Isithombo sebhitrudi se-Sugar: izici zokulima kanye nobuchwepheshe bokulima

Isithombo sebhitrudi seshukela ingesinye sezitshalo eziyinhloko, enikeza izimpande izitshalo ezicebile ku-carbohydrate, okutholakala khona ushukela. Iqukethe amaphesenti angama-16 kuya kwangu-20 alandelayo. Ngomkhiqizo ophezulu wezimpande ze-beet (40t / ha nangaphezulu), ukukhiqizwa ushukela kubo kungalinganiselwa ku-8t / ha.

Isithombo sebhitrudi e-Sugar kwezolimo inendawo ephawulekayo eseRussia, e-Ukraine, e-China nasePoland. Ngokuvamile, amazwe aseYurophu akhiqiza amaphesenti angaba ngu-80 ushukela wesithombo sebhitrudi kusukela eqoqweni jikelele kuwo wonke umhlaba.

Ukukhula kwesithombo sebhitrudi isithombo sebhitrudi

Indlela yokuqala ye-agrotechnical ukufaka inhlabathi emhlabathini ngezingqimba ze-ring-toothed emva kokuhlwanyela imbewu yesiko esibhekene nayo. Le ndlela inomthelela ekufaneni kwabo, ihlupha ama-clumps amakhulu enhlabathi futhi ivimbele ukukhuphuka komswakama kuyo.

Ngosuku lwesihlanu emva kokuhlwanyela inhlabathi ukukhulula i-harrow ngokuphambene nendawo ekuqondiseni ukuhlwanyela. Ngalesi sikhathi imbewu ye-beet ayingakafiki ekukhuleni, futhi ukhula seluvele selungena esigabeni sesithombo. Ngenxa yokulimaza, amaphesenti angu-80 kokhula abhujiswa, futhi inhlabathi igcwele umoya-mpilo, ophuthuma inqubo yokuvela.

Ngemuva kokuba isithombo sebhitrudi sesitshalo sikhiphe amaqabunga amabili okuqala, ukukhiqiza ngokuphindaphindiwe kakade amahlumela. Esikhathini sokuqala sokuthuthukiswa kwemifino, le nqubo iphumelela kakhulu ekulwa nokhula.

Uma kunesisindo esinzima ebusweni bomhlabathi, kukhululiwe usebenzisa i-rotary hoe.

Ubuningi bemifula ye-beet luyakhiwa ngokusho kwezinhlelo ezihlukahlukene ze-thinning kuye ngokuthi izinga lokugubha emasimini, nokuthi yini nasezimpini. I-bouquet (thinning mechanical) yenziwa ngabalimi ngokuphambene nemigqa ngokusho kwesimiso, okumele kuqinisekiswe ukulondolozwa kwehlathi kusuka ezinhlotsheni eziningana emigqeni elikude. I-beetroot breakage iyenzeka ngemuva kwezinsuku ezintathu, ngenkathi ishiya izitshalo eziningi ezihlahleni.

Ukulima kwe-sugar beet ngesikhathi sokunisela

I-Agrotechnics kuleli cala inezinye izici. Ezimweni zokunisela, ukujikeleza kwezitshalo kulahlekelwa inani njengendlela yokulawula ibhalansi yamanzi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukubaluleka kwayo ekuvimbeleni ukwehla kokubunjwa kwe-agrophysical yenhlabathi, kanye nasekuvimbeleni ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo, izinambuzane kanye nokhula, kwanda izikhathi eziningana.

Isici esibalulekile ekutshaleni isithombo sebhitrudi ngesithombo sokunisela kukhona ukutholakala kwezitshalo nezimila ezimilayo ekujikelezeni kwezitshalo. I-predestessor engcono kakhulu ye-beet isithombo sebhitrudi ukolweni wasebusika kuhlanganiswe namakhambi. Inhlabathi ivame ukuphathwa ngezindlela ezithuthukisiwe noma ezinomsoco. Uma ukulima kunconywa ukuthi usebenzise umhlabathi endaweni engama-35 cm.

Ukulwa nokhula, kusetshenziselwa i-herbicide esebenzayo, njenge-betanal kanye ne-lontrelom. Ekubeni, ungaqhuba ukuchelela okwenyusa okunye okubangela ukubonakala kokhula. Kamuva zibhujiswa ngokukhululeka. Ukusebenzisa indlela yokunisela, kuyadingeka ukuhlinzeka ukondla okwandisiwe kwezitshalo ngokudla okunempilo. I-beet ekhiqizwa ushukela idinga ukunakekelwa ngokucophelela ngokucophelela.

Ukukhipha emgqeni (cishe ububanzi obuyi-10 cm) kufanele kube umyalo omkhulu kakhulu kunokulima okujwayelekile. Uma ukuphuza emabhokisini kudingekile ukwenza ukuhlukana. Isithombo sebhitrudi se-Sugar sizokhula ngamandla kakhulu lapho okuqukethwe komswakama wekhava elihle lomhlabathi kungekho kunomkhuhlane we-capillary rupture.

Ukuze uthole kangcono ushukela ku-beet, cishe izinsuku ezingu-14 ngaphambi kokuvuna, yeka ukuwaphuza.

Ubuchwepheshe obuningi bokutshala isithombo sebhitrudi

Isimo esiyinhloko sokuqinisa ekutshalweni kwalesi siko ukukhipha umsebenzi wezandla kuzo zonke izinqubo zokukhiqiza kanye nokufakwa esikhundleni semishini.