Andes: incazelo, izithombe. Ukuphakama Andes

Copper Mountain - ngakho Inca ngokuthi intaba emhlabeni isikhathi eside. Sikhuluma Andes Cordillera, eyaziwa kithi njengoba Andes. Le zokhahlamba ubude ngeke kuqhathaniswe nanoma yimiphi ekhona kule mbulunga yethu. Andes obuphelele imayelana 9000 km. Bavela kusukela ngoba uLwandle LwaseCaribbean noLwandle ukufinyelela Tierra del Fuego.

Ububanzi nobude yase-Andes

Aconcagua (ngezansi) - intaba ephakeme kunazo zonke e-Andes Cordillera. Andes ukuphakama kuleliphuzu 6962 amamitha. Aconcagua itholakala e-Argentina. Yiziphi ukuphakama evelele? Andes Uyi Iziqongo zezintaba eziningana ezinkulu. Phakathi kwabo, kufanele kuphawulwe entabeni Ritacuba Blanco (5493 metres), El Libertador (6720 metres), Huascaran (6768 metres), Mercedario (6770 m), kanye nabanye. Kukhona ezinye izindawo lapho entabeni ububanzi kufika ku km 500. Ngokuphathelene ebubanzini nasekujuleni kwazo esiphezulu, kumayelana 750 km. Ingxenye enkulu babo usesikhundleni Pune ithafa kokuba eliphezulu kakhulu iqhwa line, eyayinqamula ifinyelela 6500 m. Ukuphakama isilinganiso Andes cishe 4000 m.

Ubudala Andes nemfundo yabo

Ngokusho kochwepheshe, lezi zintaba abasakwazi abasha. Yizigidi eziningana edlule, lapho yaqedwa inqubo wokwakha entabeni. Ngisho esikhathini Precambrian, yaqala ukuvela zamathambo. izindawo ezweni ngaleso sikhathi zaqala ukwamukelwa avele kusayithi olwandle olukhulukazi. Le ndawo lapho yesimanje Andes Cordillera, isikhathi eside kwaba kolwandle, elizweni, futhi ukuphakama Andes kakhulu washintsha. I chain entabeni kuqede lasungulwa ngemva amatshe. emphethweni Huge, ehlanganisa itshe, badlulela an ukuphakama umxhwele ngenxa yale nqubo. By endleleni, le nqubo is hhayi kuqeda. Uyaqhubeka esikhathini sethu. Ezintabeni zase-Andes ngezinye izikhathi zenzeka mlilo nokuzamazama komhlaba.

Imifula evela e-Andes

Le ntaba omude kunayo yonke emhlabeni ngesikhathi esifanayo ibhekwa njengempophoma yamanzi ngobukhulu futhi interoceanic. I-Amazon abadumile has kwaqala ngokungenaphutha Andes Cordillera, kanye nemingenela yayo. Kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi e-Andes uqale nemingenela yemifula amazwe enkulu yeNingizimu Melika: Paraguay, Orinoco kanye Paraná. Ukuze ezwekazini ezintabeni isithiyo zezulu, okungukuthi, avikele izwe kusukela entshonalanga emiphumeleni-Atlantic Ocean, futhi kusukela empumalanga - ethonyeni ePacific Ocean.

impumuzo

Andes babe Ngokwezinga elikhulu, akumangalisi ukuthi asesikhundleni izingxenye eziyisithupha zezulu. Ngokungafani Wik ku emithambekeni esentshonalanga yeziNtaba zase imvula enkulu. It ifinyelela izinkulungwane 10. Mm. Ngenxa yalokho, it siyahluka kakhulu, hhayi kuphela ukuphakama Andes, kodwa futhi landscape yabo.

Andes Cordillera impumuzo ihlukaniswe yaba izifunda ezintathu: Central, Northern futhi Wik-Andes. Umsuka izimbotshana kuhlukaniswa Cordillera imifula emikhulu njenge uMagdalena Cauca. Ziningi izintaba-mlilo. Omunye wabo, Wil ifinyelela 5750 m. Elinye Ruiz, antante 5400 m. Intabamlilo Cumbal, okuyinto manje wamanje ifinyelela ukuphakama 4890 m. Andes Ecuador eziphathelene Northern zihlanganisa uchungechunge wentaba-mlilo imakwe izintaba-mlilo eliphakeme. Chimborazo wedwa kuwufanele - ke antante 6267 m ukuphakama Cotopaxi hhayi kancane kakhulu - .. 5896 m Iphuzu esiphezulu Andes Ecuador kuyinto Huascaran - 6769 m ukuphakama ngokuphelele sentaba. Wik-Andes zihlukaniswe ku Chilean-Argentina futhi toothfish. Iphuzu esiphezulu le ngxenye - Tupungato (mayelana 6800 metres) futhi Medsedario (6770 m). ayizinkulungwane eziyisithupha kumamitha angu-eqhweni umugqa lapha.

intabamlilo llullaillaco

Lena intabamlilo kakhulu asebenzayo elise emngceleni Argentina ne-Chile. It kungokwalabo zase-Andes ePeru (Cordillera Occidental Ukhahlamba). Lokhu intabamlilo Itholakala Atacama ehlane, okuyinto ingenye yezindawo driest emhlabeni. Ukuphakama eliphelele Andes at llullaillaco intaba-mlilo 6739 amamitha. Kuyinto kunazo zonke isenzo. Endaweni lokhu intaba-mlilo eyinqaba kakhulu zase-Andes. ukuphakama Isihlobo yawo kuze kube 2.5 km. On emthambekeni esentshonalanga Volcano, emgqeni iqhwa mkhulu kunezinhliziyo 6.5 thous. M, okuyinto aphakeme bezimiso zawo emhlabeni.

Atacama ehlane

Kule ndawo engavamile, kukhona izindawo lapho angakaze imvula. Atacama Desert - endaweni driest Emhlabeni. Iqiniso ukuthi imvula awukwazi ukuthanda ugema, ngakho ukulahla ngakolunye uhlangothi ezintabeni. Sand kule ehlane inweba kufika ku ezishisayo wezinkulungwane amakhilomitha. inkungu Cold ukhuphuka uvela ulwandle - ke liwukuphela komthombo wamanzi izitshalo zendawo.

Glacier San Rafael

Enye indawo ezithakazelisayo, okuyinto Ngithanda ukukutshela - lena yeqhwa San Rafael. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi eningizimu Alpine Cordillera, lapho kubanda kakhulu. Ngesinye isikhathi kwaba amaphayona bayamangala, kusukela endaweni ekuyi-latitude efanayo e Nenkabazwe kukhona eningizimu yeFrance futhi Venice, nase lapha afumana yeqhwa San Rafael. Enaka stesyvaya nge nemithambeka, iziqongo zazo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ziye zaba libukhali steeper. ngo-1962 kuphela kwatholakala lwaluvelaphi. Ice ishidi nenkundla giant epholisa sonke isifunda.

izimila

Andes iyindawo esiyingqayizivele emhlabeni, hhayi kuphela ngenxa amagugu umxhwele, okuyizinto ububanzi nobude zezintaba. Andes kukhona olunothile kakhulu. Ezindaweni ezahlukene banayo ukunambitheka yayo. Ezintabeni zase-Andes Venezuela, isibonelo, kwi nenhlabathi obomvu sikhule nezihlahla namahlathi lezihlahla. Equatorial futhi amahlathi emvula ukumboza emithambekeni ephansi Northwest eCentral Andes. Lapha kukhona ubhanana, izitshalo iraba, ukhokho isihlahla, izihlahla, nemivini bamboo. Nokho, kukhona isikhala ezinamadwala ezingaphili eziningi bogs moss. Ezindaweni lapho ukuphakama isilinganiso Andes ezingaphezu kuka 4500 m, le ndawo ice okuphakade neqhwa. Andes Cordillera eyaziwa ngokuthi lapho kwazalelwa Cinchona, coca, utamatisi, amazambane kanye nogwayi.

emhlabeni isilwane

Nezilwane lezi izintaba Kuyathakazelisa lokungekho ngephansi. Lihlala llama, ama-alpaca, Cebidae, Pudu izinyamazane, Vicuña, bear spectacled, izimpungushe okwesibhakabhaka, Kumabheja, umzwilili, chinchillas. Zonke lezi zilwane abakhileyo ezweni lethu ingatholwa eziqiwini.

Omunye izici Andes ezihlukahlukene ezinkulu zezinto eziphilayo amphibian (mayelana 900). Ezintabeni, uhlala mayelana 600 zezilwane ezincelisayo, izinhlobo kanye kungathi izinkulungwane ezimbili zezinyoni. A ezihlukahlukene ezihlala emanzini angenawo usawoti nazo enkulu. Imifula wendawo, kunezinguqulo ezingaba ngu-400 zezinhlanzi.

Izindaba zendawo izakhamizi

Andes Cordillera, ngaphandle ezindaweni ezikude futhi kunzima akuzona ekhoneni acwebile bemvelo. Abantu bendawo ziphathwa lapha cishe njalo isiqephu sezwe. Nokho, endleleni eya Andes izivakashi kakhulu kusho "ukunakekelwa" besikhathi sethu. Sekungamakhulu eminyaka, lezi zindawo ahlale yokuphila ingashintshiwe evumela izivakashi ukuzizwa ngokwakho esikhathini esidlule.

Abavakashi ungakwazi udabule emizileni yasendulo Indian, Nokho, okuyinto, ngezinye izikhathi kuye kudingeke siyeke, ukweqa ngaphambi umhlambi guanacos, nawembuzi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ziningi kangakanani izikhathi owavakashele kulezi zintaba, ubunjalo kulezi zindawo zihlala othakazelisayo. Imihlangano nezakhamuzi zendawo nazo emnandi. indlela yabo yokuphila ikude evamile kithi. Maqhugwane kulezi zindawo zakhelwe izitini eluhlaza. Abantu bendawo baye nagezi. Ukuze uthole amanzi, bathunyelwa emfudlaneni oseduze.

Izintaba - ekhuphuka akuyona ngomqondo evamile yaleli zwi. Kunalokho, iyinhlangano uhambo phezulu emizileni emaweni. Nokho, akudingeki ukuba enze abantu ephelele futhi oqeqeshwe kahle nge imishini ekhethekile.