Izigaba zomlando zokuthuthukiswa komuntu

Njengamanje, indlela yomlando eyahamba isintu ihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezilandelayo: i- epoch yokuqala, umlando wezwe lasendulo, ama-Middle Ages, i- New, Isikhathi esisha kakhulu. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi namuhla, phakathi kwabesosayensi abahlola izigaba zokuthuthukiswa komuntu, akukho mqondo ovamile ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwesikhathi. Ngakho-ke, kunezikhathi ezithile ezikhethekile ezikhethiwe, okuyingxenye ebonisa isimo semikhawulo, futhi jikelele, okungukuthi. Umlando.

Kulezi zikhathi ezikhethekile, ukubaluleka kwemvubukulo kubaluleke kakhulu kwisayensi, esekelwe ekuhlukeni kwezikhali zomsebenzi.

Izigaba zokuthuthukiswa komuntu we-epoch zakudala zithathwa eminyakeni engaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-1.5 edlule. Isisekelo sokutadisha kwawo kwakuyizinsalela zamanoni asezindaweni zasendulo, ukuqoshwa kwamadwala nokumbelwa, okwakuboniswa ngesikhathi sokucwaningwa kwezinto zakudala. I-anthropology yisayensi ephathelene nokubuyiselwa kokubonakala komuntu odala. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukuvela komuntu, kuphelela ngokuvela kwesimo sombuso.

Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, izigaba ezilandelayo zokuthuthukiswa komuntu zihlukaniswa: i-anthropogenesis (ukuziphendukela kwemvelo, okwaphela eminyakeni engaba ngu-40 000 eyedlule futhi kwaholela ekukhuleni kwezinhlobo zendoda enengqondo) kanye ne-sociogenesis (ukwakheka kwamafomu okuphila komphakathi).

Umlando wezwe lasendulo uqala ukubalwa kwawo esikhathini sokuqala kwezigaba zokuqala. Izinkathi zokuthuthukiswa kwesintu, ezivezwe kule nkathi, ziyizinto eziyimfihlakalo kakhulu. Imiphakathi yasendulo iye yashiya izikhumbuzo nezinsimbi zokwakha, izibonelo zobuciko obuvelele nokudweba, okuye kwasinda kuze kube yilolu suku. Le nkathi ibhekisela ku-IV-III yeminyaka eyikhulu BC. Ngalesi sikhathi, kwaba nokuhlukaniswa emphakathini phakathi kwababusi kanye nababusi, abampofu kanye nezinkomo, kwavela ubugqila. Uhlelo lwesigqila lwafinyelela kuma-apogee alo esikhathini esidala, lapho kwakukhona ukuqhutshwa kwemiphakathi ye-Ancient Greece ne-Ancient Ancient.

Isayensi yaseRussia neyesentshonalanga ibhekisela ekuqaleni kweNkathi Ephakathi ukuwa kweMbuso WaseMpumalanga WaseRoma, okwenzeka ekupheleni kwekhulu lesihlanu. Kodwa-ke, kuyi-encyclopedia "History of Humanity", eyakhishwa yi-UNESCO, ukuqala kwalesi sigaba kubhekwa njengesikhashana ukuvela kwamaSulumane, okwavela kakade ngekhulu lesikhombisa.

Izinyathelo zokuthuthukiswa kwesintu ezinyangeni eziphakathi zihlukaniswa ngezikhathi ezintathu: ekuqaleni (ngekhulu lesihlanu leminyaka - phakathi kwekhulu lama-11), phezulu (phakathi kwekhulu le-11 - ekupheleni kwekhulu le-14), kamuva (eminyaka eyi-14-16). Kweminye imithombo yempucuko, i-Ancient World kanye neMinyaka Ephakathi ayinqunywanga ngaphakathi kohlaka lwamazwi "lwesigaba sokukhula" futhi ibhekwa njengomphakathi wendabuko osekelwe emnothweni wemvelo / wemvelo.

Ngesikhathi se-New Age, kwakhiwa impucuko yezimboni kanye ne-capitalist. Izigaba zokuthuthukiswa kwesintu kulesi sigaba zihlukaniswe ngezigaba eziningana.

Okokuqala. Ivela lapho izinguquko zenzeka emhlabeni ohloswe ukuphonsa phansi uhlelo lweklasi. Okuqala kwalokhu kwenzeka eNgilandi eminyakeni engu-1640 kuya ku-1660.

Isikhathi sesibili safika emva kwe-Great French Revolution (1789-1794). Ngalesi sikhathi kukhona ukukhula okusheshayo kwemibuso yamakholoni, ukuhlukaniswa kwemisebenzi emazweni angaphandle.

Isikhathi sesithathu sifika ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 futhi sibonakala ngokuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwempucuko yezimboni, eyenzeka ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa kwezindawo ezintsha.

Umlando omusha kanye nokuhlola kwawo okwamanje kunengxabano. Nokho, ngaphakathi kohlaka lwayo, izigaba ezilandelayo zokuthuthukiswa komuntu ziyahlukahluka. Itafula, elitholakala ezincwadini zezikole, libonisa ukuthi le nkathi inezinkathi ezimbili eziyinhloko. Eyokuqala yaqala ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 futhi ithinta lonke ingxenye yokuqala yekhulu lama-20 - i-New Age yokuqala.

Inkinga enkulu, ukuphikisana okukhulu, ukubhujiswa kwezinhlelo zamakholoni zaseYurophu, izimo zeMpi Yomshoshaphansi. Izinguquko ezifanelekayo zenzeka kuphela engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu lama-20, lapho isimo somsebenzi wezisebenzi sashintsha ngokuthuthukiswa kwama robot wezimboni kanye nokwanda kwama computer. Izinguquko nazo zathinta i-international sphere, lapho ukubambisana kufika endaweni yokuphikisana.