Isikhumba saseMexico, noma isitshalo se-ratibida

Esigodini semikhakha kanye nemibhede yemigwaqo yasemadolobheni kukhona izimbali eziqhakazile zefomu eliyingqayizivele. Zibukeka njengesikhwama eside saseMexico esinezinhlamvu ezinemibala. Zihlobo luni zezitshalo futhi zivelaphi ezibhekeni zethu zembali? Le ratibida iyi-ikholomu enomfanekiso, efike ezindaweni zethu ezivela eNyakatho Melika.

Okuncane mayelana nephayona

Incazelo yokuqala yembali yenziwa ngumuntu wemvelo waseMelika. Igama lomuntu akulula ukulikhumbula. Igama lakhe kwakunguConstantin uSamuel Rafinesk-Schmalz. Lo ososayensi wayengekho nje kuphela ezenzweni zezilwane kanye ne-botani, kodwa wayengumchwepheshe emkhakheni wezemvelo kanye ne-anthropology. Wayengumuntu we-geologist nomlimi. Isikhathi sokuphila sososayensi ngu-1783-1840.

U-Rafinez-Schmalz wayengumbono wenkathi yakhe, kodwa abaningi babembheka njengabahlukumezi. Ngenkathi efunda izimila zaseNyakatho Melika, wakwazi ukuchaza okungenani izinhlobo ezintsha ezingu-250, kodwa eziningi zazo usosayensi zafika ngamagama angavamile. Isibonelo salokhu okungaqondakali yisitshalo esine-ratibid, esinegama elilula - isicu saseMexico.

Ukukwazi nesitshalo

I-ratibida yezitshalo ingokomndeni wama-astroves. I-genus ye-rh ratids enhlanganisela yincane kakhulu. Kunezitshalo ezingu-7 kuphela ezikhula eNyakatho Melika. Umuntu waqala ukuhlakulela izinhlobo ezintathu kuphela:

• I-Ratibida colonial (isikebhe saseMexico);
• Ratibida pinnate;
• Ratibida mexican.

Igama elithi "ikholomu elenziwe" esihlokweni sokuqala akusilo ukuhunyushwa okulungile okuvela kulesiLatini. Kungaba ngcono kakhulu ukusebenzisa "ikholomu".

Kwezinye izigaba, igama le-genus Lepachys lisetshenziswa. Igama linezimpande ezimbili zesiGreki, okuhunyushwa ngokuthi "izilinganiso" futhi "obukhulu". Igama libonisa ezinye izici zesakhiwo sokugoqa imbali. Iqiniso liwukuthi amaqabunga ekugoqa ayingxenye ehlanganisiwe phezulu, ehlanganiswe nezinhlayiya ezinezinhlayiya.

I-Ratibida iyi-colonial, noma isikebhe saseMexico, i-branched endless. Ngenombolo enkulu yeziqu ezinamandla nezibanjelwe, ukuphakama kwawo kungaba ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-1, isihlahla esitshalayo sakhiwa. Ukuthinta isitshalo kunoma yikuphi ingxenye yayo enzima (inyembezi-inwele). Amaqabunga aphansi e-petiolate ehlathini anemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ubude bawo buyi-15-16 cm. Ububanzi bamaqabunga bungaba ngu-6 cm. Ukwakhiwa kwamagqabha kunama-pinnate noma kabili. Ishidi ngalinye lingaba nezinhlaka ezingama-14 ezincane.

Isakhiwo sembali

Imbali ye-ratibida iphakama ngaphezu kwamahlamvu. Leli bhasikidi elinesisindo esingama-6 cm. Ama-lilacs abesifazane besifazane abambelela engxenyeni engezansi ye-disc convex, isimo sabo si-obovate, ubude buyi-2.5-3 cm. Izimbali zolimi zihlelwe emgqeni owodwa. Zibophezele ekugcineni. Umbala ngezinhlobo ezahlukene uluphuzi, oluphuzi-olubomvu, i-maroon. I-Ratibida colonial ibonakala ngombala omnyama - i-maroon noma inombala ngokugqama okuphuzi okukhanyayo.

I-diski eseduze ne-flower ithuliswa, i-hemispherical. Ekuqaleni, liluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ubude bayo buba ngu-5 cm, nobubanzi - ngaphezu kuka-1 cm. Kunezimbali ezingaba ngu-400 ezincane zezicubu zobungqingili kwi-disk. Ngesikhathi sokucubungula, i-disc iba mude, ithola isimo se-cylindrical futhi ishintsha umbala kumbala ophuzi.

Izithelo ze-ratibida zi-achenes ezincane ezikhanyayo.

Ukufana nokuhlukana ngezihlobo eziseduze

Isikhumba saseMexico, esiyi-ratibida, esiseduzane nesigcawu esidumile - i-Echinacea noRudbeckia. I-Ratibida pinnatus ngokuvamile ivame ukudideka ne-rudbeckie (isithombe ngenhla), ngoba lezi zimbali zinezikhala ezinjengeziphuzi ezilimini ezibhekwe phansi eziqondiswe phansi. Amapetali akhula azungeze isikhungo esimnyama nesinundu esibonakalayo. Ukwahlukana okucacile phakathi kwezinhlobo ezakhiweni zamagundane we-wrapper, futhi nasesidiski esingaphakathi ngaphakathi. Eqinisweni, ukuhlanganiswa kwediski ehlanganisiwe kanye ne-inflorescence ekhuphukayo yenziwe i-ratibidus efana nekhanda leMexico. Futhi yiliphi igama lesikhwama saseMexico? Sombrero. Ngakho-ke ungamangali uma ubona imbewu ye-ratibida enegama elithi "Sombrero", akuyona iphutha, nje kuphela ukufundwa kwegama.

Ukusabalalisa kwe-ratibidae nge-columnar

Lolu hlobo lwezigqoko zaseMexico lukhula ezindaweni eziningi. Imbali ekhanyayo ingatholakala eCanada, futhi ikakhulukazi, esifundazweni sase-Ontario, eya emngceleni oseningizimu yeMexico. Izitshalo ezinkulu kakhulu ezindaweni eziLwandle Zase-Plains, njengoba i-ratibida ikhetha ama-prairie namadlelo. Kodwa-ke, lesi sitshalo singase sibe nomuhle ezintabeni zezintaba - imbali ekhanyayo ifika kuze kube semamitha angu-2000 m.

I-Ratibida (isikebhe saseMexico): ukulima

Amakhosikazi amaningi angathanda ukuhlobisa imibhede yabo yembali ngembali engavamile. Bakhetha kakhulu. I-Ratibida iye yatshala amakhulu eminyaka, kusukela ngo-1811. Kodwa kithi lesi sitshalo sisahle sikhathele. Isikhumba saseMexico - igama libalabala kakhulu, futhi abalimi bacabanga ukuthi lesi sitshalo sizobangela izinkinga eziningi. Kodwa akunjalo. I-Ratibida koloni ayinakuzithoba, kuphela ukuhlobisa nokukhazimula kwesihlahla kuzokuxhomeka emgangathweni wokunakekelwa, kepha isitshalo ngokwaso ngeke sishabalale.

Ukutshala i-ratibida kungcono kakhulu kuma-sunbeds. Indawo kufanele ifudumele kahle. Lesi sitshalo asithandi shading. Kunconywa ukutshala ubuhle beNorth America emhlabathini owomile nge-asidi engaba ngu-7.5.

Indawo ngaphansi kokutshala kwe-ratibida ilungiswa kusukela ekwindla. Emhlabathini, engeza ufulawa oludakayo we-dolomite nge-mix mix of the sand. Lesi sitshalo sifanele umhlabathi ompofu, okubaluleke kakhulu hhayi enhlabathini enhle. Noma kunjalo, inhlabathi ehlwanyelwe iqinisekisa ukuqhakaza okukhulu. Isikhumba saseMexico asidingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile. Ibekezelela ukushisa okuphansi nesomiso kahle. Ukunisela ama-ratibids ukuchitha ukutshala izimbali. Izidakamizwa zasegadini nezifo ezihlukahlukene ze-ratibida zizinzile.

Inkinga kuphela ukulwa nokuzihlwanyela. Isikhumba saseMexico sikhula kahle, futhi uma kunethuba lokuchoboza izitshalo ezizungezile, ama-samosev angadingekile asuswe.