Ixhunyiwe inkulumo - it is ... inkulumo exhunywe izingane zasenkulisa: ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokwakhiwa

Ukuzethemba, ukuzimisela, ukuthola indawo yabo emphakathini - konke lokhu kuhlobene ukuthuthukiswa yokukhuluma, ikhono ukuveza imibono yabo ngendlela efanele necacile. inkulumo axhunyiwe - inhlangano izingcezwana eziyizinsalela, okubonisa ezicacisiwe futhi saphatha incazelo eyodwa.

Lapho kuzalwa ingane wabeka ezazidingeka yokukhuluma. Umsebenzi oyinhloko abadala nothisha - ilungelo bathuthukiswe. Phela, lo mntwana akha inkulumo anokuhambisana - isihluthulelo ukuthuthukiswa yimpumelelo esizayo yalowo muntfu. Lisho ukuthini leli umqondo? inkulumo axhunyiwe - yikhono bahlanganise nokuveza abakucabangayo.

izinhlobo yokukhuluma

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko yokukhuluma anokuhambisana:

• Monologue.
• Dialogic.

Eyokuqala kudinga elikhulu emakhonweni. On indlela efanele waveza umqondo kuxhomeke endleleni abanye baqonde ke. Umlandi kudinga nenkumbulo enhle, isicelo efanele ijubane inkulumo, ukucabanga okunengqondo ukuthi indaba kwakuzwakala njalo futhi ngokucacile.

Uma inkhulumiswano akuyona ngokuvamile kunzima umfutho ngamazwi isicelo. It has no ukulandelana ecacile nenengqondo. Direction ingxoxo ziyahlukahluka ezinqumela ukuphendukela kunoma iluphi uhlangothi.

Bookmark amakhono inkulumo

Ukwakhiwa yokukhuluma anokuhambisana senzeka ngezigaba eziningana.

Isigaba 1 - wokulungiselela, kusuka 0 kuya 1 unyaka. Kulesi sigaba, ingane ihlangana ne imisindo. ngesonto wakhe wokuqala, wakhipha nje ulalela inkulumo omdala, ngenkathi wakha iqoqo lesilinganiselwa imisindo, bakhipha ukukhala kuqala. Kamuva livela Babble, esakhiwa imisindo nemiyalezo azishilo.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo ukukhombisa izinto ingane futhi ngokuthi esibonisa imisindo yawo. Ngokwesibonelo: iwashi - tick-tock, Vodicka - ukuvuza-ukuvuza. Kamuva, ingane iphendula igama kwaleso sifundvo lubuye embuka. Ekupheleni konyaka wokuqala imvuthuluka eletha amaqoqo ngabanye.

isigaba 2nd - pre-school, kusukela kuya kwemithathu. Okokuqala, ingane usho amazwi elula kokubili kuncike futhi isenzo. Ngokwesibonelo, igama elithi "ukunikeza" kid imele futhi isihloko kanye nesifiso salo, futhi isicelo, ngakho ukuqonda abantu bayo abaseduze kuphela. Ngemva kwenkathi ethile, kukhona imisho elula, ingane iqala ukuveza kahle imicabango yabo. Kwaphela iminyaka emithathu e inkulumo esetshenziswa tandziso. Iqala amacala afanayo futhi lunomusa.

isigaba 3rd - pre-school, kusukela eminyakeni emi-3 kuya ku-7. Lesikhatsi lesi baqaphela ngokwengeziwe ukuthi ungubani kumiswa. iminyaka Eduzane 7 kwakhiwa apharathasi vocal, ecacile umsindo kwesokudla. Ingane iqala ngokuphumelelayo ekwakheni imisho, ngoba kakade iye futhi avuselelwe silulumagama.

4th esiteji - esikoleni, bethabathela kominyaka imashumi 7 kuya ku-17. Isici esiyinhloko ukuthuthukiswa kolimi kulesi sigaba, uma iqhathaniswa naso odlule - kuyinto nokwenziwa yayo bayazi. Izingane balukhulume ukuhlaziywa umsindo, sigxilise imitsetfo yeluhlelo for ukwakha imisho ngawo. Iqhaza ehola kungokwalabo lokubhala.

Lezi izigaba akuzona esiqinile, imingcele ecacile. Ngamunye wabo wabe ngokushelela kwalokho.

Ukuthuthukiswa yokukhuluma lovumelanako izingane zasenkulisa

Ngemva kokuqala ehamba ensimini e ingane kwesimo, kanye nalo - ifomu yokukhuluma. Njengoba ingane kufika eminyakeni engu-3 ubudala uhlale eduze nabantu abasondelene naye, konke ukuxhumana yakhiwe ngesicelo sakhe kubantu abadala. Kukhona ifomu dialogical yokukhuluma: abadala ukubuza imibuzo, futhi izimpendulo ingane. Kamuva, ingane unesifiso ukutshela okuthile, ukuze sidlulisele imizwa yabo ngemva uhambo, abafundi esele abantu abaseduze hhayi kuphela. Iqala kanjalo-ke wabeka Monologue ifomu yokukhuluma.

Konke ixhunywe. Nokho, ukuxhumana yakha ukuthuthukiswa ushintsho. Ukumelwa wengane inkulumo axhunyiwe - yikhono ukukhuluma ukuze wezwa kuyacaca ngesisekelo okuqukethwe lalo.

izingxenye yokukhuluma

It kungenziwa ihlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili: isimo kanye netinkhomba tesimongcondvo. Ukuzwakalisa imicabango yakho noma echaza isimo, omunye kumelwe ukwakha Monologue ukuze isilaleli Kwakusobala ukuthi kwakwenzekani enkundleni ukukhuluma. Abantwana benza ekuqaleni bakwazi ukuchaza isimo, ngaphandle ecacisa ezidzimeleleko. Adult, ukulalela indaba, kunzima ukuqonda ukuthi yini ingxoxo ngaphandle kokwazi isimo. Ngakho, owokuqala kwakhiwa nesimo exhunywe inkulumo esikoleni. Kulokhu, khipha ngokuphelele khona ingxenye zesimo akunakwenzeka, ngoba zikhathi inkulumo njalo oxhumene.

inkulumo omfushane

Njengoba kahle ingxenye nesimo, ingane iqala kahle okuqukethwe. Okokuqala ulimi olukhulunywa izingane ugcwele tabito "yena", "usho", "baba". Uma lokhu kwenzeka akucaci ukuthi ubani kahle bakuphi. Ukuze ube njani izifundo isicelo welithi "a" futhi ngenkuthalo eyayihambisana ukuthinta: izingalo libonisa lokho enjalo, isibonelo esikhulu, amancane. I engavamile walesi inkulumo wukuthi kuba express ezingaphezu kuka wazwakalisa.

Kancane kancane ingane iqala ukwakha umongo inkulumo. Lokhu kubonakala nge ukunyamalala inqwaba ucingo tabito futhi esikhundleni sawo amabizo. It is kunqunywa logicality exhunyiwe yokucabanga ndoda.

Awukwazi balukhulume kokuxhumana futhi ayinayo yini enengqondo. Phela, kuncike imicabango. inkulumo axhunyiwe - kuyinto imicabango okungaguquki okunengqondo uzwakalise ngokuzwakalayo futhi zenziwe imisho lwelulwimi lolufanele.

Ngu ingxoxo wengane ukuqonda ukuthi yaba logic futhi siyini silulumagama samanje. Nokushoda amazwi ngisho umcabango ngokunengqondo eyakheke kahle engakwenza nobunzima izitatimende ngokuzwakalayo. Ngakho-ke, kumelwe athuthukiswe eziyinkimbinkimbi: logic, inkumbulo, futhi silulumagama ocebile. Konke akwenzelwe obunobunye.

Izinhlobo ezinkulu kumiswa inkulumo anokuhambisana

Ukuthuthukiswa yokukhuluma yetheksthi izingane kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezihlukahlukene. Khona-ke abakhululiwe eziyinhloko:

• Ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhono inkhulumomphendvulwano.
• Phindza usho.
• Indaba ezithombeni.
• Ukuhlanganiswa izindaba achazayo.

Kokuqala ingxoxo, okuyinto ekuthuthukiseni ingane - ke yizingxoxo. Izingane zifundiswa:

• Lalela futhi baqonde inkulumo we omdala.
• Thintana nabanye abantwana.
• Ukwakha i-dialogue ngosizo izimpendulo zemibuzo.
• Phinda amazwi, nemishwana ukuze umnakekeli.

Izingane abaneminyaka engamashumi 4-7 bafundiswa amafomu alula wokwakha wedwa.

Phindza usho kudinga ukunakekelwa ingane nokubekezela. Okokuqala kukhona belungiselela ukuphinda ulande, bese Thishela ufundza umbhalo, bese izingane ukuphendula imibuzo ezihlobene perusal material. izibonelo ezisemqoka ukuze asekele uhlelo Elungisiwe ke uthisha ufunde indatjana bese iqala kuphindza acoce. Izingane aphansi abasesikoleni ukwenza cishe konke kanye komfundisi. Izingane ezindadlana bayatfutfuka ngokwabo uhlelo kuphindza acoce. Ngaleyo ndlela ukusekela ukuhlobana kwemikhosi logic kanye nenkulumo.

Isithombe - ithuluzi zokuxhuma

yokufunda inkulumo anokuhambisana senzeka ngosizo izithombe. Indaba ezithombeni kusiza njalo kuphindze alandzise ezimele. Ngenxa enkambweni indaba nokuboniswe izibalo akudingeki ukukhumbula konke. Ukuze esikoleni ubudala eyinhloko asetshenziswa ngamunye ifanekisela ngezihloko zabo. Izingane uphendula imibuzo uthisha ukuchaza isithombe.

Nge iminyaka 4 ofundisa ingane ukuba indaba isithombe. Lokhu kudinga ukulungiselela:

• Ukubheka izithombe.
• Izimpendulo zemibuzo uthisha.
• Indaba le uthisha.
• indaba Wezingane.

Ngokuhamba indaba uthisha ulanda amazwi asekelayo. It uqaphe indlela efanele yokukhuluma. Lapho ngineminyaka engu-5, izingane zifundiswa ukuba yenza iplani umtshele. Eminyakeni 6-7, ingane ikwazi ukugxila umfanekiso ongemuva, ukuchaza landscape, ezincane Uma unganakile, imininingwane. Ukukhuluma isithombe, umntwana, esekelwe isithombe aqambe kwenzekeni ngaphambi kwezenzakalo kuboniswa futhi zingaba khona ngemva kokuphela.

Mentor imibuzo yakho uchaza lwendaba kungaphezu imingcele yesithombe. Lapho indaba ingane kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa efanele yohlelo lokubhala bheka ukwakhiwa kwemisho, ngoba silulumagama okwanele.

Ngokukhethekile kufanele kukhokhelwe izindaba landscape izithombe. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi-ke kudinga ikhono lokusebenzisa amagama ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso, iziqhathanise, sebenzisa bomcondvofana kanye nabomcondvophika.

Indaba-incazelo

Lokubaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni yokukhuluma anokuhambisana lezingane zasenkulisa ukudlala ikghono lokuhlathulula into ethize, isimo, isikhathi sonyaka.

Ngo engu zasenkulisa, izingane zifundiswa ukuba benze indaba, incazelo ithoyizi. Tutor ubuza imibuzo futhi aholele umlandzi. Zikhuluma amagama ayisihluthulelo main, okuyinto eyenziwa incazelo: usayizi Toy, impahla, umbala. Omdala ingane bukhula, akancikile kwabanye ngezinye izinto uthi. Qala afeze incazelo ngokuqhathanisa izinto nezinto eziphilayo, izinto ezimbili ezahlukene. Fundisa izingane ukuthola izici ezivamile futhi bahlukene yabo. Ihlanganiswe lelandzisako izindaba ukufaka kuzo izinto ezichazwe.

Futhi, abantwana ngesikhathi zasenkulisa yobudala abaphezulu Baxoxa ngokuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe siqu, echaza isimo nabo, okuqukethwe Okubukwe opopayi.

Le nqubo yokukhuluma anokuhambisana - Ukubamba Ngekhanda

Le nqubo kusekelwe ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe. Zonke izindaba, izinkondlo okubhalwe izithombe, okuyinto ke anyathelisa indaba. Indlela kusekelwe yokuthi izingane eminyakeni zasenkulisa eside ancike inkumbulo ezibukwayo kuka sokuzwa. Uqeqesho lwenziwa mnemodorozhek, mnemotablits izikimu kanye tinkhulumo.

Izimpawu, okuyinto encode amazwi, eduze ngangokunokwenzeka nendaba inkulumo. Ngokwesibonelo, ukhuluma ngani ezifuywayo, eduze izithombe zezilwane ngesineke indlu, nezilwane - ihlathi.

Lolu cwaningo livela ezilula eyinkimbinkimbi. Izingane iphathwa mnemokvadraty kamuva - mnemodorozhki obonisa umlingisi, ukubaluleka lapho bazi. Umsebenzi senzeka ngezigaba:

• Ukutadisha etafuleni.
• esephepheni Imininingwane, ekuguquleni obekuxoxwa ku izithombe izinhlamvu.
• Phindza usho.

Ngokusebenzisa Ukubamba Ngekhanda nokwenziwa yokukhuluma ezinganeni enembile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo babe nesilulumagama ezinhle futhi ikhono ukuqhuba Monologue ngalokulingene.

amazinga ukuhambisana kwemicabango njengemisho

Ngemva ngokoqobo izindlela ezahlukene othisha umsebenzi wabo hlola izinga yokukhuluma yetheksthi izingane. Uma abanye ukuthuthukiswa salo sezingeni leliphasi, angaphansi nezinye izinqubo, lapho besebenzelana nezingane ezinjalo ngeke siphumelele ngokwengeziwe.

inkulumo ngalokubumbene zasenkulisa izingane ihlukaniswe yaba amazinga amathathu:

• Izinga High - ingane silulumagama enkulu, ngokohlelo lolimi futhi ngokunengqondo ukwakha imisho. Can uyixoxe indaba, ukuchaza, nokumadanisa izinto. Nokho, inkulumo yakhe okuhambisana, okuqukethwe ezithakazelisayo.
• Mid - ingane yakha izinhlinzeko okuthakazelisayo, it has a uthando lokufunda ukufunda nokubhala okusezingeni eliphezulu. kuvela izinkinga ukwakhiwa kwendaba kwi lwendaba enikeziwe, khona-ke ungakwazi zenza amaphutha, kodwa lapho abadala kokuma ukwazi walungise.
• Izinga eliphansi - ingane ube nobunzima ekwakheni indaba storylines. inkulumo yakhe kwaba incoherent futhi akunangqondo, bavunyelwe amaphutha semantic ngenxa nobunzima ubudlelwano wokwakha. Kukhona amaphutha nokusetshenziswa kolimi.

isiphetho

Ukwakhiwa yokukhuluma anokuhambisana kwezingane - okuqhubekayo inqubo ukuqeqeshwa uthisha ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezihlukahlukene kanye namafomu wemidlalo. Ngenxa yalokho, ingane iqala ehambisanayo lwelulwimi lolufanele ukuba baveze abakucabangayo, ukuqhuba Monologue, ukusetshenziswa nebugagu betemibhalo.