Ukubuyabuyelela of ikholomu. Ukubuyabuyelela nokuhlukanisa wohlu

Ngomnyaka wesithathu ka-esikoleni samabanga aphansi abantwana sebeqala ukufunda Vnetablichnoe amacala kokuphindaphinda nokuhlukanisa. Izinombolo ngaphakathi ayinkulungwane - phepha okwalotshwa kulo kukhona kahle sihloko. Ezinconyiwe Uhlelo kuhlukane kanye nokusebenza banda, idijithi kathathu izinombolo ukukhiqiza Ngokwesibonelo ngalokuvakalako. Phakathi umsebenzi isihloko uthisha uqala ukwakha ezinganeni leli khono ebalulekile njengoba kokuphindaphinda nokuhlukanisa eside. Ngo wesine grade amakhono nisebenzela uyaqhubeka, kodwa wasebenzisa impahla zezinombolo ngaphakathi kwesigidi. Division kanye ukubuyabuyelela wenziwa ikholomu ku izinombolo ezinkulu.

Kuyini ngesisekelo ukuphindwaphindwa

Umsuka isikhundla lapho ukuphindwaphindwa algorithm inombolo multivalued ngesikhathi multivalued ziyefana uma kusetshenzwa nanye. Amalungelo ezijatshulelwa izingane, kukhona eziningana. Aye "kudalulwe" abafundi ebangeni lesithathu.

Umthetho wokuqala uwukuthi bitwise. Eyesibili liqukethe usebenzisa etafuleni ukubuyabuyelela ngenxa yokugobhoza ngamunye.

Sicela uqaphele ukuthi lezi nemihlahlandlela nzima uma enza i operation nge multi izinombolo.

Eqoshiwe isibonelo esilandelayo sizokusiza uqonde ukuthi lisengozini. Lokucabanga izidingo 80 x 5 no-80 x 50.

Esimweni sokuqala, umfundi acabanga ngakho: 8 kweshumi kufanele liphindwe izikhathi ezingu-5, uzothola izikolo efanayo, futhi kuyoba khona 40 njengoba 8 x 5 = 40, 40 kweshumi - 400, ngakho-80 x 5 = 400. I algorithm agumenti elula futhi ecacile ingane. Endabeni ka izinkinga, kungaba lula ukuba uthole umphumela wokusebenzisa umphumela kwalokho. Indlela esikhundleni ukusebenza nande-buthelela angasetshenziswa ukuqinisekisa ukubalisisa kwabo.

Ukuze uthole ukubaluleka igama lesibili Kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa icala labalwa kanye 8 x 5. Kodwa lokho isigaba utawuba wathola amayunithi 40? Umbuzo izingane kakhulu namanje evulekile. Ukwamukelwa esikhundleni umphumela ukubuyabuyelela kwalokho kulokhu engenangqondo, njengoba isamba kuyoba imigomo 50, ngakho ukuyisebenzisa ukuze uthole umphumela akunakwenzeka. Kuba sobala ukuthi ulwazi ekuxazululeni isibonelo akwanele. Ngokusobala, kukhona ezinye imithetho siphindaphindeka zamadijithi amaningi. Futhi zidinga zale mbali.

Umzamo ahlangene uthisha nezingane, kuyacaca ukuthi ngenxa ukuphindwaphindwa inombolo multivalued ngesikhathi multivalued amakhono adingekayo ukusebenzisa umthetho associative, lapho esinye sezici indawo umkhiqizo (80 x 50 = 80 x 5 x 10 = 400 x 10 = 4000)

Ngaphezu kwalokho, indlela kungenzeka uma usebenzisa umthetho wokusakaza zokuphindaphinda phezu kwalokho noma nokukhipha. Kulokhu, esinye sezici kumelwe ithathelwe isikhundla isamba matemu amabili noma ngaphezulu.

umsebenzi Ucwaningo kwezingane

Abafundi ukhonza eziningana impela izibonelo lolu hlobo. Izingane isikhathi ngasinye uzama ukuthola indlela lula futhi ngokushesha ukuxazulula, kodwa kuzo ngaso sonke isikhathi kudingeka akusebenzise izixazululo ukuqopha intuthuko noma enemininingwane incazelo ngamazwi.

Thishela okwenzayo lokhu, izinjongo ezimbili. Okokuqala, izingane ziyazi, umsebenzi oyinhloko aphume endleleni yokusebenza zokuphindaphinda ngenombolo multi-zenani. Okwesibili, kufika ukuqonda ukuthi indlela ukubhala izinkulumo ezinjengokuthi endaweni kuzokuhlupha kakhulu. Kufika isikhathi lapho abafundi ngokwabo banikela ukuze ubhale ukubuyabuyelela e ikholomu.

Izigaba ukutadisha ukubuyabuyelela ngenombolo multi-zenani.

Ngo izincomo methodical ekutadisheni lesi sihloko yenziwa ngezigaba eziningana. Kufanele ulandele enye ngemva kwenye, okwenza ukuba abafundi baqonde umqondo ogcwele izenzo uphenyo. Uhlu izigaba uthisha kuvula isithombe mazombe seragelo inqubo yesicelo indaba for izingane:

• ezimele yokusesha abafundi izindlela ukuthola amanani umkhiqizo multipliers multi-zenani;
• ukuxazulula inkinga besebenzisa impahla associative, kanye ukubuyabuyelela unit ne amaqanda;
• siphindaphindeka ukuhlolwa ikhono izinombolo round;
• ukusebenzisa izibalo ngokuphathelene nempahla wokusakaza zokuphindaphinda nokukhupha;
• imisebenzi multivalued kanye ukubuyabuyelela izinombolo ikholomu.

Landela lezi zinyathelo, thishela kumele njalo unake izingane eduze uxhumano okunomqondo material ngaphambilini wafunda ukuthi yingcweti e isihloko esisha. Abafundi hhayi kuphela bekwi-ukuphindaphinda, kodwa futhi ufunde ukuqhathanisa, sifinyelela iziphetho nokwenza izinqumo.

Imisebenzi zokuphindaphinda esikoleni samabanga aphansi

Mfundisi, efundisa izibalo, uyazi ukuthi kuyofika isikhathi lapho lesine-ibanga unombuzo mayelana nendlela yokubhekana ne ukubuyabuyelela kukholomu zamadijithi amaningi. Futhi uma yena nabafundi bakhe ngesikhathi kweminyaka emithathu yokuqeqeshwa - e 2, 3, no-4 amakilasi - ngenjongo futhi ucabangisise wafunda ukuthi ithini incazelo eqondile zokuphindaphinda yonke imibuzo okuhlotshaniswa lo msebenzi, uma kuvela nobunzima kakhulu ekuthuthukeni isihloko izingane.

Imiphi imisebenzi yayikade ziqondiswe abafundi nothisha wabo?

1. Ukuba yingcweti etafuleni ukuphindwaphindwa izimo, okungukuthi, ukuthola umphumela esisodwa. Imfuneko zohlelo iwukwenza amakhono automaticity.
2. I ukubuyabuyelela izinombolo omkhulu nanye. Umphumela etholwe ukuphindaphinda izinyathelo, okuyinto izingane usunazo bephelele.
3. Ukubuyabuyelela of izinombolo multivalued kwi multivalued latenta asebentisa ukuphindaphindwa izinyathelo ezivezwe kusigaba 1 no 2. Umphumela wokugcina etholwe ngokuhlanganisa Lesisemkhatsini ukuhlanganisa amanani kanye nemikhiqizo akuphelele nge esithweni.

Ukusebenzisa ukubuyabuyelela izakhiwo

Ngaphambi lizovela Amakhasi alandelayo izibonelo ebhukwinitifundvo siphindaphindeka ikholomu 4 ikilasi kufanele ufunde kahle indlela yokusebenzisa Computing ukuba lula associative nempahla wokusakaza.

Ngokubukisisa futhi ukuqhathanisa abafundi ukuba afinyelele isiphetho sokuthi impahla associative zokuphindaphinda ukuthola umkhiqizo zamadijithi amaningi isetshenziswe kuphela uma yezimbangela kungenziwa indawo umkhiqizo idijithi nanye izinombolo. Futhi akusiyo njalo kungenzeka.

impahla wokusakaza zokuphindaphinda kuleli cala uba jikelele. Izingane uqaphela ukuthi isici Ungahlala kuthathelwe indawo isamba noma umehluko, ngakho impahla isetshenziselwa ikhambi iyiphi isibonelo ukubuyabuyelela izinombolo multidigit.

Algorithm ukuqopha ukusebenza zokuphindaphinda ngo ikholomu

Record siphindaphindeka ikholomu icwecwe kunazo zonke. Ukufundisa izingane ukuba lolu hlobo design iqala ezahlukeneyo phindaphinda izinombolo omkhulu idijithi.

Izingane bamenyiwe ukudala ukuhamba komsebenzi yabo yokwenza ukubuyabuyelela. Ukwazi leli algorithm ngeke ekuqinisekisa yimpumelelo amakhono kumiswa. Ngakho-ke, utitjhere akukafaneli kufanele bazinike isikhathi futhi uzame ukuyenza yonke imizamo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi myalo yezenzo lapho sanda ngokuphindiwe ikholomu osekufundiwe izingane ngokuthi "omuhle kakhulu".

Bonisa ikhono ukwakheka

Okokuqala, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi izibonelo ukubuyabuyelela kukholamu, enikela izingane kusukela isifundo nesifundo nzima. Ngemva baqala ukwazi ukuphindaphinda ngenombolo zamadijithi amabili okungasenani izingane zifunde ukuba bangasizakali-enamadijithi amathathu, inombolo enamadijithi amane.

Ukuze uthole izibonelo wekhono Isaphulelo ukusebenza isixazululo ngomumo kodwa phakathi kwabo ahlelwe ukuqopha amaphutha ngamabomu. Umsebenzi kubafundi ukuthola efanele, chaza isizathu nokuhlanzeka kwangaphandle nokuziphatha kwabo futhi urekhode lesifanele.

Manje, kuxazulule izinkinga, zibalo, kanye nazo zonke ezinye imisebenzi lapho kuyadingeka ukuze bafeze ukuphindwaphindwa zamadijithi amaningi, ukubhaliswa idingwa abafundi ukubhala ikholomu.

Ukuthuthukiswa of ACU engqondweni yethu ekuhloleni isihloko "Phindaphinda izinombolo kukholamu"

ukunakwa okuningi ekilasini, kwi ekutadisheni lesi sihloko, owanikwa ukuthuthukiswa yezenzo engqondweni yethu efana nokuthola izindlela ezahlukene ukuxazulula le nkinga, kukhethwa reception eyiyo.

Ukusebenzisa izifunda sokucabanga, ekutholweni ubudlelwano imbangela nemphumela, ukuhlaziya izinto waphawula esekelwe akhethiwe izici ezibalulekile - ". I ukubuyabuyelela kukholamu" elinye iqembu kumiswa amakhono yobuchopho ekuhloleni isihloko

Ukufundisa izingane izindlela sokuhlukanisa zamadijithi amaningi kanye nokubhaliswa ikholomu ukuqoshwa Kwenziwa kuphela ngemva izingane zifunde ukuba azale ande.