Izimoto zokuqala emhlabeni

Manje-ke kwenzeka ukuthi emlandweni walo myalo yezinto ezinkulu ngokuvamile kuholele uchungechunge zenzakalo. Ngenxa ukuqondana banal kanye izimoto zokuqala.

Ukwakha "ukuthutha self ezinezinjini" iphupho imiqondo eminingi kakhulu. ULeonardo da Vinci wasebenza phezu imidwebo imoto yokuqala. inqola yakhe ne drive entwasahlobo in Renaissance iqhaza emibukisweni futhi abantu imikhosi. Ososayensi Florence 2004 ukusungulwa umklamo Da Vinci esibikezelwe ukuba sisinde imidwebo imidwebo. Lokhu kufakazela ngokucacile ukuthi izimoto zokuqala bangaba khona kahle ngenkathi umsunguli okukhulu.

Kodwa intwasahlobo drive amaNtaliyane akazange ezinokwethenjelwa ekwethembekeni mshini. Sebenzela ukuba onobuhle okuthuthukile baqhubeka. Futhi ukutholakala olandelayo kwaba kokusungulwa Russian Polzunova umakhenikha othomathikhi umusi umshini. Ngu uqobo, umshini asibahambeli, kodwa kwaba olukwazi ukushintsha uphethiloli amandla ku energy ezishisayo, nakho nomthelela inqubo vaporization e isibilisi. Ipheya ingasetshenziswa uma bebona kunesidingo. Ngesisekelo umusi injini Polzunova French umsunguli N. Cugnot wadala ukuthutha self ezinezinjini. It wasetshenziselwa njengoba imoto for the ezokuthutha kwezibhamu. Izinqola nge umusi ukubekela nobukhulu ongancintisana amaloli yesimanje. Yini abiza kuphela uphethiloli kanye isisindo yamanzi adingekayo ukuhamba kwayo. Nge isisindo ezinjalo ijubane imoto yokuqala cishe ifinyelela 4 km / h.

Intuthu injini haunted hhayi kuphela bangaphandle. Ivan Kulibin, umsunguli odumile we self-wafundisa, futhi wasebenza ukuthuthukisa imoto. Design Its kwakungekho kunzima ngaphezu engumFulentshi. Esikhathini enqoleni-kulibinskoy samokatke amabombo abangu kakhulu ukunciphisa Coefficient friction, le handwheel, okuvumela okhushuliwe inzuzo kushaft ukubopha ngisho usesimweni gearbox. Nokho, izimoto zokuqala Kulibina ayitholakalanga ngokoqobo.

Ngakho obungenza umlando imoto futhi kwakugxile injini umusi uma Gottlieb Daimler uKarl Benz akazange wakha injini uphethiloli. Yiqiniso, nginike ngokugcwele la madoda amabili amakhulu, inkazimulo yangaphakathi omlilo injini kokusunguliwe kungaba okungalungile. Akanabo Ubulungisa ukuba abanye abahlanganyeli 400, kuhlanganise unjiniyela Nicholas Otto, wathola igunya lokwenza i yangaphakathi omlilo engine.

ICE ukubukeka kwakushintsha emlandweni imishini self ezinezinjini. Manje Karl Benz , ucishe emelelwa ngokunembile lokho imoto yokuqala kungaba iqine ngokwabo izindaba. Ngo-1886, Benz zapatentovyvaet indalo yakhe entsha - inqola self ezinezinjini. Njengoba yisandla kusetshenziswa injini uphethiloli. Okuxakayo ukuthi enye umklami isiJalimane, Gottlieb Daimler, kudala crew efanayo. Kulokhu abaqambi amabili asebenza ngokuzimela. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi unyaka ngaphambi Daimler wadala carburetor kuqala futhi isithuthuthu, imoto umsunguli azithele ngabandayo ithole ncamashi Benz.

Izimoto okuqala ayengelona noKarla Bentsa emithathu Wheeler namakalishi double. Esikhundleni amahhashi, belethwa a uphethiloli injini traffic amanzi selehlile. Injini wafakwa evundlile ngaphezu oluvala amasondo labaqaphi elingemuva. Torque yadluliselwa oluvala amasondo esebenzisa ezimbili iketango ukudluliswa ibhande. Ukuze uqale injini umklami usethe ibhethri kukagesi. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi uzimele imoto yakhiwa metal amashubhu kanye ayebuthakathaka kakhulu, futhi ijubane esiphezulu lapho umshayeli ongabala ingeqi 16 km / h, kwaba intuthuko ingabonakali emlandweni zobunjiniyela. Kuyinto lezi nabasebenza kamuva amandla Abaklami ukudala ngesivinini izimoto zanamuhla.