Isifo sofuba esweni: izimbangela kungenzeka, izimpawu, nokwelashwa

Naphezu kwentuthuko yezokwelapha yanamuhla, isifo sofuba minyaka yonke uthi izimpilo 3 million abantu emhlabeni. Lesi sifo kungathinta amaphaphu abantu nje kuphela, kodwa futhi eziningi nezinye izitho zakhe kanye nezinhlelo. Isifo sofuba esweni libhekisela izifo ezithathelwanayo kunzima ukuxilonga nokuba belaphe ngokuphelele. esiyingozi nakakhulu ukuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo ngo-izingane, njengoba ngokungabi bikho ukwelashwa okufanele futhi ifike ngesikhathi kungaholela meningitis, sepsis nezinye eziyingozi.

Izimbangela isifo

Uma uhlelo umuntu sokuzivikela ukusebenza ngokujwayelekile, ukungena emzimbeni mycobacteria akusito izimbangela isifo sofuba. Ngosizo amabutho okuvikela amagciwane alien kungenziwa wahlulwa namangqamuzana akhethekile ukuvimbela ukusabalala kwesifo. Kodwa nge system ababuthakathaka mzimba, inani elikhulu namagciwane abangela izifo futhi khona izici ezingezinhle engaqondile amathuba ukuthi isifo sofuba amehlo namanje ukuthuthukisa eliphezulu kakhulu.

Okuyizici ezinomthelela ukuthuthukiswa lesi sifo:

• ekudleni kanye amavithamini;
• bahlala ezindlini ezingekho ezingeni kanye nezimo abasebenza ngaphansi kwazo;
• ukuntuleka khona abantu emoyeni opholile kanye ilanga;
• ukungezwani psycho-ngokomzwelo nokucindezeleka;
• nokungalali futhi siphumule;
• imikhuba emibi;
• khona emzimbeni ezingamahlalakhona ukuvuvukala foci;
• ezifweni ezimbi kwesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ezifweni.

ngezigaba

isifo samehlo e sofuba bungabi kobukhulu obuhlukahlukene kuncike uhlobo lesi sifo. It kuncike ukwelashwa ongakhetha futhi Izibikezelo lesi sifo. Kukhona 4 ezahlukeneyo lesi sifo:

• sofuba mucosa;
• kwezinso of the imisipha iso, eyelashes, apharathasi lacrimal, conjunctiva noma uwanike ukozela amehlo;
• izinguquko sokugembula yesibili emehlweni sofuba isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko noma wamaphaphu;
• izilonda ezithathelwanayo kanye iguliswa we-apharathasi iso.

Emacaleni ezimbili zokuqala sikhuluma ukutheleleka okuyisisekelo ngu mycobacteria nokukhiqizwa zabo ngqo izicubu iso. Lezi zinhlobo kwezinso mancane ezivamile kuka ifomu lesi sifo elihlobene ne njengemithi yokungezwani komzimba nokuthile, noma ukugxila okukhulu sofuba kwezinye izitho. Kulezi zimo, izimpawu ocular ngezinye izikhathi indiva ngenxa izimpawu evelele main. Kodwa kungase kubabangele ukulahlekelwa umbono esikhathini esizayo, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuba aqaphele futhi baqala ukwelashwa.

Izimpawu sofuba eyinhloko iso futhi adnexa

Ezinye izifo ngenxa yokungabi bikho izimpawu ezithile kunzima ukuqaphela ukuthi isheshe itholakale. Enye yalezi izifo - amehlo sofuba, izimpawu zazo zifana izifo eziningi ocular. Zingase zihluke kuye kwasendaweni ukutheleleka.

Ngo ukutheleleka okuyisisekelo ngesifo sofuba nokuthuthukiswa yayo umbono kwezitho isiguli yokuqala waphawula izimpawu conjunctivitis evamile: ububomvu, imithambo yegazi, ukuvuvukala Isivalo, amehlo zamanzi. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo lymph lwezimpawu akhiwa ngaphakathi iso, okuyinto ukwandisa ngobukhulu kanye nesikhathi ngaphandle kokwelashwa kungaholela ithumba.

Isifo sofuba adnexa esweni (ezifana Isivalo noma Amapayipi izinyembezi) akuvamile. Ngakho esikhumbeni futhi ulwelwesi lwamafinyila zenzeka abavusa uhlevane, okuyinto necrose kwezicubu ithumba ne isikhathi. Lokhu kungaholela kombhala amajwabu amehlo engenhla nengezansi, futhi kubangele nezibazi izinguquko isikhumba.

Isifo sofuba esweni: izimpawu, izimpawu zokuqala i nature iguliswa zezifo kanye lesion yesibili

Ngo izimpawu ezithathelwanayo kanye iguliswa sofuba ngokucijile uzwakalise, futhi kuncane noma akukho nhlobo isikhathi bayashintshana ekufukameleni. Inqubo isifo ngokuvamile kuhilela kokubili amehlo, nakuba izimpawu kungenzeka evelele nanoma yimuphi ngalapha. Isikhathi kwesikhathi okukhulu izinsuku eziningana noma ezingu-2. Ukuze lolu hlobo sifo libhekene ezifana izimpawu sofuba kwamehlo:

• amehlo zamanzi;
• mucositis;
• ukulunywa futhi esivuthayo;
• photophobia;
• soreness.

Uma izimpawu ezingemnandi esweni okubangwa ubuchopho eyinhloko noma umgogodla intambo sofuba, ithambekele ibhekwa izimpawu jikelele zezinzwa. Lezi ziguli kaningi kakhulu kuthinta ingxenye ngemuva choroid, lapho kukhona emaphaketheni ukuvuvukala (granulomas) nge lymphoid. Emtholampilo ke kubonakala kwehle acuity ezibukwayo futhi ingaphazamisi mbono. Lesi sifo ongase aphathwe yisifo babazi noma uthuthuka kancane kancane.

Indlela bahlonze izifo?

Ukuxilongwa iso sofuba nzima ngenxa yokuswela izimpawu ezithile, ngoba izimpawu zaso zifana nezinye izifo iso. Ukungakwazi athathe isampula le-izicubu ngoba kokuhlahlela khona mycobacteria futhi kwenza uphethwe. Uma kukhona izikhalazo, okubonisa ukuthi kungenzeka sofuba nesineke udokotela, kuyatuseka ukuba kudlule uchungechunge nemnyaka:

• kwencazelo Amasimu ezibukwayo futhi ezibukwayo;
• nesilinganiso ingcindezi intraocular;
• luhlolo we fundus ;
• amehlo US ;
• angiography ngwengwzi;
• tuberculin isampula;
• ukuphathwa zokuxilonga izidakamizwa elwa ne-TB.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, isiguli kuyadingeka ukwenza X-ray of the ingaphakathi esifubeni kanye imaging we mediastinum, ngoba lapho iso iguliswa sofuba zivame abavusa izilonda. Ukuze uqonde isimo jikelele zomzimba lesiguli njengoba emitholampilo ukuhlolwa kwegazi kanye nomchamo angabelwa.

Izindlela ukutheleleka

Isifo sofuba esweni singenzeka ngenxa siyathelelana ngegazi noma ukuthintana ngqo ejenti kusuka imvelo bangaphandle. Hematogenous ukudluliswa indlela kungenzeka khona emzimbeni ukugxila okukhulu kwalesi sifo. Izinketho ukuthola mycobacteria kusukela imvelo ukuze umuntu abe nempilo enhle lokhu okulandelayo:

• indlela sisemoyeni (ukukhuluma, ukhwehlela noma ukuhlala nokunwetshiwe egumbini elilodwa njengoba isiguli);
• contact-yasendlini indlela (ukusetshenziswa enobuthi izimpahla zasendlini);
• indlela fecal-setemlomo (amagciwane nabo ukudla noma amanzi).

Mycobacteria ungagcina edlule yokuba matasa pathogenic ezindaweni ezimnyama enothuli, ngakho-ke lapho ephefumula lomoya abantu nge buthaka omzimba kuyinto ingozi yokutheleleka. Ngezinye izikhathi lesi sifo idluliselwa nge igazi lilimele ubuqotho isikhumba noma mpo (kumama kuya enganeni). Kodwa iningi ukudluliswa lihlotshaniswa khona mycobacteria emoyeni.

Izimpawu zesifo ebuntwaneni

Njengoba uhlelo wengane mzimba ayisebenzi njengelisebenzayo njengomuntu omdala, noma yikuphi izifo ezingathi sína kwababhemayo yingozi enkulu kuye. Isifo sofuba esweni ezinganeni ngokuvamile iguliswa ngokwemvelo, noma ubufakazi yesibili inqubo yamaphaphu asebenzayo. Ngokwaso ukubonakaliswa lokuqala lale ukutheleleka kuphela kwenzeka kwezitho wabo ezingavamile kakhulu.

Sikhishwe propensity ngenxa nje okungaqondile yenqubo pathologic, ekwelapheni isifo sofuba kufanele njalo zihlanganisa ukwelashwa inpatient kuze ukululama ephelele. Ngesikhathi esifanayo babe nekhono kabusha izicubu kabana izingane kuyinto ephakeme, ngakho ingane njalo ithuba yokwelashwa okuphumelelayo ngaphandle lokubuya kwesifo eminye kanye nezinkinga.

ukwelashwa kuhlinzwa

ukwelashwa Ngempumelelo kuzomele sifake ukufakwa amakhemikhali alwa namagciwane isinyathelo ezivamile, ngisho noma kuyinto ifomu extra-yamaphaphu lesi sifo, esithinta isitho esithile esisodwa. Ngokwesibonelo, isifo sofuba iso, okuyinto evame kakhulu izimpawu basuke bagxila kule ndawo kusafanele iphathwa ngosizo circuit ihlanganiswe.

Lapho zokugula kuhlinzwa kwezinye izimo kungenzeka ukuhlinzwa eziphuthumayo ukuze silondoloze umbono womuntu. Kulokhu, kufanele iqhutshwe parallel yokwelapha ngemithi elwa namagciwane. Kodwa uma kungekho sidingo esiphuthumayo ukuze ligweme izinkinga ezingase zivele, kungcono ukuba afeze emva kokuphothulwa egcwele inkambo yokwelapha.

Isifo sofuba esweni: ukwelashwa ngaphandle kokuhlinzwa

ukwelashwa olunzulu isifo kuhilela ukusetshenziswa kwemithi elwa namagciwane, amakhemikhali kanye modulators mzimba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-ejenti ngempumuzo lingaze isiguli kuncike isithombe emtholampilo esimisiwe. Zonke izidakamizwa elwa ne-TB kobukhulu isenzo zingahlukaniswa zibe 3 amakilasi:

• ejenti anamandla ( "INH" "rifampicin");
• izidakamizwa amandla isilinganiso ( "Kanamycin" "i-streptomycin" "Prothionamide");
• Ukuthaka imithi ngendlela ngokulinganisela nomphumela oqabulayo ( "acid p-aminosalicylic," "Thioacetazone").

mode kwabo abaphathi kanye umthamo Kufanele ukhethe phthisiatrician, banikezwe izici inqubo pathologic ngamunye icala ngabanye. Ngo nokopha okukhulu kwe-retina ngaphambi ukusebenzisa le mithi ezidingekayo yokwelapha okuyinto normalizes semithambo iso. Ngaphambi ekulinganiseni nesineke kuye kuboniswe ukwelashwa inpatient.

zokuvimbela

Vimbela sofuba Ilihlo lula kunalokho nokuliphatha. Ukuze zokuvimbela ethize kunokuhlakanipha BCG wokugoma, esivikela umzimba womuntu kusuka zonke izinhlobo lesi sifo esikhohlisayo. Kunconywa ukwethula izingane emva kokuzalwa ukuze udale amasosha omzimba asebenzayo.

Ukuze zokuvimbela nonspecific sofuba kubalulekile ukugcina imithetho elandelayo:

• ahole indlela yokuphila enempilo;
• okunengqondo ukudla;
• njalo afeze yokuhlanza ezimanzi efulethini futhi ngokucophelela Sula othulini;
• baphathe imali eyanele isikhathi ngaphandle;
• yokuzijwayeza noma yimuphi umdlalo elula for ngcono impilo;
• ukuphumula evamile futhi ubuthongo;
• kanye ngonyaka ibhekane esifubeni x-ray (ukuqala eneminyaka engu-15 ubudala).

Lapho yimuphi izimpawu ongaziwa wena kufanele ngaphandle kokulibala uye kudokotela uyofuna icebiso, njengoba kwaba njalo endabeni ka-sofuba kungasiza ulondoloze impilo, umbono ovamile futhi nokwanelisayo.