Izibhebhe ze-polar: I-Red Book yaseRussia

Namuhla, kunezinhlobo eziningi zezilwane eMhlabeni ezidinga ukunakwa okukhethekile ngenxa yokuthi zingavamile futhi esikhathini esizayo esiseduze zingase zisongelwe ukuqedwa. Leli qembu lihlanganisa izilwane ezinjengezibhebhe ze-polar. Ibhuku Elibomvu lenzelwe ukugcina amarekhodi ezinhlobonhlobo zezilwane ezingavamile nezingozi, ezinye zamakhasi alo zinikezelwe ebhere le-polar.

Izindawo zokuhlala zezinyosi

Lolu hlobo lwezilwane lunentshisekelo kakade ngoba abameleli balo bahlala ezindaweni ezingafanelekile ekuphileni. Kungenxa ye-Arctic ngesimo sezulu esinzima. Ukushisa kwezinga eliphansi lomoya, ubusika obude, ubusuku obumnyama abuzange bube yisithiyo ebhere le-polar.

Ama-expanses e-Arctic Ocean aneziqhingi zawo ezingenasiphelo, emaphethelweni asenyakatho ye-Eurasia neNyakatho Melika - indawo lapho ibhere le-polar lihlala khona.
Incwadi Ebomvu, i-encyclopedias ehlukahlukene neminye imithombo eminingi, enikeza ulwazi ngalesi silwane, ikhomba umehluko walo omkhulu kwezinye izinhlobo zezinyosi ezihlala kule planethi. Ezinye izici zesilwane zingaboniswa ngisho negama layo. Kusukela olimini lwabantu abathile noma imithombo yesazi kuyaziwa ukuthi isilwane sabizwa ngezindlela ezahlukene - i-sea, nenyakatho, nebhethri ye-polar.

Izindlela zokuziphendukela kwemvelo

Ososayensi isikhathi eside bakholelwa ukuthi izindlela zokuthuthukiswa kwebhere elimhlophe nelomnyama lahlakazeka cishe eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane eziyikhulu namashumi amahlanu edlule. Futhi lokhu kwenzeke endaweni yeplanethi i-Ireland yanamuhla ehlala kuyo. Kodwa ucwaningo lwamuva luye lwabalulekile ukuthi ushintshe leli phuzu lokubuka. Namuhla, isayensi ithi ukuhlukaniswa kwezinhlobo zezilwane kwenzeka kakhulu ekuqaleni - isilinganiso seminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezingamakhulu ayisithupha edlule. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi eside, lezi zilwane zahlukana, azihlolisanga nje kuphela indawo yokuhlala, izimo zokudla, kodwa futhi nokubonakala kwangaphandle, nakuba izinto ezibonakalayo zibonisa ukuthi lezi zilwane zazikade zinekhokho ovamile.

Okuvamile iqiniso elidabukisayo lokuthi zonke izinyosi namuhla ziyizilwane zeBhuku Elibomvu. Ibhere le- polar , i-brown, i- Himalayan nezinye izinhlobo zezilwane eziyingqayizivele zidinga ukuvikelwa, okungazitholela kuphela abantu. Noma kunjalo, nguye owaba isizathu esiyinhloko sokunciphisa izinombolo zabo eMhlabeni.

Ungathola konke mayelana nebhebhe elimhlophe, kanye nezihlobo zalo, emakhasini amaningi ezincwadi, lapho izifundo zesayensi, izindaba zabantu abahlangabezana nemvelo nalezi zilwane eziyingqayizivele futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ezibekwe kakhulu.

Kumele ngithi njalo umhlangano awuphelile ngempumelelo, ngaphandle kwemiphumela ebuhlungu, uma ababambiqhaza beyindoda kanye nebhere le-polar. Ngakho-ke iBhuku eliBomvu lavela ukuthi abantu ngezinye izikhathi bazama ukuvimbela izenzo zesilwane futhi babhubhise ngaphambi kokuba yena ngokwakhe ahlasela umuntu noma ikhaya lakhe. Kodwa hhayi njalo izenzo zabantu zazizwakala kahle, futhi ngenxa yalokho lokhu kwaholela ekunciphiseni inani lebhere labanye.

Ukubukeka kanye nezici zesakhiwo somzimba

Intamo ende, ikhanda eliphambene nhlobo umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwebheyi le-polar kanye nebhere elimnyama ngesakhiwo somzimba. Imilenze yesilwane inokubonakala okufana nessika. Izinyawo kakhulu kakhulu. Lokhu kusiza izingodo ukuhamba phakathi kweqhwa elijulile ngaphandle kokuwela. Ngenxa yesakhiwo esikhethekile sonyawo nokuthi zimbozwe ngeboya, izinsimbi ze-polar zingahamba kalula phezu kweqhwa. Naphezu kwesisindo esikhulu somzimba, bawunqoba kalula ama-hummocks kuze kube ngamamitha amabili phezulu.

Umbala wesikhumba sebheyi ubumnyama, futhi isikhumba sinombala ovela kumhlophe kuya ku-yellow hue. Umbala onjalo woboya bebhere uthola ehlobo, lapho ilanga lizwa ngokukhethekile.

Izinhlobo zezinyosi ze-polar

Izinhlobo zezilwane ezihlala ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zendawo enkulu ye-Arctic, zinehluko phakathi kwazo. Amabhere ama-polar amakhulu kakhulu ahlala eziqhingini zeLwandle lwaseBering. Abantu besisindo esingamakhilogremu angu-1000 ngobude bomzimba kuze kube ngamamitha amathathu.

Iningi lezinhlobo zezinyosi ze-polar ezikhona zifinyelela kuma-kilogremu angu-450 wesisindo endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha amabili. Amantombazane amancane kakhulu kunamadoda. Isisindo sabo singamamitha ayi-300 kilogram.

Iziqhingi zaseSpitsbergen yizindawo zokuhlala ezincane kunazo zonke lezi zilwane ezidakayo, njengezibhebhe ze-polar. I-Red Book ivikele zonke izinhlobo zezinyosi ezikhona e-Arctic.

Ukuguqula ukuphila ekuphileni kwe-Arctic

Incwadi Ebomvu YeRussia ibonisa ukukhathazeka okukhethekile kumnikazi wezintaba zeqhwa . Ibhere le-polar lihlala kuphela e-Arctic, iningi lawo lingelaseRussia. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izibhebhe ze-polar zitholakala engxenyeni yezwekazi lase-Eurasia endaweni yezintaba zeqhwa.

Kwezinye izindawo zomhlaba ibhere le-polar alihlali. Kunezimo lapho izilwane eziseqhweni zeqhwa ziwela ezimweni ezifudumayo zezulu, futhi lokhu kwabangela izinkinga ezinkulu.

Lesi silwane sasivumelane kanjani nezimo ezinzima zokuphila e-Arctic? Okokuqala, umzimba ugcwele ubuningi obukhulu. Okwesibili, isakhiwo sezinwele zisiza ukugcina umoya kuwo, okwenza ubuchopho bufudumele. Uhlaka oluthile lwezicubu ezinamafutha nalo lusindisa umzimba wesilwane kusuka e-hypothermia. Ngesikhathi esibi kakhulu sonyaka ubukhulu bawo buba ngamasentimitha ayishumi.

Njengoba ukuthungwa okunjalo okushisa, amabhere, amaqhwa amakhulu, amanzi aseqhwa olwandle nolwandle olusenyakatho abesabi amahabhere. Izibhebhe ze-polar zigejimi ezinhle kakhulu. Efuna inyamazane, bangakwazi ukugibela amakhilomitha angu-80 ngosuku. Kulokhu basizwa isakhiwo esikhethekile samapayipi, phakathi kweminwe yayo enezinambuzane. Lapho ubhukuda, izitho zesilwane zisebenza njengezimpi.

Kuyini ukudla kwebhebhu elisenyakatho

Ibhere le-polar liyisidla, ngakho lidla inyama yezilwane ezihlala eduze kwayo. Ibhere lizingela emanzini nasemhlabeni. Njengoba izilwane ezincane, njenge-seal, isilwane sisebenza ngokulula emanzini. Uzwa isisulu ngesikhwama, bese uyiphonsa eqhweni.

Ukuphikisana ne-walrus kungenziwa kuphela ithwala le-polar emhlabeni. Isikhumba sezilwane ezifile kanye namafutha yisidlo esikhulu sezilwane. Uma kungekho njala enkulu, khona-ke ibhere liyashiya inyama engayitholi, idliwa ezinye izilwane ezincane.

Izizathu zokunciphisa inani lezilwane

Noma ubani ozama ukuthola konke mayelana nebhebhe le-polar uzothola kalula ukuthi enye ithwala empilweni yakhe ayikwazi ukukhiqiza okungaphezu kwama-cubs ayishumi nanhlanu. Lapho ukondla inzalo, ukufa kwezilwane ezincane akunakugwemeka - izimo ezimbi zokuphila zizenza zizizwe. Uma kuqhathaniswa namaqiniso amabili, akulula ukucabanga ukuthi kungenzeka ukunciphisa inani lezilwane ngezizathu zemvelo.

Kulokhu sidinga ukwengeza amaqiniso wokuzingela ngokungemthetho, okuyizinto okuqhubekayo zibe yizibhebhe ze-polar. Incwadi Ebomvu yezwe lakithi namanye amazwe omhlaba uzama ukuyeka inqubo yokunciphisa inani lalezi zilwane.

Izilwane ze-Red Book ye-Russian Federation

Ibhere le-polar, kanye nezinye izilwane, lilokhu livikelekile kuhulumeni kusukela ngo-1956. Engxenyeni yeRussia ukuzingela yona ivinjelwe ngokuphelele. Emazweni afana neCanada, i-United States, inqunyelwe.

Kubantu abahlala ezindaweni ezisenyakatho zomhlaba, izinyosi ze-polar sekuyisikhathi eside zifuna ukuzingela. Incwadi ebomvu yezinhlangano ezithakazelisayo ekulondolozeni isilwane sazama ukushintsha isimo.

Inyama nesikhumba sezinyosi, ngenxa yokuthi babhubhisa, ezweni lanamuhla akuwona kuphela umthombo wokudla otholakala kubantu, izinto ezisetshenziselwa ukuhlela indawo yokuhlala, ukwenza izingubo. Ngakho-ke ukuzingela amabhere kuyeke ukubhekwa njengesidingo. Ihlukaniswa njenge-poaching futhi ishushiswa ngumthetho.

Ngenxa yezinyathelo ezithathwe, isilwane esingavamile - ibhere le-polar - lisindiswe. I-Red Book ichaze inombolo nenhlobo yabantu ngo-1993. Ngalesi sikhathi, hhayi kuphela ukubuyiselwa kwabantu ngabanye, kodwa futhi nokwanda okuncane kwenani lezilwane.