I-orbit of the Moon. Ithonya inyanga emhlabeni

Inyanga - satellite kuyiplanethi yethu kusukela kudala edonsa amehlo lososayensi abantu curious. Endulo, nababhula ngezinkanyezi futhi izazi zezinkanyezi enikelwe azibhala wakhe umxhwele. Abenzi lutho emuva futhi izimbongi. Namuhla, kulo mqondo, akukho okushintshile: Umzila wokuzungeza the Moon, ikakhulukazi umhlabathi futhi subsurface yayo izinsiza uzifunde ngokucophelela nge izazi zezinkanyezi. Compilers izinkanyezi bengekho wakhe. Ithonya ngesiphuphutheki ukuze Umhlaba futhi wafundelwa kokubili. Izazi zezinkanyezi zihlola ukuthi ukuxhumana kwemizimba emibili yasezulwini kubonakala phezu ezinyakazayo kanye nezinye izinqubo ngamunye. Phakathi nesifundo zenyanga yolwazi kule ndawo kakhulu anda.

umsuka

Ngokusho ososayensi ucwaningo, i-Earth futhi Moon kwakhiwa cishe ngesikhathi esifanayo. Age of the kwemizimba emibili iminyaka 4.5 bhiliyoni ubudala. Kunemibono eminingana azalelwa satellite. Ngamunye wabo uchaza ezinye izici enyangeni, kodwa ishiya izinkinga eziningana kungalungiswanga. I esiseduzane iqiniso namuhla kuwumbono ukungqubuzana giant.

Ngokusho umbono, iplanethi yobukhulu bayo efana Mars, ishayisane Umhlaba abasha. Igalelo yawela phezu tangent, futhi kwaba imbangela ejection emkhathini kakhulu efana nesimo umzimba cosmic, kanye ethile emhlabeni "impahla". Efana bese bakha into entsha. Irediyasi komzila wokuzungeza of the Moon wayedabuka eziyizinkulungwane ezingamashumi ayisithupha amakhilomitha.

Giant umthelela hypothesis uchaza kahle izici eziningi isakhiwo futhi amakhemikhali ukwakheka kwe-satellite, iningi izici uhlelo Earth-Moon. Nokho, uma sithatha umbono wakho ngokuqondene nesisekelo, kwakusahlala akukacaci amaqiniso athile. Ngokwesibonelo, yensimbi ukuntula in satellite kungaba kuphela zingachazwa ngezinqubo yokuthi kokubili imitimba wathatha kwamangqamuzana zezendlalelo kwangaphakathi isikhathi ukushayisana. Kuze kube manje akukho bufakazi bokuthi le livelile. Nokho, naphezu kwalezi okuphikisa, lowo mdondoshiya umthelela hypothesis kubhekwa main emhlabeni wonke.

amapharamitha

Inyanga, like iningi nezinye iziphuphutheki, ayinakho emkhathini. It sitholakala kuphela iminonjana oksijini,-helium, neon futhi argon. Amazinga kwamanzi ngesikhathi izingxenye esikhanyayo mnyama kakhulu ezahlukene. Ohlangothini libalele, kungaba bakhuphukele 120 ° C, futhi ebumnyameni ukwehlela -160 ° C.

Ibanga isilinganiso phakathi komhlaba inyanga 384 km. Ubujamo satellite - cishe indilinga ephelele. Umehluko phakathi engaba enkabazwe kanye polar incane. Bakha 1738,14 futhi 1735,97 km ngokulandelana.

A revolution ephelele yenyanga emhlabeni Umhlaba uthatha kancane kuka izinsuku 27. motion satellite esibhakabhakeni ukuze obuka libhekene ushintsho isigaba. Isikhathi Inyanga egcwele komunye nomunye ezingaphezu kuka esibekiwe futhi cishe izinsuku 29.5. kuphakama Umehluko ngoba Zomhlaba kanye satellite and move uzungeza ilanga. INyanga siyibonakalise kokuqala, kubalulekile ukuba unqobe kancane angaphezu kwelilodwa ethangeni.

"Umhlaba-Moon" uhlelo

Luna - satellite Kuthi ihluke kwezinye izinto ezifanayo. Sici Its main kule mqondo - mass. Kulinganiselwa ukuba 7,35 x 10 ²² kg, okuyinto mayelana 1/81 we ipharamitha efanayo ngaphezu komhlaba. Futhi uma mass ayikanye into ongavamile ku nobukhulu bomkhathi kwenza, ubuhlobo baso izici iplanethi akuyona ejwayelekile. Ngokuvamile, isilinganiso mass "iplanethi-satellite" izinhlelo kancane ezincane. Ngokufanayo isilinganiso ngiziqhayise kuphela Pluto futhi Charon. Lezi izindikimba ezimbili yasezulwini edlule isikhathi abanye beqala ukuba kwachazwa ngokuthi uhlelo amaplanethi ezimbili. Kubonakala sengathi uphawu enjalo isebenza esimweni Zomhlaba kanye Moon.

ezinyakazayo kaMoon esemkhathini

Isethelayithi uqeda eyodwa emzileni sizungeze iplanethi isihlobo ukuba izinkanyezi lwenyanga sidereal, ozobakhona izinsuku 27, amahora 7 namaminithi 42,2. Moon orbit ukuma kuyinto lesiyingi. Ezinkathini ezahlukene satellite itholakala eduze izinto zemvelo, kakhulu. ngaleyo ndlela ibanga phakathi umhlaba nenyanga kuhluka amakhilomitha 363.104 ukuze 405.696.

Nge indlela motion we satellite ixhunyiwe ubufakazi obengeziwe esivuna kucatshangwa ukuthi Earth satellite kumele lithathwe ngokuthi uhlelo ehlanganisa namaplanethi amabili. Umzila wokuzungeza kaMoon ingekho eduze indiza elisenkabazwe ye-Earth (njengoba ejwayelekile eziphuphuthekini kakhulu), futhi cishe endizeni ukujikeleza iplanethi ezungeza ilanga. I-engeli phakathi Ecliptic kanye trajectory motion we isiphuphutheki kancane kuka 5º.

I-orbit motion inyanga BakaJehova emhlabeni wonke bathonywe izinto eziningi. Ngakho-ke, ukuze anqume trajectory esiqondile satellite - akuwona neze umsebenzi olula.

Umlando omncane

Umbono wokuthi ichaza indlela inyanga ihamba, sabekwa 1747. Umbhali lamalokishi kuqala, ukuletha ososayensi ukuqonda izici umzila wokuzungeza satellite sika, waba French sezibalo Clairaut. Khona-ke, emuva lé ekhulwini weshumi nesishiyagalombili, ukwelapha Moon emhlabeni Umhlaba ngokuvamile ukubeka phambili njengoba lokuphikisa imfundiso yokuziphendukela Newton. Izibalo ezenziwe usebenzisa umthetho wamandla adonsela phansi, ngokuqinile ukuthi awavumelani nokubekelwa ukunyakaza okusobala satellite. Clairaut ixazululwe le nkinga.

Imibuto Yesihloko Lesifundvwako ehilelekile enjalo ososayensi abaziwayo njengoba D'Alembert futhi Laplace, Euler, Hill, Puiseux nabanye. Moon Modern kwegazi theory empeleni waqala ngemisebenzi Brown (1923). Izifundo sezibalo saseBrithani nesezinkanyezi ukuxazulula iphutha phakathi tilinganiso kokuqondisa.

umsebenzi olula

I ukuhamba kwenyanga ungaphakathi izinqubo ezimbili eziyinhloko: azungeza axis awo kanye emzileni sizungeze iplanethi yethu. Thola umbono ukuchaza ukuhamba satellite, kwakungeke kube nzima kangaka, uma orbit is bangaveziwe ezahlukahlukene. Le ukhangwa kwelanga, futhi ukuma ethile Zomhlaba futhi amasimu okudonsa ka kwamanye amaplanethi. imiphumela Okufanayo perturb emzileni futhi zibikezela isikhundla esiqondile inyanga esikhathini esinikeziwe kuba nzima. Ukuze uzwisise ukuthi kwakwenzekani enkundleni, sibheka ezinye nemingcele satellite orbit.

Tehla tenyuka node apses umugqa

Njengoba sekushiwo, umzila wokuzungeza kaMoon ithambekele kuya Ecliptic. I trajectories yemizimba ezimbili aphambana ngesikhathi amaphuzu ISIZINDA wathi enhla nasezansi. ukuthi akuphi ezinhlangothini ezihlukene komzila wokuzungeza mayelana osenkabeni yesimiso, ie-Earth. Kuvele umugqa ngengqondo ngqo exhumanisa amaphuzu amabili ukubizwa ngokuthi ISIZINDA umugqa.

Abaseduze unozungezilanga wethu inyanga perigee. Ibanga esiphezulu uhlukanisa izindikimba ezimbili isikhala, lapho inyanga apogee. I umugqa ohlanganisa la maphuzu amabili ibizwa ulayini apses.

perturbation orbit

Ngenxa yalokho, ithonya phezu ukunyakaza kumasathalayithi ngesikhathi esisodwa inqwaba yezinto eqinisweni limelela isamba ukunyakaza eziningana. Cabanga esiphawulekayo iningi okuholela perturbations.

Eyokuqala wabo - umugqa ekuhlehleni ka ISIZINDA. I umugqa ohlanganisa amaphuzu amabili ezimpambanweni zomgwaqo indiza ye-orbit kwenyanga kanye Ecliptic, azifani endaweni eyodwa. Uhamba kancane kakhulu kolunye uhlangothi (kangaka okuthiwa ekuhlehleni) satellite ezinyakazayo. Ngamanye amazwi, indiza ye-orbit inyanga uzungeza esikhaleni. Omunye revolution ephelele idinga iminyaka 18.6.

Ihamba futhi apses umugqa. Ukuhambisa umugqa ohlanganisa Apsis oluboniswa ukujikeleza indiza komzila wokuzungeza luhamba luye ohlangothini olulodwa njengoba uhamba inyanga. Lokhu kwenzeka kakhulu ngokushesha kuka esimweni ulayini ISIZINDA. A revolution umnyuziki kuthatha iminyaka 8.9.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, umzila wokuzungeza kwenyanga liyashintshashintsha amplitude ezithile. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lishintsha engela yayo phakathi indiza kanye Ecliptic. Ibanga - 4 ° 59 'futhi 5 ° 17'. Njengasekugumbuqelweni icala nge ISIZINDA umugqa, ezifana nenkathi oscillation kuyinto iminyaka 18.6.

Ekugcineni, umzila wokuzungeza kaMoon okushintsha ezakheke ngayo. Yena wadonsa kancane, bese ubuyela ukumisa yayo yasekuqaleni. Lokhu kushintsha eyinqaba orbit (degree of ukuphambuka ezakheke kusuka kumbuthano) ka 0.04 ukuze 0,07. Izinguquko futhi ukubuya isikhundla sokuqala ukuthatha iminyaka 8.9.

Akunjalo elula

Eqinisweni, izizathu ezine okumele zibhekwe ngesikhathi ukubala - akusiyo kangaka. Nokho, abazi ucede zonke izinhlekelele ezibangelwa komzila wokuzungeza satellite. Empeleni, zonke ipharamitha motion inyanga ngaphansi ukuchayeka njalo ezicini eziningana. Konke lokhu kwenza ukuthi kube nzima ukubikezela indawo eqondile satellite. A ithrekhi zonke lezi nemingcele ngokuvamile kuwumsebenzi ezibucayi. Ngokwesibonelo, ukubala trajectory zenyanga futhi ukunemba kwayo kuthinta impumelelo mission mkhathi, wathumela kuye.

Ithonya inyanga emhlabeni

I-satellite kuyiplanethi yethu sincane, kodwa umthelela waso lubonakala ngokucacile. Mhlawumbe sonke siyazi ukuthi inyanga kudala amagagasi Emhlabeni. Khona-ke nje kudingeka wenze ukubhuka: Ilanga abangela nomphumela ofanayo, kodwa ngenxa ibanga elikhulu kakhulu ithonya olwandle yokukhanya kancane obonakalayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ushintsho ezingeni amanzi enlwandle nasolwandle kanti ehlangene izici ukujikeleza Umhlaba ngokwawo.

Ithonya adonsela phansi Sun emhlabeni kuyinto kungathi izingalo ezingamakhulu amabili izikhathi ezingaphezu kuka ipharamitha ezifanayo of the Moon. Nokho, amandla olwandle luncike inhomogeneity yasendle ngokuyinhloko. Ibanga phakathi Zomhlaba kanye Sun, isicaba, ngakho umthelela useduze nathi inyanga namandla kakhulu (kabili kunangendlela esimweni ukukhanya).

Kumiswa wave olwandle is ngakolunye uhlangothi planethi, lapho okwamanje ubhekene inkanyiso ebusuku. Ngakolunye uhlangothi futhi kwenzeka isimo. Uma iphasi gade umile ke igagasi uzodlulela kusuka entshonalanga kuya empumalanga, elele ngaphansi nje Moon. sayo ngokugcwele ukuqedela zingakapheli izinsuku 27 ne kancane, okungukuthi, ngenyanga sidereal. Nokho, isikhathi we Ukujikeleza komhlaba emhlabeni eksisi kancane emahora langaphasi kulangu-24. Ngenxa yalokho, igagasi ehamba ebusweni iplanethi kusukela empumalanga kuya entshonalanga abuye acedzele eyodwa revolution amahora angu-24 nemizuzu engu-48. Njengoba igagasi njalo uhlangana ezwekazini, ihamba phambili endleleni motion Zomhlaba futhi phambili emjahweni iplanethi yakhe satellite.

Ukususwa umzila wokuzungeza kaMoon

Kwase kuzoqala igagasi olwandle kubangela abangelwa yisisindo esikhulu amanzi. Lokhu kuthinta ngqo ukunyakaza satellite. Umxhwele ingxenye mass kule planethi is abangenamakhaya kusukela umugqa ohlanganisa izikhungo mass we izindikimba ezimbili, futhi sidonsa inyanga uqobo. Ngenxa yalokho, i-satellite kuthintwa isikhathi ibutho ngesivinini ezinyakazayo yayo.

Ngesikhathi amazwekazi esifanayo, sabashaqisa igagasi olwandle (they qhubeka ngokushesha kunokuba igagasi, njengoba Umhlaba uzungeza ngejubane eliphezulu kunenyanga uphendulela), bavezwa amabutho, retarding kubo. Lokhu kuholela okwehlisa kancane kancane phansi ukujikeleza iplanethi yethu.

Ngenxa yalokho nokuxhumana olwandle kwemizimba emibili, kanye isinyathelo imithetho ukulondolozwa amandla kanye nomfutho, satellite lithuthela uzungeza emzileni ephakeme. Lokhu kunciphisa ijubane zenyanga. Ngo-orbit, yena uqala ukuhambisa kancane. Ukwenzeka okuthi akufane Earth. Yena behlisa ijubane, bakhathala okuholela ukwenyuka kancane ubude kosuku.

Inyanga ibizwa kususwe mayelana 38 mm ngonyaka ukusuka eMhlabeni. kwezazi Ucwaningo zokwakheka komhlaba, izazi zezinkanyezi ukuqinisekisa izibalo. Inqubo okwehlisa kancane kancane Earth Moon waqala ekususeni iminyaka engaba yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane 4.5 edlule, okungukuthi, kusukela ekusungulweni kwemizimba emibili. Laba bacwaningi umele ngoba kucatshangwa ukuthi lwenyanga enqunywa ngokuthwasa kwenyanga ngaphambili kwaba esifushane, futhi Umhlaba ligijima ngejubane.

Kwase kuzoqala igagasi olwandle ekhiqizwa hhayi kuphela emanzini zezwe ulwandle. izinqubo ezifanayo zenzeka kuye isiphuku sakhe sokuthunjwa futhi koqweqwe. Nokho, ziyisici obunganakekile ngoba lezi izingqimba akuzona ekuthonyweni ngakho.

Ukususwa of the Moon kanye ekunqandeni Zomhlaba ngeke kwenzeke nanini. Phela, isikhathi Ukujikeleza planethi esilingana nesikhathi obuthola ngaso esemkhathini we-satellite. Moon "silengela" phezu ingxenye eyodwa ngaphezulu. Umhlaba satellite iyohlale waphendukela ohlangothini olufanayo komunye nomunye. Kuyafaneleka ukuba akhumbule ukuthi yalolu hlelo seluphelile. Lokho nokuxhumana olwandle iye kwaholela yokuthi esibhakabhakeni kuhlale omunye ebonakalayo futhi ohlangothini olufanayo zenyanga. Emkhathini, kukhona isibonelo uhlelo okuhlala kuze kube le esele. Ibizwa ngokuthi i-Pluto futhi Charon.

Moon ne-Earth ku ukuxhumana njalo. Asinakusho okuyinto yemizimba kunomphumela omkhulu ngakolunye. Ngakho kokubili dalula nelanga. A indima ebalulekile eyadlalwa nezinye, ezikude, emizimbeni cosmic. Izimali zonke lezi zici kwenza kube kunalokho kunzima ukuchaza ngokunembile isakhiwo kanye model of the satellite orbit kuyo yonke iplanethi yethu. Nokho, omningi ulwazi zanqwabelana, futhi imishini njalo ngcono ukuvumela ucishe ngokunembile yokuma satellite nganoma isiphi isikhathi futhi ukubikezela ikusasa elikhazimulayo elilindelwe into ngayinye, futhi uhlelo Earth-Moon iyonke.