Dissociation Electric: izisekelo ezincwadini electrochemistry

dissociation Electric kudlala indima enkulu ezimpilweni zethu, nakuba ngokuvamile musa ukucabanga ngakho. Lokho lesi simanga ihlobene conductivity nosawoti, acid lezisekelo e naphakathi ketshezi. Njengoba isigqi lokuqala inhliziyo okubangwa "bukhoma" ugesi emzimbeni womuntu, amaphesenti ayisishiyagalombili esakhiwa uketshezi, ezimotweni, omakhalekhukhwini kanye abadlali, amabhethri elishajekayo ukuthi kukhona abazalwa amabhethri electrochemical, - yonke indawo esizungezile ngokungabonakali dissociation kagesi.

I-giant exhaling elimazayo ukuhwamuka nezikhamo oncibilikisiwe ngamazinga ashisa kakhulu, bauxite electrolysis indlela ihlinzeka "ezinamaphiko" metal - aluminium. Zonke izinto ezisizungezile, kusukela kurediyetha-chrome kuhlinzwa ufihla namacici ezindlebeni zakho zonke owake wabhekana nazo nezixazululo noma nosawoti ezibunjiwe, futhi ngenxa yalokho lo mkhuba. Hhayi ize dissociation kagesi wafunda wonke legatsha isayensi - electrochemistry.

Lapho kuqedwa uketshezi ketshezi-molecule angene chemical isibopho ne-molecule ye-solute, ukwakha solvates. I ikhambi aqueous uchayeke kakhulu dissociation kasawoti, acid lezisekelo. Ngenxa yalokho yale nqubo engqamuzaneni solute kungenziwa Nqamula ku ion. Ngokwesibonelo, i-kuphela aqueous bedle ion of Na ⁺ futhi CI ^-, okuyizinto ionic NaCI crystal ukuqhutshwa e konemimoya kuphela kakade ezintsha njengoba solvated (hydrated) izinhlayiya.

Lesi simo esiyingqayizivele sibangelwa limelela empeleni inqubo kokuwa ngokuphelele noma ngokwengxenye we ketshezi ziyoncibilika ku ion ngenxa ukuchayeka kuphela, futhi ubizwa ngokuthi "dissociation kagesi." Le nqubo kubaluleke kakhulu electrochemistry. Lokubaluleke kakhulu iqiniso lokuthi dissociation izinhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi multicomponent libhekene okuvela isinyathelo. Lapho lesi simo is yaphawula waba ukwanda okukhulu kwezincwadi inombolo ion e isixazululo, okuyinto esihlukile electroless izidakamizwa electrolytic.

Phakathi electrolysis ion abe isiqondiso esicacile motion: izinhlayiya nenkokhiso omuhle (cations) - kuya electrode omubi icala, ebizwa ngokuthi cathode futhi ion omuhle (anions) - kuya electrode anode kwenkokhiso okuphambene, lapho akhishwe. Cations ziyancipha futhi oxidized anions. Ngakho-ke, i-dissociation esethola.

Omunye izici eyisisekelo le nqubo electrochemical kuyinto degree of dissociation electrolytic, okuyinto esashiwo ratio izinhlayiya hydrated nesibalo zishintshe ziyoncibilika izidakamizwa. Ayanda score, kulapho lena electrolyte izidakamizwa ezinamandla. Kulesi sisekelo, zonke izinto zihlukaniswe ababuthakathaka, amandla aphakathi nendawo kanye electrolyte eqinile.

I degree of dissociation kuncike ezicini ezilandelayo: a) ubunjalo solute; b) ubunjalo kuphela, layo njalo Kwe-dielectric Heating futhi polarity; c) lokuhlushwa ikhambi (ephansi score, aba maningi degree of dissociation); g) lokushisa yokuchitheka ophansi. Ngokwesibonelo, dissociation ka acetic acid kungenziwa esashiwo ifomula elandelayo:

CH ₃ COOH ⁺ H + CH ₃ COO ^-

electrolyte eqinile ubuhlobo cishe itjhuguluko engekhe yalungiseka ngoba isixazululo yabo aqueous asihlali unhydrated kokuqala molecule ion. Kufanele wanezela ukuthi inqubo dissociation sithinta bonke izinto kokuba uhlobo ionic futhi covalent polar izibopho zamakhemikhali. Imfundiso yokuziphendukela dissociation electrolytic washayelwa edumile wemithi isiSwidi physics Svante Arrhenius ngo-1887.