Umgomo we operation ye inkinobho. Uphi inkinobho. Kuyini inkinobho in emotweni

Ishintsha - amadivayisi yezimboni kungenziwa akhiwe ngokwehlukile noma kube yingxenye yanoma yimuphi ngekhompuyutha.

Isimiso ezisebenza we inkinobho iwukuba khetha wesifunda kagesi kanye ixhume circuit input.

ukushintsha anamuhla esalisekela, nobujamo noma multi-umzila futhi sibe imodi eziphuthumayo. Imizila inikeza ukuthembeka enkulu nokuzinza kohlelo, lapho inkinobho ixhunyiwe. Photo of idivayisi eyodwa yalolu hlobo lapha ngenzansi.

Izimoto kanye motor inkinobho uhlobo microcomputer yakha futhi abahambisele ishayela zamanje lekhoyili ukuthungela (ikhandlela, okuyinto wokhela ukukhwezelwa injini).

Ngo-computer amanethiwekhi futhi khona ukushintsha amadivayisi, isb, Ethernet. Umgomo we operation Ethernet inkinobho ukuthi, uma iphakheji kuziwa ikheli ethile, ithola port yayo futhi athumele iphakethe ingenye kulo msebenzisi. Nakuba namanye amadivayisi adlulisele ulwazi zonke izimbobo.

Kuyini inkinobho

Lezi amadivayisi kabanzi zimboni, futhi efakwe izikebhe njengoba redistributors, wesifunda amadlambi noma ukushintshwa.

Isimiso ezisebenza we inkinobho kuyafana ukuthi we-electronic, electromechanical, futhi cathode ray tube.

Destination inkinobho kuyinto ukulawula imisinga we ohlobo, esekelwe amasignali ukuvumelanisa inzwa.

Esikhathini uchungechunge imoto lapho inkinobho engeyokuqala yenza umsebenzi umhloli ukuthungela izinhlelo, usuke okuzenzakalelayo ngokusebenzisa ngesikhathi uhlelo fuel ngophethiloli igesi ulawula isikhathi ukuthungela nokuningi.

Umlando omncane

Uhlelo ukuthungela izimoto zokuqala esetshenziswa ukuthungela ibhethri ozikhethela, okuyinto esebenza ku isimiso self-lokungeniswa. Leli cebo umsebenzi uye zimpande imoto isikhathi eside kakhulu kuze kube izakhi ezintsha zadalwa. Benza-ke kungenzeka ukuthuthukisa idivayisi futhi ngaleyo ndlela ukuzisindisa ukushintsha isimiso yokusebenza.

Isinyathelo esilandelayo kakhulu ekuthuthukeni kwale yensimbi ukudalwa Analogue zalo electronic usebenzisa okhiye esekelwe transistors ngoba avtoupravleniya zamanje eliya e ikhoyili ukuthungela. Isimiso ukusebenza uhlala EMR futhi nge izinkinobho kwehle umthwalo isetshenziswa maqembu interrupter futhi inyuka samanje, kugeleze ngokusebenzisa ikhoyili emazombezombe.

Ukwethulwa ezintsha ezifana zobuchwepheshe wanika imiphumela elandelayo:

• ukuthungela ukumelana isebenze phiko kakhulu sithuthukiswe;
• It ephethwe ukuqinisekisa enkingeni ukusebenza khulula ngaleso lenyuka ngesivinini injini ngesivinini ukunyakaza;
• It ikhuphukile zlib isilinganiso.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba ingxenye ukushintsha sebemukele:

• thyristor wesifunda;
• izakhi Transistor;
• Izinzwa ngaphandle contact;
• izifunda hybrid.

Isicelo ncenye ku inkinobho ISIZINDA khudlwana izinga imoto kwenza ukuba awusebenzisi ukuthungela ibhethri.

Iqiniso lokuthi uhlelo lokulawula imoto switch electronic iye kwetfulwa, ukuvumela ukuba esikhundleni full voltage lokuxhumana ku sensor ukusondela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Idivayisi okuqala kwaba inkinobho Vaz, le ukuthungela zazo kusekelwe ukusetshenziswa inzwa Hall.

Isinyathelo esilandelayo kwaba ukudalwa amadivayisi multi-channel, bese ufake uhlelo ehlukile ehlanganisa inkinobho futhi ikhoyili enikeziwe ku ikhandlela ngamunye. It akuniké zako:

• Ngaqala inhlansi namandla kakhulu;
• It wakwazi ukunciphisa bese ukuqeda ekulahlekelweni timer;
• Kwatholakala kuzuzwe ukugijima esitebeleni ngesivinini kokungenzi lutho;
• kakhulu ngiphuphe petrol;
• ngaphansi kwamazinga okushisa aphansi, ngcono injini uqalisa.

Ukusebenza zedivayisi

Isimiso ezisebenza we inkinobho kungenzeka ukuba ushintshele ngokushesha wesifunda Ukujikeleza izinzwa futhi ulawule Imisinga ikhoyili ukuthungela.

Iqiniso lokuthi zimpawu kusuka izinzwa Ukujikeleza ababuthakathaka noma analog esingesihle ukuyisebenzisa. Ngakho-ke, ukuze isetshenziswe uhlelo lokulawula, badinga hhayi kuphela dala, kodwa futhi ukuze uqinise, bese benika uthisha eyinhloko izinkampani kwekhoyili, okuvumela ngesivinini usuke.

Imizila idivayisi olukwazi ukukhipha ukulawula kanye kokushintsha ohlobo eziningana ukuthungela.

Indawo

Ikhipha inkinobho kungenziwa kuhlangene i-electronic control injini iyunithi, lapho amasignali control etholakele ngqo ikhoyili ukuthungela.

Uma umklamo kangangokuthi idivayisi ahlelwe eceleni, kungaba ukukhwezwa:

• ku distributor ukuthungela njengoba Vaz;
• eduze ikhoyili ukuthungela;
• eceleni phezu zensimbi echibini ukushisa, isibonelo wawuqhubeka ophikweni noma udonga ngaphansi bonnet, njengasezulwini "Ford";
• eduze electronic control unit nokuningi.

Ngokwesibonelo, ukushintshela "Audi" ngaphansi somoya ekwelinye gumbi injini endaweni bezinhlamvu elinama amanzi. Kukhona isixhumi amadivayisi zokuxilonga.

izinhlobo ukushintshwa

Kusukela ukuhlukahluka lolu hlobo amadivayisi izimoto izithuthuthu yilezi ezilandelayo:

• idivayisi esesikhundleni esakhelwe high voltage generator - DC CDI;
• inkinobho ukuthi usebenza kuphela khona umthombo obengeziwe voltage high - AC CDI;
• inkinobho ikhoyili.

DC-uhlobo ukushintsha kuthiwa esetshenziswa kakhulu ngenxa lwenethiwekhi lula, zingabantu emzimbeni oxhumana ezine kuphela: Hall inzwa, lokususa, plus, ikhoyili ukuthungela.

Lezi amadivayisi abe ezahlukene:

• ngaphandle okulinganisela ngesivinini esiphezulu noma naye;
• benethuba ukushintsha isikhathi isigaba ukuthungela;
• izidingo ezahlukene - ukutholakala amaqembu lokuxhumana.

AC-uhlobo ukushintsha zehluke kuqala ukuthi akudingeki khona njalo voltage, bese uxhuma nabo more xaka. Baphinde babe Ubukhulu ezincane kakhulu futhi ngenxa yalokho umklamo okulula. Ngenxa yalokhu, abanayo umkhawulo we ngesivinini esiphezulu, okuyinto kunciphisa ukuphepha ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe.

Ishintsha, ohlobo lwe ezingaba ezithakazelisayo kakhulu, kahle wafunda futhi ezingavamile kakhulu. Lapho zihlanganiswa ikhoyili ukuthungela kanye isici ukushintsha, futhi hhayi ifakwe inzwa Hall.

Umgomo we operation iwukuba uphazamisa a wamanje owawugobhoza high voltage transformer nge ikhoyili low-voltage-emazombezombe. Ngokusobala eyenziwa uphazamisa contact inkinobho ukuthi actuated ngu nakhu sekuvela umsebe wokukhanya distributor we ukuthungela.

Uhlelo nge chopper mechanical has bokwenza lokhu okulandelayo:

1. Ngenxa eliphezulu kakhulu wamanje ogeleza ikhoyili ngokuyinhloko full ngokuvamile elakhiwe inhlansi eholela umonakalo oxhumana nabo basuke elicibilikile ushise.
2. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi abandayo ezimanzi oxhumana nabo ngonyaka wadalula ukuguguleka electrochemical.
3. High contact samanje izimbangela full, ukuthi isikhathi le khulula ukuthungela inhlansi sifushane, kuholela abampofu fuel ukuthungela, kanye nokusebenza engazinzile yenjini at revs ongaphakeme. Ngenxa yalokho, izindleko edingekayo ingxube lufinyelele ezingeni eliphezulu.

Ukuqedwa lezi yokuntula okuye kwafezwa leholele ephezulu voltage transistors kwamandla aphezulu futhi umthamo yokuxhumana ukuthungela kagesi.

Abanye abashayeli zama ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza imoto ngokushintsha contact imininingwane yokuxhumana ukuthungela simiso imodeli entsha. Kuyinto ebizayo isikhathi, ngoba ufuna ukushintsha uhlelo ukuthungela ngokuphelele futhi uthenge ngesishintshi electronic. Futhi, awusebenzi ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuphatha ukuthola inguqulo entsha ezifanelekile ukuthungela inkinobho ubudala.

Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu, ngisho noma phakathi kwekhoyili ukuthungela kanye full contact ukuxhuma inkinobho elula kwi Transistor amandla, kungaba ngokuphawulekayo ngcono ikhwalithi loxhumana uhlelo ukuthungela semoto:

• ayeke encibilikisiwe contact full ngenxa ukwehla kwe-current;
• icala inhlansi isikhathi kuzokwanda Nenxenye kuzodala ukuthungela kangcono uphethiloli;
• uhlelo najlo inguqulo yasekuqaleni elula rewiring izintambo uma kwenzeka yokubhidlika inkinobho Transistor.

izinhlobo ukushintshwa

Kukhona lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo:

• standard (stock);
• ezemidlalo;
• benethuba ekushintsheni isikhathi isigaba ukuthungela.

Standard, obizwa nangokuthi abakhwabanisi, inkinobho igibele ngumkhiqizi, ngakho-ke ibalwa kwemigomo ukuhlonyiselwa ukufakwa. Lokhu, kusinikeza isiqiniseko sokuthi injini eziyosebenza thembeke nangokwezimali isikhathi eside. Ngokuvamile, lezi ukushintsha anemisila isivinini limiters, okuyinto hhayi kuphela ongasindisa impilo umshayeli, kodwa futhi balondoloze UKUQINA izingxenye neyesifunda imishini.

Ezemidlalo inkinobho yakhelwe ukwandisa mkhawulo we ijubane lenjini. It efakwe esikhundleni indinganiso ngesicelo somshayeli. Kodwa ukuze enze ushintsho olunjalo kufanele Ochwepheshe kuphela, njengoba nale iyunithi idinga ukushintshwa eminye iminingwane eminingi. Uma loku kungentiwa, noma kwenziwe ngobubhimbi, ubuchwepheshe ISIZINDA ngeke sisebenze kahle kuze kube ukuhluleka okuseduze motor.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngisho esikhundleni professional inkinobho ejwayelekile lezemidlalo unezela kunengozi enkulu ebangela ingozi uma imoto siphela umshayeli ongenalwazi. Ngakho-ke, ukwenza izenzo ezinjalo kudingeka uqaphe kakhulu, uyazi ingozi ezayo, ikakhulukazi ngokubeka switch ku isithuthuthu. Empeleni, kubalulekile ukuqapha njalo kudingeka.

Isimiso ezisebenza we inkinobho yesigaba ushintsho ukuthungela isikhathi ukuthi ihlawula amandla angekho ezindaweni ematfuba lapho uludinga, kanye siyamanisa igrafu ijika torque. Lokhu kuqinisekisa inzuzo e ukushesha uma kuqhathaniswa ne ukushintsha okujwayelekile futhi ashukumisayo injini operation iyunifomu ngesivinini ezehlukene.

Yiziphi izinhlobo iphutha

Izimpawu ukuthi ohlelweni ukuthungela ehluleka iphutha elikhona, uthi ezifana yilezi:

• akukho inhlansi at inhlansi, injini kungaqali;
• injini iqalisiwe, kodwa ngemva nesikhathi esifushane nezitebele zamahhashi;
• umsebenzi imoto injini eziqhutshwa ngokushelela, ngokulinganayo futhi kuziwa evamile lapho beshintsha ukuba enye inkinobho non-engaphelele.

Ngokuvamile, ukwehluleka kagesi nazo lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo:

• short circuit ngenxa sindisa elilodwa noma zombili Windings eyinhloko ikhoyili ukuthungela;
• ukuhluleka kokusebenza high voltage uhlelo.

Kanjani ukuhlola

Ukuze ukuhlola ukusebenza idivayisi, zikhona ezinye izindlela adumile. Ikakhulukazi, kubalulekile:

• indlela elula lapho besanda kuqala - ukubuyisela idivaysi nge zokusebenza eyaziwa bese uqhathanisa umphumela;
• hlola ukuthi voltage supply lisetshenziswa ezikhumulweni kudivayisi. Kumelwe kwenziwe ngezindlela ezimbili: a voltmeter nomthwalo;
• nge isheke isiginali kokufaka okulungile umumo gagasi ukuma ukuthi sidla kuya inkinobho;
• indlela efanayo ukuze uqinisekise umumo gagasi okukhipha;
• uma panel ithuluzi e imoto ifakwe voltmeter, isivivinyo kungaba kwenziwe zibukeke, ukubukela isikali sakhe. Ngenxa yale njongo ukuthungela esitshalweni, okuyilapho kwenani eliyimali esibukweni kufanele kube cishe 12V, kanye inkinobho isikhathi ukuze uthole voltage. Ngemva ukuthungela ivuliwe, umcibisholo okwesikhashana zamabhasi, bese kuqhutshekwa eminye ngakwesokudla mayelana milimitha futhi izitobhi. Ukwephula ukulandelana libonisa ukungasebenzi in the inkinobho;
• ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwe-ukuthungela ungasebenzisa isilawuli - imoto avamile - ingilazi yesibani. Omunye contact yayo exhunywe kwi umthwalo, kanti eyesibili - ku okukhiphayo ikhoyili, okuyinto ixhunywe ku-ukuphela commutator. Ngesikhathi inkinobho serviceable lapho isibani ukuthungela ngeke blink futhi ekugcineni zikhanyise akhanye kakhudlwana;
• futhi ukuqapha ukuthungela, uma ukwehluleka ayixhunyiwe inkinobho, udinga ukuhlola izintambo, oxhumana nabo kanye nezixhumi, kanye ukuhlola inzwa Hall.

Kubalulekile ukuba singakhohlwa ukuthi ukushintsha ukusetshenziswa ne izinzwa odala ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa kumasistimu eziqukethe inzwa Hall. Kunjalo okuphambene nalokho.

Indlela ukulungisa inkinobho

Le divayisi kubalulekile ohlelweni ukuthungela. Isimiso ezisebenza we inkinobho kangangokuthi uma ehluleka ukuqala injini imoto ngeke zisebenze.

Nokho ezimweni eziningi, ukulungisa akunakwenzeka, futhi iyunithi kumelwe ithathelwe, ngakho ungabi kahle ukuba spare umshayeli idivayisi serviceable.

Shintshela kwi isikuta

Ngokuvamile, ngesiShayina futhi Scooters iningi Japanese esetshenziswa ukuthungela uhlelo olusekelwe capacitors. capacitor umsebenzi wukuthi ngemuva kokuqala injini ke aqoqana amandla, futhi lapho voltage oyifunayo ihlinzekwa ngokusebenzisa zamanje thyristor lekhoyili, lapho ibe amandla e okokufaka prevyschayuschuyu izikhathi 60-200 elibangela injini isithuthuthu.

Ukudla okuvamile apharathasi omele isithuthuthu, ehlanganisa zinamandla ukuqongelela capacitor inkinobho kuyinto "Honda" Dio AF 34. Buhle mishini ukuthi inhlansi njalo ekhiqizwa amandla afanayo, okuholela ukuzinza inqubo injini isiqalo.

Kodwa ngenxa yokuthi Scooters eziningi ukuthungela uhlelo aqukethe ngokwakhayo kule scheme jikelele ugesi, uma-short circuit noma sindisa inkinobho ehluleka kuqala. Ngakho sinengqondo uma ukuthenga isikuta ukuba sinake labo onobuhle lapho inkinobho uxhumano kanye module ukuthungela waqala wesifunda ezimele kagesi. Ingozi ukwehluleka kuleli cala kakhulu ziyancipha.