Uhlobo eyisinambuzane: izici jikelele, ngezigaba

Iplanethi yethu igcwele izidalwa ezihlukene kakhulu, ezihlukahlukene zezilwane nezitshalo esinalo lapho. Kodwa kule iphepha, sihlaziya ngokuningiliziwe uhlobo eyisinambuzane. izici Jikelele lezi izidalwa eziphilayo nayo izofakwa okusesihlokweni esithi.

inombolo

Kuyinto enkulu kunazo zonke futhi ecebile uhlobo jikelele silwane. Abamele kukhona ayisigidi zilwane. Isibalo sabo eyodwa sazo zonke izinto eziphilayo eplanethini yethu, njengoba ephilayo ngalesi sikhathi, futhi yokuqothulwa. Ngaphambi kokuba sixoxe ngombuzo "izici Jikelele uhlobo eyisinambuzane" (7th grade secondary school ubophekile ukuba zona izingane ngabameli ke), kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi inani elikhulu izinto zisekhona nhlobo, inani langempela angase kwakuthiwa ukufinyelela eziyizigidi eziyishumi noma ngaphezulu.

Ziyakwazi ezivamile nomaphi ezilwandle, izilwandle, amanzi ahlanzekile imithombo ezweni. Kususelwa uhlobo ecosystem ngakhetha kohlobo oluthile kungabonwa kwemvelo nokudla izintandokazi. Uhlobo eyisinambuzane, izici jikelele okuyinto - umgomo wethu oyinhloko, sipho ahlukahlukene ukuhlela cabanga ngezigaba.

Ukuvikelwa

Sishilo kakade ukuthi uhlobo has inombolo enkulu izinhlangano, kodwa naphezu kwale mizamo ukwehluka, zonke zibe isakhiwo kuqhathaniswa ezifanayo emzimbeni. Uma ucabangela uhlobo eyisinambuzane (izici jikelele), siphawula ukufana - zangaphandle skeleton kanzima sakhiwa chitin. Ezinye izinhlobo zawo une-exoskeleton, ehlanganisa i-lipid, protein ne-calcium carbonate. Lokhu suit yangaphandle ibanikeze nokuvikelwa kanye nokwesekwa ukuze umzimba. Futhi, udonga igobolondo unamathele imisipha.

Okubalulekile Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi wonke amalungu wadalula molt, le nqubo kungenxa yokuthi i-exoskeleton engakhuli, futhi ngesikhathi ukukhula sesilwane idinga indlu ezinkulu.

umzimba

uhlobo ezilapho ka eyisinambuzane. izici Jikelele futhi ihlanganisa izici ezifana izingxenye. Wonke umzimba uhlukaniswe izingxenye. Ngezinye izikhathi zikhula ndawonye, kuleso simo bebizwa tagmata, futhi inqubo - tagmasis. Esinye isibonelo ibizwa ngokuthi ikhanda tho futhi thorax nesisu. Eyisinambuzane futhi babe ezihlobene ne amalunga omzimba -. Kulapho igama, ngokwezwi nezwi ehunyushwa ngokuthi njengoba "izinyawo jointed"

Thatha eyisinambuzane bokuqala futhi bakudala kakhulu, bese ingxenye yomzimba wabo ngamunye kuye kwahlotshaniswa nepheya elilodwa lezibuko ka ezihlobene. Nokho, iningi zinhlobo savela futhi washintsha nemilenze, ezakhiwe nezinye izakhiwo, njenge:

• mouthparts;
• emilibeni;
• Izitho zokuzala, nokunye.

Ngo eyisinambuzane ezihlobene kungaba branched noma unbranched.

Imizwa, igesi exchange, kwegazi

abameleli abaningi baye evuthiwe izinzwa (abhanqiwe kwakwakhe amehlo), nakuba abanye abanayo leli lungelo. Ihlelo lokukhambisa iingazi baye ayivaliwe, ayinakho imithambo yegazi.

Negesi lokushintshisana senzeka ngezindlela eziningana:

• gills;
• kuqhoqhoqho;
• emaphashini.

abameleli Iningi eyisinambuzane dioecious, ngokuvamile kokukhulelwa kwenzeka ngaphakathi futhi abekele amaqanda.

Uhlobo eyisinambuzane: izici jikelele, ngezigaba

Lokhu izilwane izinhlangothi zazo ziyalingana. Kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi basuke bavela annelids. Uma ihlaziye kahle, singakwazi ukubona ukufana isakhiwo. Into kuphela ukuthuthukiswa kanye kwemvelo ngowokuqala kwafinyelela izinga okusezingeni eliphezulu yenhlangano. Eyisinambuzane (owande izici, taxonomy nezinye izinkinga liyongcweliswa ngokuningiliziwe) zihlukaniswe namakilasi ezinkulu ezilandelayo:

• shellfish;
• arachnids;
• izinambuzane.

Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, ikilasi ngalinye ihlukaniswe ngezigodi amaqembu. Ngokwesibonelo, phakathi ezinamagobolondo ahlukanisa Cladocera, copepods futhi decapod. Ngu arachnids zihlanganisa: izicabucabu, izibungu nawofezela. Futhi i-akhawunti ye izinambuzane ngoba inombolo enkulu kakhulu amayunithi, njenge:

• Orthoptera;
• ojekamanzi;
• Diptera;
• Coleoptera;
• Hemiptera;
• Hymenoptera;
• Homoptera;
• namazeze, nabanye abaningi.

Cabanga ekilasini ngalinye ngokuhlukile.

ezinamagobolondo

Akuve ekilasini ahlukahlukene, abacela ngamashumi amane amawaka, zilwane. Ngokuyinhloko, kungatholakala ezilwandle nakuzo emizimbeni angenasawoti, kodwa bakhona abangasazi kahle ezweni.

Nakuba uhlobo eyisinambuzane (ezinamagobolondo ekilasini, incazelo jikelele okuyinto kubhekwa kulesi sigaba) unothile kakhulu, kodwa kungenzeka ukuhlonza eziningi ezifana Ekupheleni kwalesi sigaba sikunikeza itafula ukusiza nokumisa i-lwazi aluthola.

Basuke elintantayo, kukhasa noma yokuphila enamathiselwe. Phakathi kwabo kukhona ngisho nezinambuzane. Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, ezahlukene umlawuli wekhompyutha izingxenye zomzimba, banayo lesi sigaba, kunamabandla ayishumi abantu abakhuluma mahlanu.

Ake sicabangele kafushane izici kummeleli ejwayelekile alesi sigaba, lo isikhuphashe owaziwa. Kusukela igama kuyacaca ukuthi uhlala ngamanzi agobhozayo. indima yaso ngokwemvelo futhi abantu kakhulu. Phawula ukuthi ukwazi ukuhlukanisa ngisho owesilisa ukubukeka nowesifazane.

Umsebenzi kufinyelelwa ebusuku, akudlayo ukudla isitshalo kuphela, ukudla kokubili kwabaphilayo inyamazane efile. abantu abavuthiwe usayizi - ngamasentimitha ayishumi nanhlanu noma ngaphezulu, molt kanye ngonyaka, ngo-izilwane ezisencane, le nqubo kwenzeka izikhathi eziningana ngonyaka.

Njengezinye amalungu eyisinambuzane, isimiso sokujikeleza kwegazi ayivaliwe inhliziyo libukeka isikhwama pentahedral futhi unamathele ngemuva esifubeni. Kubalulekile futhi ukwazi iqiniso lokuthi ekhanda nasemzimbeni axhunyiwe. Okuthintekayo nezinzwa olfactory abukhali ngenxa Intshebe eside. Amehlo zigxilé eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi flagella ukuthi reimburses le baxhashazwe ekhanda.

Uhlobo eyisinambuzane, ikilasi arachnids: umbono jikelele

Njengomvini sangaphambilini, ligcwele kakhulu, ine phezu izinkulungwane ezingamashumi amathathu zama-izidalwa eziphilayo, iningi labo lihlala phezu kwezwe, kodwa kukhona abamele zasemanzini yesibili. Njenganoma ezinamagobolondo, banalo cephalothorax, ngaphezu kwalokhu kukhona esiswini. Qaphela ukuthi izingxenye kukhonjelwe ushintsho (ezinye izibopho akanawo umzimba ihlukene, ezifana inja).

Isidumbu ingxenye yokuqala (cephalothorax) inamathela ngokwawo namabhangqa ayisithupha nemilenze:

• ngazimbili ezimbili - maxilliped.
• imibhangqwana emine - nogoschupaltsy.

On esiswini kungekho nemilenze, kodwa abanye amalungu alesi sigaba ziye zalondolozwa wamaphaphu izikhwama, ipuleti phansi noma spinneret.

Enye esiwuphawu sici arachnids - kuyinto olwelwesini ehlanganisa Esilula, esivikela umzimba yokulwa umswakama ukulahleka. Iningi besicabucabu ezinesihlungu umdlavuza. Njengomthetho, arachnids - ezizingelayo, kodwa iqembu elikhulu kuze yizilwanyana eziwuhlupho bese ezidla uhlaza. Ukuphefumula wenziwa izikhwama yamaphaphu noma kuqhoqhoqho, kodwa izicabucabu ngosizo lezi zindikimba ezimbili. Izinhlaka emehlweni, touch, iphunga ne ukunambitheka achazwayo kahle kakhulu, kodwa abanye umbono imikhaza engekho nhlobo.

Ukuvundisa senzeka ngaphakathi, ebonwe uhlobo oluthile imikhaza nawofezela siphile lokuzalwa. Nakuba lesi sigaba ahlukahlukene ngempela, kodwa obaluleke kakhulu ngamaqembu afana nokuthi:

• Izicabucabu.
• Imikhaza.
• Scorpions.

izinambuzane

Nasi ithebula ezibonisa izici eziyinhloko izinambuzane.

Lona isigaba okungenani wafunda, kodwa akukho abalulekile esingaphansi omunye, it is kahle ufundwa isayensi kuphela ngoba usemncane.