Izwe Czech Republic: umlando, izici, inhloko-dolobha, labantu, umnotho, uMongameli

Izwe Czech Republic - nezwe elincane. Itholakala kakhulu le elaseYurophu. Sonke siyazi ukuthi ezweni futhi eduze eCzech Republic. Phela, elisemngceleni ne Poland naseJalimane, Slovakia nase-Austria. sesimweni esinjalo evumayo ezindawo lapho kwakuphambana khona imizila yezohwebo kusukela Yurophu nase-Asia, ngesimo sezulu esihle futhi uchichima imithombo yamanzi amtoti onginike lizwe eCzech Republic yithuba elihle ngokuchuma. Minyaka yonke izigidi izivakashi zithuthelekela lapha kusuka wonke amagumbi emhlabeni ukuze bathuthukise impilo yabo kule Spas, zibabaza izwe elehlukile nezigodlo lasendulo yayo izakhiwo.

Bohemia kukhona isizwe kakhulu cultured futhi kwakhiwa. Phela, badlula ngenhlonipho kwesikhathi enzima eyalandela kokuhlukana ekamu sezenhlalo. Yini namuhla kufanele uyaziqhenya Czech Republic? umnotho wezwe kwasekuqaleni, okuyinto endaweni yesibili phakathi European States Eastern.

abahambi

Izwe Czech Republic emakethe izivakashi kunemibandela ihlukaniswe ezindaweni ezintathu: spa, skiing kanye indawo iholide. Kubathandi Uhlelo olubanzi kwamasiko bayakhuthazwa ukuvakashela wasePlzeň, Brno, Česky Krumlov, Ostrava, yebo, ePrague.

Wishes impilo yakho ukuya entshonalanga yezwe. Kulapha bagxila zokungcebeleka main ezifana Marianske Lazne, Vary futhi Kynžvart. Ukuze uthole ski iholide Czech Republic inikeza nezindawo zalo empumalanga. Lapha komngcele ePoland kukhona zokungcebeleka ezifana Harrachov, Spindleruv Mlyn, Rokytnice nad Jizerou futhi Vítkovice.

Kuleli zwe elihle yayisalokhu izinkulungwane ezimbili nengxenye izinqaba ephakathi, eshaya nge bokwakhiwa kwezindlu zayo eziyingqayizivele. Futhi akumangalisi ukuthi Czech Republic ukujabulela abaculi ngokuvakashela futhi romance ezithandwa ubudala kanye Ongoti. Lapho befika kuleli zwe kanye kuphela, akunakwenzeka ukufinyelela lenqwaba amasayithi iyatholakala kwi insimu yalo. Yingakho izivakashi eziningi buya lapha kaningi.

Yini enye edonsela izihambi Czech Republic? Incazelo yezwe awunakuba khona ngaphandle kokuthethelela indaba cuisine yasekuqaleni futhi okumnandi. Kuyinto inkululeko yangempela for gourmets, ephoqa abantu isikhashana ukukhohlwa mayelana ukudla kanye mayelana obungazungeza okhalweni lwenu.

A ipharadesi elingokoqobo emhlabeni iyona Czech Republic futhi abathandi ubhiya. Lapha, zokupheka alondolozwe ngokucophelela namasiko ukulungiswa isiphuzo ethulwa ezihlukahlukene omkhulu kwezinhlobo.

geography

Izwe Czech Republic enyakatho has umngcele 658 km nge Poland, enyakatho-ntshonalanga, uhlanga entshonalanga ne-Germany - 646 km, empumalanga Slovakia - 214 km, eningizimu-Austria - 362 km. Ngakho, ubude layo yonke imingcele yalesi state 1880 km.
Insimu Czech Republic has a ezihlukahlukene kakhulu kwezwe. Ngakho, leyo ndawo entshonalanga yeBohemia itholakala somfula imifula emikhulu njenge-Vltava futhi Labe. It uzungezwe izintaba ongaphakeme.

Engxenyeni esempumalanga yaleli eCzech Republic - kuyinto insimu ka eMoravia. Iphinde izici ebusweni inamagquma. Le ndawo elisemcengezini esisempumalanga yoMfula Morava. ECzech Republic nanso cha is exit lapho waya olwandle. Noma kunjalo, bonke zithuthelekela emfuleni yayo. Awela Black Sea, aseBaltic kanye North Pacific.

Izintaba omkhulu kunayo yonke ezweni zitholakala ngokwengxenye yayo enyakatho. Zibizwa ngokuthi Kokonoshi. Kuyinto aphakeme entabeni Snowball. Liyophuma ngaphezu kogu lolwandle ukuba 1600 amamitha.

Thola Czech Republic kumephu izwe kungaba izixhumanisi 49 degrees amasekhondi angu-45 enyakatho nenkabazwe futhi 15 degrees longitude amasekhondi angu-30 empumalanga. Lena elaseYurophu. Ukuze uqinisekise lokhu, vele uvakashela isayithi, elise phakathi emizini ePilsen futhi Cheb. Kulapha uphawu yesikhumbuzo, okuyinto uthela eliqoshwe umbhalo othi "Centre of Europe".

Leli zwe 78.866 amakhilomitha square. Kundawo yayo eCzech Republic lifaka 115 th emhlabeni. amaphesenti amabili insimu - kobuso amanzi.

Isimo sezulu

Czech Republic - izwe sezulu emangalisayo. Isimo sezulu lapha oluphakeme omnene. hot kakhulu kule ndawo kuphela ngesonto elilodwa ngonyaka. sezulu Ukhululekile ejabulisa izwe kuzo zonke izinkathi zonyaka. Summer khona isethwe nezinga lokushisa kule ezahlukene degrees amabili, izinga lokushisa ebusika cishe akusho uphonsa ngezansi "lokususa 3". Esimweni esinjalo ekahle owadalwa namathonya yezwekazi futhi zasolwandle. Kunciphisa umthelela ongemuhle imimoya esikuyo sezintaba.

division zokuphatha

Kumephu ungabona izifunda nantathu ezweni noma emaphethelweni. The main sokuqondisa yezwe Inhloko-dolobha yayo - wedolobha lasePrague.

Yini (imiphetho) ezindaweni ayingxenye yalesi isimo European? Uhla okulandelayo:

• Central.
• WasePlzeň.
• South zamaBohemia Region.
• Vary.
• Ústí nad Labem.
• Karlovegradetsky.
• Liberec.
• South Moravian.
• Slomoutsky.
• Pardubice.
• Moravskosilevsky.
• Zlín.
• Vysocina.

indaba

Insimu Czech Republic lalinabantu abantu ngisho ngesikhathi Stone Age. Ukukhuluma bokuqala yezwe etholakale zemihla eyaqala ngekhulu lesi-9. Ngalesi sikhathi, insimu Czech Republic yayingaphansi kokulawula wezikhulu Premyslid.

Eyesibili igama la mazwe - eBohemia. Kwathi i isizwe Celtic lasendulo, abahlala kuleyo nsimu, elise banamuhla North eBohemia. Athi kahle lezi izizwe zamaJalimane emazweni - Marcomanni, oshintshweni okuyinto ekhulwini 5th wafika lapha lwamaSlav. Zakudala babe okhokho amaCzech namaRomany lanamuhla.

nenkathi yokudlondlobala kwawo ngalesi simo Slavic ifinyelele kuya phezulu ngekhulu le-11. Phakathi nale nkathi, yayibizwa ngokuthi eMoravia Omkhulu, futhi kwadingeka indawo umxhwele, esasihlanganisa izwe samanje Slovakia, yaseBohemia ingxenye Hungary nase-Austria.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi azikho ngomlando indlela muzi wawuyinhloko-dolobha yaleli isimo futhi kungani kwenzeka ukuwohloka. Kungenzeka ukuthi lolo daba wukuthi kwakulokhu kunezimpi eziningi zombango. It is ukuthi Moravian Omkhulu wayengumbusi ezweni yobuKristu eyaziwa futhi Baptist yayo ababengabaphostoli Mefody futhi UCyril (kanye Russia).

Ekhulwini le-17. Czech YoMbuso yaba ingxenye yoMbuso Austro-Hungarian, futhi ngemva kokuwa kwalo ngo-1928, kwaba khona i association of ZaseCarpathos Ruthenia, Slovakia kanye Czech Republic. Lawa mazwe seyaziwa ngokuthi eCzechoslovakia. Ngo-1939 izwe kwakuhlezi amabutho iJalimane lamaNazi. Ukukhululwa kwavela kuphela ekupheleni kwempi yezwe yesibili, lapho amasosha angena eCzechoslovakia USSR. Ngemva kwalokho, izwe angena Commonwealth sezenhlalo.

Nokho, ngasekupheleni kwawo-80-yalolucwaningo eCzechoslovakia bamukela imiboniso mass kanye nemibhikisho. Bonke okuye kwaholela okuthiwa iVelvet Revolution. Lokhu kwalandelwa isiteleka grand ukuziphilisa, okwaphumela ushintsho umbuso. Izwe iholwa ophikisana nenqubo kahulumeni wangaphambili wemidlalo Vaclav Havel.

01.01.1993 iCzechoslovakia ngokuthula lahlukaniswa uthi. insimu yalo kwakhiwa republic amabili - neSlovakia Czech Republic. umlando wezwe ngemva kwalokho waqala ukuthatha ukuma bebodwa. Ngakho, ngo-1999, isimo isibe ilungu NATO, futhi ngo-2004 - i-EU. Kusukela ngo-2007, iCzech Republic uhlanganyela isivumelwano Schengen, okungukuthi umuntu visa balelizwe, ungakwazi ngaphandle izithiyo ukuhamba kulo lonke elaseYurophu.

Ukwakheka zezombusazwe

Izwe Czech Republic iyizwe eliqhuba ngentando yeningi ummeleli. Nge kule modi, umthombo oyinhloko wezombangazwe abantu, kodwa bathunyelwe kwemitimba yabohulumende omele yokuphathwa isimo. Czech Republic - republic ePhalamende. emagala aso executive uMongameli kanye uhulumeni. Lesi sakamuva, esikhundleni salokho, unesibopho Chamber of amaphini.

Inhloko isimo Czech - umongameli. Kusukela 01.27.2013 futhi kube namuhla lokhu okuthunyelwe kuhlala Milos Zeman. Yathatha indawo Vaclav Klaus.

Miloš Zeman - lokhu ingenye nosaziwayo kakhulu kwezombangazwe European. umbono othile ngayo okunjalo esakhiwe ngokuhlanganisa isikhundla ezinzima siqu umholi we-Czech Republic kanye nezitatimende edidayo. Kuwufanele ethi wamanje umongameli we-Czech Republic, ngokungafani kosopolitiki baseYurophu, asekelwe izenzo waseRussia ezindaweni eziningi. Milos Zeman umbono ngokuvamile iphikisana izitatimende Brussels. Futhi isikhundla sakhe kunzima ngokwanele.

Ngokuphathelene iPhalamende Czech, kuba bicameral. Uma sibheka ukwakheka kwazo salo Chamber of amaphini futhi iSigele. Chamber of amaphini inikeza umsebenzi ezingamakhulu amabili amalungu aso, abakhethwe ngabantu njalo ngemva kweminyaka emine. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isimiso lokumelwa ngobungako. Ithuthukisa eyodwa iSigele isifika kanye eminyakeni emibili. Kulokhu, ngamunye senators 81 ekhishwe igunya eneminyaka eyisithupha.

Yisiboniso amalungelo okwakha isizwe-Czech iyona eNkantolo yoMthethosisekelo. It yakhiwa 15 amajaji amandla ukuqedwa kwemithetho eziphikisana umthetho-sisekelo wezwe.

labantu

Czech Republic manje ingxenye uhlu lamazwe enabantu. Ngokwezibalo zakamuva, labantu bayo kancane abantu abangaphezu kuka-10 million. Weshumi wabo uphile enhloko-dolobha yesifundazwe - ePrague. Zonke ezinye sabantu, njengoba uthando emazweni amaningi aseYurophu, ikakhulukazi bagxila kweminye imizi.

Kwaphela iminyaka eminingana eCzech Republic kuyinto kwenyuka kwemtfwalo zemvelo kwenani labantu. Lokhu kungenxa abafayo encishisiwe nokukhuphula okuzala. Ngaphezu ukukhula yemvelo kukhona inflow kwabokufika. It kwandisa isibalo sabantu isimo European.

ulimi olusemthethweni

Phakathi emlandweni kusasele amakhulu eminyaka-endala Czech Republic insimu yayo wahlala yezizwe ezahlukene nezinhlanga. Nokho, namuhla kuya 95% abantu bakuleli batholakale - kuba amaCzech namaRomany. Bona ukugcina amasiko abo kazwelonke. lahlonishwa Omkhulu kanye nenhlonipho wajabulela nolwazi mayelana izimpande zomlando, okungaba yokuziqhenya ngayo eCzech Republic. Ulimi yezwe - Czech. Uthi abantu lokhu isimo, naphezu ngezithako zawo sezizwe ezihlukahlukene wayemelele nabasePoland nase Slovaks, Roma, amaJalimane amaJuda. Yiqiniso, zingabantu nje eliyingcosana Nokho, izakhamuzi agcwele ezweni.

Kuze kube manje, isibalo sabantu ezweni lonke we-Czech Republic isebenzisa ukuxhumana ezintathu ezivame kakhulu lwesigodi iqembu. Lapha, abantu bakhona bakhuluma, empumalanga, futhi srednemoravskom Czech. Ulimi isimo ezweni wakwazi usinde baziphatha leminyaka Germanization. imvuselelo kwalo kwenzeka ekhulwini-18 njengoba etemibhalo. Kodwa ke Czech ngokuya waqala ukungena ezimpilweni zabantu abavamile, yaphenduka nsuku zonke.

Kuze kube manje, ulimi nesimo yezwe umsindo emigwaqweni emizini yalo. Abantu abasha ngesikhathi esifanayo umyalo ezinhle isiNgisi, futhi abantu asebebadala ihamba kalula German.

ePrague

Okukhulu ezindaweni zasemadolobheni futhi ethandwa izivakashi izindawo eYurophu iyinhloko-dolobha yezwe Czech. Minyaka yonke ePrague wavakashelwa ezingaphezu kuka-6 million abahambi. Kulomuzi yokwamukela nenhle ihlose ukuthola wonke umuntu uyaqonda izakhiwo futhi bazise Ukunambitheka kukabhiya.

Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, ePrague ubhekwa lamadolobha amahle kakhulu eYurophu. Futhi lokhu kuqinisekiswa igama layo. Ngakho, ngaleli dolobha emangalisayo ngesinye isikhathi besho noma "Golden ePrague" noma "emzini we nemibhoshongo engamakhulu" futhi 'Ephusheni itshe ".

Inhloko-dolobha ye-Czech Republic - a cobbled emigwaqweni emincane, ezimangalisayo ubuhle bayo Charles Bridge, kanye nenamba enkulu ezikhangayo ezahlukene.

Usuku olunembile imvelaphi ayaziwa ePrague. Nokho, kakade ngekhulu le-15 emibhalweni yaminyaka khona ukusho ukujabulisa ebibanjelwe confluence we Vltava futhi Berounka emifuleni. Ezemfundo we Prague Castle kwaba wangekhulu lesi-9. Ekhulwini esilandelayo, ePrague lithole isimo inhloko-dolobha yombuso Czech. Ukuthuthukiswa Its okusheshayo umuzi wawuyigolide wangekhulu le-12., Esaba Ngayo dolobha yoMbuso Austro-Hungarian.

Phakathi neMpi Yezwe II, amaJalimane matasa ePrague. Nokho, ngenhlanhla, eyenziwa endaweni kwezempi imisebenzi ayimlethelanga ukubhujiswa izakhiwo mlando esiyingqayizivele.

Eminyakeni post-yimpi kwakukhona ongaphansi komhlaba enhlokodolobha yase Czech Republic. Crescendo ayesakha omakhelwane entsha.

Ngemva kokunqoba we Revolution Velvet, ePrague isibe omunye ethandwa kakhulu izivakashi emadolobheni e-Europe. isikhungo yayo mlando owaziwa UNESCO amagugu.

Kuze kube manje, labantu baseCzech Republic inhlokodolobha abantu abangaphezu kuka-1.3 million., Ubani ukuphila ezifundeni 15 ababalwayo ngokuvumelana ibanga zabo kusukela maphakathi. Kumephu ongazibona ahlelwe ngokwewashi.

umnotho wezwe

Ngesisekelo umnotho Czech isiqoqi sama-softwe kanye electronics, imboni yezokudla nensimbi futhi steel umkhakha, amasevisi kanye nokwakhiwa. Omunye yimpumelelo kakhulu usuku, emazweni post-lamaKhomanisi iyona Czech Republic.

Izimpawu izwe ngokwalo kwezomnotho kufakazela impumelelo futhi ukuzinza umnotho wayo. Ngemva Revolution Velvet, Czech Republic ngofuzo amandla eyayinabantu baseCzechoslovakia ukukhiqizwa nokungabi imvelo abanamusa. Ngaleyo minyaka, likhulu kakhulu isabelo nokukhulisa umkhakha wezokukhiqiza wathatha yokusansimbi ayoni, abasebenza amazwe izinto zokusetshenziswa, futhi umkhakha ezempi kanye isiqoqi sama-softwe.

Ngokuphathelene namanye amazwe, kuba ikakhulukazi sigxile izidingo eSoviet Union, lapho sebehlushwa kakhulu ekukhuleni komnotho.

Ngemva kokuthola uzibuse, uhulumeni we-Czech Republic yenze izinguquko eziphawulekayo. It waqeda isiqondiso eyodwa amanani, owethulwa nenkululeko izinkampani ezizimele, iqedwe le ayitholwa isimo namanye amazwe, eyenziwa azimele kanye nempahla umsebenzi wokuvuselela izakhiwo. Ngenxa inflow of izimali zakwamanye amazwe eCzech Republic yenze le esifishane kwesikhathi sesimanje kanye kabusha umkhakha, futhi iye yathuthukiswa lonkhe lusito labaludzingako kanye nengqalasizinda lobuchwepheshe.

Kuze kube yimanje, Czech Republic baye banda ngokushesha e-GDP. Lokhu kungenxa ukukhula emkhakheni wezimboni bese kuthi ukunciphisa isabelo yokusansimbi ayoni futhi ukukhiqizwa emiselwe wezempi. Uma isabelo nkinga yezimoto imikhiqizo kagesi. Lokhu kwenza ukuba abazalwane Czech Republic ukungena insalela ukuhweba. Impumelelo Lwenziwe nakuba kube nokukhula ngokushesha sokungena kule amanani kawoyela lizwe kanye negesi.

Kuwufanele ethi ubukhulu namanye amazwe lengenako kuleli zwe kuphezulu kakhulu, futhi ngaphambi amazwe ezifana UK futhi Japan, Italy naseFrance.