Imisindvo ongwaqa ezithambile izincwadi. Izincwadi ekhombisa ongwaqa ezithambile

Singabantu abantu, ikakhulukazi isikhulumi lwendabuko, akufanele kwenziwe nje efanele, kodwa futhi enhle, ngokomzwelo, ekhululekile. Kukhona ibalulekile futhi izwi, futhi silulumagama, futhi oneminyaka engu-ukuphimisela kuyinsakavukela.

Ikhono kahle ukuphimisa imisindo yakhiwa workshop (ukuqeqeshwa izwi: ivolumu, ithoni, ukushintsha-shintsha, silulumagama, njll ...), Futhi ulwazi, noma kunjalo kuyafaneleka noma ukuthi yokubiza alalelwayo (ukuphimisela kuyinsakavukela).

Ngaphambi sikhuluma nabonkhamisa phonemes ezithambile ungwaqa, thina kumelwe bakhumbule eziyisisekelo imiqondo ifonotiki kanye nemibandela.

Ifonetikisi: imisindvo kanye namagama

Ake uqale nge yokuthi ongwaqa ezithambile emazwini isiRashiya bengekho. Njengoba umsindo - yilokho sizwa futhi athi, kuba kuyivelakancane, siyingxenye indivisible kwenkulumo, okuyinto umphumela ukuhambisana womuntu. Incwadi - it is kuphela uphawu sokuqhafaza umsindo othize. Sibona kubo nokubhala.

ukuhambisana Okugcwele kukhona phakathi kwabo. Ngo izwi elilodwa akukwazi inani elifanayo izinhlamvu nemisindo. yokubhala isiRashiya siqukethe izinhlamvu ezingamashumi amathathu nantathu, futhi amane nesikhombisa inkulumo imisindo.

Esinembile okuqoshiwe imisindo egameni elithi ngetincwadzi - umbhalo. Izinhlamvu Kulokhu okulotshiwe kubakaki. Lapho ukuhlaziywa ifonotiki umsindo ngamunye ukuthi kurekhodwe ngohlamvu ingcindezi futhi selisho elithambile, uma kunesidingo [ '], isibonelo, ubisi - [malako] Mol - [imvukuzane'] - kulokhu L incwadi ngesimeliluhlamvu kubonisa elithambile umsindo [l '].

Ifonetikisi: onkamisa nongwaqa

Lapho ukugeleza komoya sasikhipha kusukela emphinjeni, ngaphandle kokuhlangana izithiyo endleleni yayo, kuvela lo unkamisa umsindo (ukucula). Ziyakwazi eziyisithupha ngesiRashiya. Basuke ecindezelekile futhi unstressed.

Lapho umoya, kusale emphinjeni sihamba akuyona free, kuvela nemisebenti yekwakha emagama. Basuke kwakhiwa kusukela umsindo noma umsindo namazwi. Ongwaqa ngolimi lwethu Russian amathathu nesikhombisa.

Sihileleke ngezinga elingakanani umsindo futhi umsindo vocals emfundweni yabo, ongwaqa zihlukaniswe zibe:

• sonorous (izwi umsindo Sinemandla);
• elikhulu - lizwakalise futhi unvoiced.

Futhi, ukuphimisa ongwaqa zithambile (izincwadi abakubonisayo, zilotshiwe ngesimeliluhlamvu), futhi umsindo okuqinile. Ahluke pronunciation - ukukhuluma ezithambile ungwaqa, umuntu uphakamisa ngemuva ulimi isilinganiso okusezingeni eliphezulu esibhakabhakeni.

Graphics: izincwadi

Ngakho, izinhlamvu - a notation phezu incwadi umsindo. Isayensi ukuthi study kubo, - schedule. Alfabhethi - ulimi ihluzo umsindo evunule ngendlela ethile. Eziyishumi izinhlamvu zamagama Russian - kuyinto onkamisa ukuthi bamele onkamisa. Nokho-ke kuhlanganisa izincwadi amabili nanye ungwaqa futhi ezimbili simelelani umsindo neze. Ngalinye incwadi zamagama wabelwe igama elehlukile. Izinhlamvu yesimanje yadalwa ngo-1918 futhi evunyiwe 1942. Manje lezi zibonakaliso ingcaca asetshenziswa ngezilimi ezingaphezu kuka amahlanu ahlukene.

Alphanumeric Ukwakheka umsindo

Esikhathini Russian ulimi tenkhulumo imisindo kanye namagama lihlukile ngokucacile izinhlamvu - izinhlamvu ongwaqa soft futhi kanzima ayafana - wadla [y'el] fir [y'el ']; futhi onkamisa eziyisithupha loniketwe emandla ngembhalo izinhlamvu eziyishumi. Ngakho-ke kuvela ukuthi imisindo inkulumo nane ezingaphezu kuka izinhlamvu zamagama.

ongwaqa kanzima

Ongwaqa ukwenza ngazimbili: sonorous - abayizithulu, soft - kanzima. Kodwa bakhona labo abayobe njalo uzwakale ngokuqinile - kukhona, m, n. Ngisho ngamazwi parachute, incwajana w cognate ahlale okuqinile. Kwezinye amazwi kwamanye amazwe, kuthiwa ehlukile.

ongwaqa ezithambile

Kukhona a trio imisindo zihlale ongwaqa elithambile, zimise kubo - h, w, h. Lezi mithetho akujiki ngolimi Russian.

ongwaqa abhanqiwe

Ongwaqa ikakhulu zibhangqwe, okungukuthi, umsindo ngamunye oluhambisana okuqinile yakhe kusho siqu ethambile. Izincwadi ekhombisa ezithambile ongwaqa ayafana yini. Esikhathini umbhalo ke ingezwe uphawu [ '].

Indlela ukucacisa lapho bayoba ongwaqa ezintofontofo? Izinhlamvu akhiwa hhayi nje ngamazwi, beqala ukwakha amaqoqo ezinhlamvu. I umsungulo noma nobulukhuni yokubiza ungwaqa kuxhomeke ekutheni umsindo owayeza emva kwakhe e isilebhuli.

amaqoqo

Uhlamvu - umsindo noma imisindo aphindaphindiwe lomfanekiso ku umoya ofanayo, omunye umoya wagxila.

Onkamisa - imisindo syllabic, ongwaqa kukhona eduze kubo - uthole isilebhuli: mo-Lo-ko, ba le-ta-yu-conductive-mina ry. Isibalo emalunga igama inombolo onkamisa kuwo.

Vula amaqoqo iphele onkamisa: isithombe - car- ti-ku, esisemthethweni - kwesokudla we-th -dimensional.

Uma ekupheleni isilebhuli kufanele uvume - kuba isilebhuli evaliwe: imoto-ni, esisemthethweni - izinyathelo ezinkulu-vo-ni.

Phakathi igama kaningi amaqoqo evulekile nongwaqa eduze kubo udluliselwa ilunga esilandelayo ddat, di Ktorov. I imisindo ukumboza phakathi amazwi nohlamvu - ikhala, ayibhangqiwe, kanzima futhi ezithambile ongwaqa. Izinhlamvu zokubhala amathekisthi abo - d, p, l, m, n. Ngokwesibonelo: kisonka - ki-ka dormice.

Hlukanisa division of amazwi ku amaqoqo ezinhlamvu izingxenye ukuthutha, kanye morphemes. Lokhu syllabic noma syllabic, umdvwebo isimiso. Kuyinto kusebenza ungwaqa.

ongwaqa onzima ezithambile: izincwadi (syllabic isimiso)

It kubonakala maqondana ongwaqa ukuthi ichaza iyunithi yokufunda nokubhala:

1. Njengoba inhlanganisela yezinhlamvu ungwaqa kanye unkamisa ukumlandela.
2. Ukuhlanganisa kanye ezithambile uphawu nemisebenti yekwakha emagama.
3. Ukubuthelela ongwaqa ababili noma isikhala ekupheleni izwi.

Ngakho, ukuqonda, ukuba esithambile noma esiqinile libhekisela umsindo igama kunqunywa, kubalulekile ukuba banake lokho okwenzeka ngemva kuyo ilunga.

Uma nganoma yisiphi isithakazelo kithi uzimisele, umsindo kuchazwe - kanzima. Ngokwesibonelo: zitshiyoze - zitshiyoze, ukuthi - okuqinile.

Uma elilandelayo - a unkamisa, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ngaphambi, o, y, e, s ongwaqa kanzima. Ngokwesibonelo: umama, amaketango, umvini.

Futhi, e, u, i, e - izincwadi ekhombisa ungwaqa esithambile. Ngokwesibonelo, ingoma - ingoma, n, n - soft, nge - okuqinile.

Ukuze ukhulume kahle futhi ngendlela efanele ukufunda ongwaqa ezithambile nemisindo, kubalulekile ukuba bathuthukise ukuzwa lwemisindvo - nokuqonda umahluko phakathi imisindo yenkulumo. Amandla evuthiwe ukucacisa ngokusobala okuyinto umsindo egameni elithi, ngisho noma uzwa ke okokuqala, kuzokuvumela ukukhumbula kangcono futhi baqonde inkulumo yabanye. Kodwa into - ukukhuluma kahle futhi ngendlela efanele.

Syllabic isimiso esivumelana ngoba ikuvumela ukunciphisa inani sezinhlamvu zama-alfabhethi. Phela, ukuze ukhombise phonemes onzima ezithambile ungwaqa, kuyoba kudingekile baziqambela, dala, futhi abasebenzisi ukufunda izakhi nanhlanu entsha ingcaca. Yilokho inombolo ka ongwaqa abhanqiwe eziqukethwe inkulumo yethu. Ngo umkhuba, sasiwumsebenzi ngempela ukubona onkamisa ukuze ukhombise ukuthi iyiphi izinhlamvu ongwaqa esithambile.

Izincwadi ekhombisa ungwaqa ezithambile

I umsungulo yomsindo luchazwa ngegama [ '] kuphela uma ubhala umbhalo - ukuhlaziywa umsindo wamazwi.

Kunezindlela ezimbili ukuqoka ongwaqa soft lapho ufunda noma ubhala.

1. Uma ungwaqa ezithambile iphela igama noma ame phambi kwenye ungwaqa, it is esikhethiweyo "b". Ngokwesibonelo: isiphepho esikhulu seqhwa, umphathi, njll Okubalulekile: uma ubhala ungwaqa ezithambile uzimisele 's "kuphela uma ethi umi phambi igama elilodwa-impande futhi ithambe futhi kanzima ungwaqa ngaphambi ezimweni ezahlukene (yefilakisi - yefilakisi) ... Ngokuvamile, lapho ongwaqa ababili ezintofontofo basezindlini olandelayo, ngemva "s" lokuqala alisetshenziswa lokubhala.
2. Uma ezithambile unkamisa emagama abe ngemalunga kuyinto, kunqunywa mina izincwadi, w, e, f. Ngokwesibonelo: I ibithwele, wahlala, tulle, njll

Ngisho ne syllabic izinkinga isimiso nge e phambi ungwaqa, bengene shí ukuze bangene Orthoepy. Abanye ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi imfuneko euphony kuyinto kuvinjelwe ngokubhala e ngemva ongwaqa kanzima, ngoba lokhu inquma ongwaqa ezithambile grapheme iphinde ivimbele indlela efanele yokubiza amagama okuqinile. Kukhona isiphakamiso esikhundleni th e oyedwa. Ngaphambi abaphathi, isipelingi esinobunye amaqoqo e - zu ngo-1956 kuya ngenkuthalo futhi ngokufanele okwakwenziwa ubhala pair of amazwi (eyanele - enele). Kodwa inkinga eyinhloko ubunye akuyona isinqumo. Njengoba ezothatha isikhundla e nge ngemva ongwaqa kanzima, kusobala, akuzona ikhambi ekahle, igama elisha ebhokisini isiRashiya avela kaningi, futhi noma kunjalo ukubhala incwadi oluthile debatable.

orthoepy

Ake ubuyele emuva lapho siqala - inkulumo yethu - lokhu kwadala Orthoepy. Ngakolunye uhlangothi - kusebenze imithetho yokubiza, futhi ngakolunye - it is a isayensi ukuthi izifundo, substantiates bese ubeka lezi zilinganiso.

Orthoepy ukhonza isiRashiya, kususa imingcele ephakathi sigodzi, abantu kwaba lula ukukuqonda nomunye. Ukuze ukuxhumana nomunye, abamele izifunda ezahlukene ukucabanga ngabakushoyo hhayi indlela ezwakala igama elithile e interlocutor.

Isisekelo isiRashiya, futhi ngenxa yalokho, pronunciation - lwesigodi eMoscow. Kuyinto e inhloko-dolobha yaseRussia basungula isayensi, kuhlanganise orthoepy, ngakho kwezinkambiso linqume usitshele - ukwenza imisindo njengoba Muscovites.

Orthoepy ophuzisa oyedwa ngendlela efanele yokubiza, silahle bonke abanye, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ngezinye izikhathi ivumela ongakhetha ezibhekwa ukuthi ingaba yiqiniso.

Naphezu imithetho omnandi, ecacile nelula, orthoepy amanothi eziningi izici, umehluko wemisindo nemiqondo yamagama kanye okuhlukile kanjani wakhipha izinhlamvu zimise ezithambile ungwaqa futhi okuqinile ...

Orthoepy: ongwaqa soft futhi kanzima

Yini izinhlamvu ongwaqa ezintofontofo? Q, w, d - ukusho esikhundleni ezithambile umsindo kanzima, noma kunjalo engenakwenzeka. Kodwa umthetho sinqamukile, ewela ngaphansi kwethonya ulimi Belarusian ngisho zezigodi isiRashiya, usola. Khumbula ukuthi lokhu band umsindo izwi Slavic okwengeziwe, isibonelo.

L - kuyinto pair ungwaqa, ngokulandelana, emi ngqo phambi ungwaqa noma ekupheleni igama zikhale ngokuqinile. Ngaphambi, a, y, e, s, futhi (etendeni, ekhoneni skier), kodwa amanye amagama ukuthi eze kithi ngokuvamile ezilimi zakwamanye amazwe kabani izikhulumi ukuphila ikakhulukazi e-Europe, futhi igama bebodwa, l uphinyiswa cishe ngobumnene (La Scala, La Roshel, La Fleur).

Ongwaqa, emi zokugcina ebhokisini set-top izwi lesibonakaliso kanzima, ngisho nangaleso sikhathi kukhona izinhlamvu elisho ethambile ungwaqa, liphinyiselwe ngokuqinile (kukhiyiwe, isikhangiso). Kodwa ukuze uvumelane nale umthetho bese s ayinayo amandla egcwele. Imisindo z kulesi simo kungenziwa liphinyiselwe ngezindlela ezimbili (ophumayo - [c] ugibele - [c] ugibele).

Imithetho orthoepy bababonisa ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukukwehlisela wongwaqa yokugcina izwi, ngisho noma okuhlanganisiwe ne igama elilandelayo oqala e (kuleli cala, nenkabazwe, nge emu). Uma inkulumo kwenzeka nokunciphisa enjalo ungwaqa, kuthiwa umuntu ixhumana ngohlelo isitayela lomdabu.

"L" futhi libhekisela uhlu "ongwaqa ezithambile" futhi umsindo ngaphambi kufanele liphinyiselwe kancane, ngisho nemisindo m, b, k, b, f ngamagama ezifana sesikhombisa, sesishiyagalombili imbobo, ngisemsebenzini nokunye. N. Khuluma ezithambile umsindo ngokuqinile phambi "s" ayivumelekile. Kuphela amazwi, eziyisishiyagalombili namakhulu ayisikhombisa amamitha akukwazi elithambile, futhi umsindo okuqinile.

Yini izinhlamvu selisho ongwaqa elithambile, kumelwe sikhumbule ngokucacile - zu, w, e, i, futhi.

Ngakho, ngamazwi amaningi angaphandle phambi ungwaqa is, angibuthambisanga. Kuvamile lokhu nge m labial, p, a, b, f n - Chopin gumbi .; b - Bernard Shou; e - Solveig; f - Izimoto; m - idumela, consomme.

Ngokuvamile lezi ongwaqa ngokuqinile ongwaqa zamazinyo umsindo e p, n, s, s, d, t P - Reichswehr Lev .; n - pince-uhambo; s - chimpanzee, Bizet; ne - onguthelawayeka, Musset; d - ulahla wobuciko; t - the kela sobuhle bayo.

Ngakho, izinhlamvu ezithambile ungwaqa babe Ukwakheka likubeka ngokucacile, kodwa angaphansi eziningi okuhlukile.