Izimali - Uhlelo ngezimali kuyinto .... izimali kwezemfundo

Izimali ze-project ihlanganisa Ukukhetha izindlela ezithile zokukhokha izindleko ezihlobene kusebenta kwaso, kanye ukuhlonza imithombo utshalomali isakhiwo sabo. Le ndlela isebenza njengesiqinisekiso ngendlela ukuheha izinsiza utshalomali ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuqaliswa kwe-project ekhethiwe.

ngemigomo yekhredithi

Ekufakeni izimali hlelo lubhekele ukusetshenziswa kwalezi zindlela:

- self-ngezimali, itshala imali kuphela imithombo yayo;

- Izinkampani isitokwe ngokuhlanganyela nezinye izinhlobo nokulingana ngezimali;

- nemalimboleko amabhange, kanye Ukukhishwa izibopho;

- Leasing;

- ngezimali kusukela isabelomali isimo;

- inhlanganisela lwezinhlobo ezahlukene ngezimali eshiwo ngenhla;

- iphrojekthi izimali.

project ngezimali

Le ndlela, okuyinto edinga ukunakwa ngaphezulu lesi sihloko, njengoba izincwadi kwezomnotho kukhona imibono ehlukahlukene empikiswaneni ngezithako zawo. Omunye umehluko eyinhloko definition kwaleli gama. Naphezu ukuhlukahluka nencazelo yalo kuyadingeka ukuze ukhethe emincane futhi incazelo ebanzi:

- incazelo Okubanzi kusikisela kumagama elandelayo. ezezimali Project - kuba iqoqo izindlela futhi izinhlobo izimali zokuvikela lwentuthuko ahlukahlukene. Kulokhu, umqondo kubhekwa njengento indlela olusebenza ukuba imithombo ehlukene integrated usebenzisa izindlela ezifanele, lapho izimali iphrojekthi. Futhi, kungaba zabelwe imithombo yezimali, okuyinto baqondiswa Izinjongo kuphela kahle ichazwe ngaphakathi ukuthuthukiswa utshalomali inikezwe.

- definition ewumngcingo: Project ngezimali - indlela nekuniketwa ezindaweni ezithile zomsebenzi, libhekene indlela buyiselo kokutshalwa ezinjalo. Sisho kuphela labo izimali, okuyinto eyenziwe iphrojekthi utshalomali. Futhi kule incazelo libhekene i ukusatshalaliswa kahle ahlobene ne izingozi yephrojekthi ye abathintekayo ekwenzeni lokho okuhleliwe.

Imithombo zokwabiwa kwezinsiza kusebenza zezimali

Noma yimuphi ngezimali ibhizinisi namaphrojekthi salo imithombo yezimali, okuyinto zingahlukaniswa zibe nokulingana (yangaphakathi), kanye izikweletu kanye capital baqashwe (yangaphandle). Lesi sihloko sizodingida amafomu eyinhloko imithombo efana nalena ehambisana nezinjongo ze-imali yokwakha ethize utshalomali.

Ngakho, uxhaso yasekhaya kufanele enikeziwe yinkampani, okuyinto uhlela uqondise lwentuthuko utshalomali. Nge okufanele ukusebenzisa imithombo yayo ngesimo isitoko ngokuhlanganyela (ogunyaziwe) enhlokodolobha. Ukuze kulo mthombo ingathiwa futhi ukugeleza imithombo ekhiqizwa ngokuhamba izinhlangano ibhizinisi (inzuzo net noma ukwehla). Ngesikhathi esifanayo ekuqongeleleni izinsiza ukuqaliswa yimuphi phrojekthi kumelwe ibe orientation target, okuyinto ibangelwa ngokuhlinzekwa isabelomali ayo kule nto kwezindleko.

Le mali ibhizinisi ingasetshenziswa kuphela ngenxa lwentuthuko naphakathi. A amaphrojekthi dolobha khudlwana ezidinga utshalomali olwengeziwe, ikakhulukazi usekelwa imithombo eyengeziwe.

uxhaso kwangaphandle - ukusetshenziswa emithonjeni efana indlela weemali ehlukahlukene kanye nezikhungo ze-non-zezimali (isimo, umphakathi kanye zimali angaphandle), iminikelo eyengeziwe kwezimali abasunguli inhlangano ibhizinisi. Lokhu utshalomali esebenzisa ukuhlanganisa izimali ezibolekwe ngesimo nokulingana ngezimali kanye nemithombo waboleka nge edonsa credit uxhaso.

Imithombo imali eyengeziwe: ngebuhle nebubi

Ekwenziweni kwamaphrojekthi ahlukahlukene utshalomali kumele silungisiswe uxhaso isu, ukuhlolisiswa zonke izindlela kunokwenzeka nemithombo uxhaso, futhi kufanele kwenziwe design ngokucophelela uhlelo ukubandakanywa imali eyengeziwe ukuze ukhokhele konke izindleko ezihambisana isiqondiso womsebenzi yombambiqhaza.

Ngakho, kakade evunywe isikimu ngezimali kumele ahlinzeke:

- ivolumu utshalomali okudingekayo ukuqaliswa iphrojekthi ithuthukiswe inani, futhi esigabeni ngasinye nokuqaliswa kwalo;

- nokwenza indlela akheke ngayo imithombo yezimali;

- esiphezulu ukunciphisa capital izindleko nezingozi iphrojekthi.

izimali kwezemfundo

Imfundo ngempela wemboni ebalulekile emphakathini, ezidinga imali eyengeziwe eziningi ezithile. imithombo zako ziyizindlela:

- amabhajethi emazingeni ehlukene;

- ukuhlinzekwa kwezinsizakalo ukhokhelwe emkhakheni wezemfundo;

- imisebenzi yesayensi izikhungo ezifana ne ukuqaliswa alandelayo imiphumela yalo;

- ukuqaliswa ibhizinisi zalezi zinhlangano, imisebenzi non-zesayensi kanye nemfundo.

Ebhekisela izibalo, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi namuhla kamasipala kanye nesimo uxhaso kumiswa kuthatha ngokulandelana 3% we-GDP, futhi kusho izinhlangano kanye nabantu kule ndawo ingena oda 2% we-GDP.

Isu lwezezimali kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali kwenhlangano

Lo mqondo izitshela ukuthi sesisonke kwezinqumo ezithile, okuyinto lihambisana okuyizidingo eziseqhulwini, ukukhethwa kanye nobungako emithonjeni ukusetshenziswa imithombo ehlukene. Le mali - kuyindlela ukubhekana lobuchwepheshe, ukumaketha, izinqubomgomo kwezenhlalo kanye nokubusa. Kulesi emaphakathi isikhundla babelwe ukumaketha isu ukuthi kakhulu eheha nezinye izingxenye isixazululo kule kweminye imikhakha (lobuchwepheshe, ukuphathwa kanye nomphakathi). Nokho, lezi zindawo zokuthathwa kwezinqumo kanye ezingase zithathwe ngokuzimela.