyihlanganisa 90% nesidingo Imininingwane kulolu hlobo uphethiloli. Imboni yezokumbiwa phansi inikeza izwe coking amalahle emakethe yangaphakathi% 60 kuphela. Labo abasele abanga-40% amalahle esetshenziswa amazwe. Umphakeli eyinhloko amalahle coking ukuba Ukraine Russia.

Eminyakeni yamuva, ukwanda ukufunwa izinto angaphandle engahleliwe lizwe. Lokhu kungenxa ukwehla production ezifuywayo. Futhi, ukufuneka yasekhaya impahla eluhlaza uwela ngenxa zokunciphisa izinga layo, njengoba hhayi Izigayo steel angasebenzisa amalahle nge wokuqukethwe eliphezulu nesibabule.

E-Ukraine, ilahle coking akhiqizwa imicengezi: IDonetsk eLvov-naseVolyn, Dnieper. Inani elikhulu kunawo wonke amalahle basuke bagxila laseDonetsk, Luhansk futhi Dnipropetrovsk izifunda. Okwamanje, ngenxa yezinkinga zezombangazwe ka coking yamalahle empumalanga ye-Ukraine okwesikhashana.

ukukhiqizwa yamalahle e Russia

ezifakwa ezinkulu zamalahle zitholakala eRussia. Ngokusho izibalo, izwe ingenye yezindawo zokuqala emhlabeni amalahle. Bangaphezu kuka-67% wabo samalahle. Kulaba bafundi, u-10% aba coking amalahle.

I-Russian coking amalahle limbiwa amachibi: Kuznetsk, Pechora, Yuzhno-Yakutsk, IDonetsk and Kizel. Eyokuqala amachibi ezimbili ukukhiqiza yamalahle ubuningi enkulu.

Okubekiwe ka coking amalahle eRussia 47.3 billion. Amathani. Nokho, encane kuphela ingxenye isilungele ukusetshenziswa. Eminyakeni yamuva, ukukhiqizwa coking amalahle eRussia ezingeni 70 mln. Amathani ngonyaka. Lokhu kwanele ukunikeza izinto zokusetshenziswa, amabhizinisi zezimboni kuleli zwe.

amalahle Coking limbiwa Russia engaguquki ijubane. Kukhula embonini yamalahle kuyokwenzeka uma ukwanda ukufunwa lolu hlobo of izinto zokusetshenziswa kubangelwa imboni Metallurgical futhi ahlobene komnotho Russian.

Amathemba coking amalahle emakethe

Eminyakeni ezayo Russian amalahle umkhakha balinde ushintsho. Izindawo ezimqoka ukuthuthukiswa imboni azothinta uhlelo mpo embonini yamalahle. Ngakho, inchubomgomo yesive sihlinzekela ukusungulwa kwezimayini zamalahle ngesisekelo amandla izakhiwo umthamo amancane naphakathi. It is futhi ehlela ukufaka imishini at izitshalo amalahle, okuvumela ukucubungula amalahle zokubasa ahlanzekile zokwenziwa.

Ngokuphathelene yokuthengisa amavolumu, ukufunwa coking amalahle eRussia luyokhula. Iqiniso liwukuthi ngaphezu amabhizinisi steel Coke isebenzisa yokusansimbi non-ayoni kanye nezinye izimboni eziningi. Ngakho, ukukhiqiza 1 ton of ingulube yensimbi idinga mayelana 0.4 amathani coke. Kodwa ubuchwepheshe ehlukile Ungashintshanisa kuye phezu oholela kangcono imingcele isisetshenziswa isicelo.

the coking global amalahle yemakethe

Kuze kube manje, izinkampani eziningi ilahle wonke amazwe abhekene nenkinga e coking kwamanani amalahle emhlabeni. Lenkinga ibuye zaba zimbi isimo letiphakela coke imali ngokweqile. Liphinde nethonya elikhulu amanani enokuthambekela ukunciphisa izindleko amakhasimende. Kuphakama omunye simo esidabukisayo isifiso abakhiqizi steel banciphise izindleko zokukhiqiza. EYurophu eChina, ukufunwa coking amalahle liyaqhubeka likhula, kodwa kungenxa ukukhiqizwa izigaba ephakeme. Kodwa ngokuvamile, ivolumu ukuthenga izinto zokusetshenziswa ekuweni emakethe emhlabeni.

Kancane ekulinganiseni isimo nezinto amandla engahleliwe emakethe US. Kodwa intengo uye yayiqhubeka ngenxa yokufunwa aphansi steel. Ngenxa yalokho, lokhu kungase wehlise ukukhiqizwa coking amalahle e-US naseYurophu.

Kodwa ochwepheshe babikezela ukunyuka kwezinga ukungeniswa amandla impahla e-India. On ukungenisa umthamo kwamalahle coking kulelizwe lifaka ingeyesithathu emhlabeni.

izindleko izinto zokusetshenziswa

Engxenyeni 2015. wesibili waphawula ukwehla kwamanani for coking amalahle. izinkampani ezinkulu zomhlaba zinikeza izinto zokusetshenziswa ngentengo elisemnyango 5-10% ngaphansi kuqhathaniswa ngekota yokuqala. Ngakho, inkampani eNingizimu Afrika i-Anglo American unikezele Japan coking amalahle yiwo lwezinga eliphakeme kakhulu ngokuba 116 USD ngayinye 1 ton. Intengo isilinganiso 1 ton of coking amalahle yiwo 117 aseMelika.