Isihlahla Mammoth: incazelo, izithombe, amaqiniso athakazelisayo

Kulesi sihloko sifuna ukukhuluma ngalokho hlobo of mangaliso - kwesihlahla mammoth? Labo abakubonayo okokuqala, kubonakala sengathi kuba imilingo, njengokungathi kusuka inganekwane. Kodwa eqinisweni kuba isitshalo omkhulu lutho kodwa Sequoia giant.

Kusukela umlando ...

isihlahla Mammoth has usayizi omkhulu, ngokusobala amagatsha ayo zifane yangempela eyangaba mammoth. izitshalo ezincane zifinyelela ubude obungamamitha amamitha ayishumi, futhi kwezinye izimo luyakhula futhi kuze kufinyelele ngamamitha 110. Ngokusobala, Sequoia inomlando omude, kusukela emahlathini lezi zihlahla yayikhona ngesikhathi izibankwakazi. Ngalezo zinsuku babehlakazekile wonke iplanethi. Manje, endle zikhula kuphela enyakatho yeCalifornia kanye Sierra Nevada.

Kunzima kakhulu ukunquma Isilinganiso sobudala izitshalo giant basikisela ukuthi bengakwenzi iminyaka okungenani eziyinkulungwane 3-4, nakuba engu-ezinye zezinhlobo ukufinyelela ngisho iminyaka eyinkulungwane 13.

Ngemva kokutholakala mammoth isihlahla baseYurophu kwashintsha igama izikhathi eziningana. sezitshalo saseBrithani Lindley okuthiwa Wellington (yokudumisa UMbusi Wellington) plant, amaMelika, baye bahlongoza ukubiza Washington isitshalo (sokuhlonipha uMengameli Washington). Kodwa lezi hloko uke wabelwe ukuba nezinye izitshalo, ngakho ngo-1939, umuthi sabizwa ngokuthi Sequoia.

Sequoiadendron giganteum: incazelo

Sequoia kungokwalabo uhlobo lwe of siluhlaza izitshalo coniferous Cypress umndeni. Lapho kukhulunywa ngaye okokuqala zalesi sitshalo kusukela baseYurophu sihlehlela emuva ngonyaka 1833. Okwamanje, isihlahla mammoth likhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni. Ibizwa nangokuthi "mahogany". Lesi sitshalo has a izinaliti esiluhlaza nebhalsamu namagxolo abomvu ansundu lapho ukujiya - ngamasentimitha angu-60, okwenza lo muthi amelana frost. Sequoia ukuphakama abangaphezu kwamakhulu amamitha, futhi ububanzi emgqonyeni ngasesinqeni uyalingana 10 metres. isisindo lesilinganisiwe giant - hhayi amathani esingaphansi anamabini amawaka. Lesi simila siluhlaza ikhula ukuphakama 750 amamitha ngaphezu kolwandle. Kanye Pacific Ocean ogwini California.

Giant obujwayelekile Sequoia izihlahla ibhekwa njengempophoma enkulu kunazo zonke imvelo kanye ngobukhulu eziphilayo eziphilayo. Phakathi kwabo kukhona izihlahla mayelana 50 kunabo 105 amamitha. Umuthi endala namuhla ine engu-eminyakeni engaba ngu-3,500. Kuvele Eqinisweni ezithakazelisayo wukuthi phezu iziqu yalezi imidondoshiya babe ecosystem yabo. Liphile kahle ulele nezinye izitshalo ezincane, izilwane nezinto eziphilayo.

Lapho eneminyaka engu amancane ezihlahla mammoth zikhula ngokushesha kakhulu (10-20 cm ngonyaka). Banezinhliziyo oyindilinga, umqhele obukhulu, futhi kamuva kuba phansi kakhulu futhi waliphakamisa. Njengoba sikhula, amagatsha zitholakala kuphela phezulu emgqonyeni. amahlumela Young ogqamile ansundu.

Izitshalo omdala amagxolo abomvu ansundu aminyene kakhulu futhi ethambile, it is ahlukaniswe esiqwini fibre. I izinaliti agcinwayo ku amahlumela kuze kube iminyaka emine. Izimbali ngo-Ephreli-Meyi.

Izici isihlahla mammoth

isihlahla Mammoth has a zinokhuni oluyigugu kakhulu, okuyinto kakhulu yaziswa kakhulu yamadwala ngenhliziyo obomvu kanye ubisi esimhlophe (noma ugodo ephuzi). Sequoia amagxolo Liyindawo awugqinsi, ebomvu kanye imisele ezijulile phezu, ivikela lesi sihlahla iziphi izici zangaphandle.

Eziqinile izinkuni imidondoshiya akusho ukubola, yingakho ezweni yemithi kwaqala ukonakalisa kusukela abavukuzi igolide kanye nabahloli bamazwe kuqala. Wasinda nanamuhla kungekho amakhophi angaphezu kuka-500, okuyinto avikelekile futhi ezibhekwa alondoloza zemvelo.

Sequoia ingenye ende kunazo zonke emhlabeni. ikhule iminyaka engaphezu kuka-2000. isihlahla Mature ifinyelela eminyakeni 400-500.

Lapho ekhula Sequoia?

Uma sikhuluma lapho ekhula isihlahla omkhulukazi, kuyafaneleka ukuthi Cretaceous izitshalo siluhlaza ziye esakazwa kulo Nenkabazwe. Kodwa manje amahlathi kancane asalile kuyagcinwa kuphela endaweni elilinganiselwe eNyakatho neMelika. Izihlahla sikhule strip ewumngcingo ngasogwini Pacific. Ubude lokhu band - hhayi ngaphezulu kuka-720 amakhilomitha. Futhi itholakala endaweni engamamitha 600-900 amamitha ngaphezu kolwandle. Sequoia (zithombe kuboniswe esihlokweni) siyidinga endaweni kunomswakama, futhi ngenxa yalokho ibanga esiphezulu phezu ngalo Ungahambisa kude nasolwandle - kuyinto 48 amakhilomitha asele ezonini ithonya omanzi ulwandle emoyeni. Ngaphansi kwezinye izimo, kuvele ngeke kube khona.

isihlahla Mammoth: Managing

Phila bawa isihlahla Sequoia akafi, futhi liyaqhubeka likhula ngokusebenzisa amahlumela abo. Uma noyedwa noma lutho ukuvimbela, bese emva kwesikhashana ziba izihlahla ezimele. Iningi la maqembu izitshalo kwakheka nje indlela elula efana. kwakhiwa lozalo ngamunye kusukela izinsalela ukhokho nepogibshih. Njengomthetho, izitshalo ezincane zikhule emhlabeni isiqu ubudala, ukwakha mbuthano. Uma sihlaziya izinhlayiya eziyisisekelo zofuzo of mini-Grove, singakwazi ukuthola ukuthi kuyafana futhi isiqu, futhi zonke yene.

giant Mammoth has esinye isici - nezikhathi ecacile hot, hhayi AmaConifers kuphela, kodwa futhi amagatsha lonke. Ngakho indlela ezithakazelisayo ke usabela ukufudumeza.

Izihlahla ngobukhulu kweziningi ezisekhona kuze kube namuhla, amagama abo siqu. Ngakho, kukhona "Jikelele Sherman", "Baba kwamahlathi", "Jikelele Grant" nabanye. isihlahla Mammoth "Baba amahlathi" alikho nhlobo, kodwa qhubeka incazelo yalo, kusukela kulo ukuthi isitshalo safinyelela 135 metres ubude futhi ububanzi ngasesinqeni se isiqu uyalingana 12 amamitha ezaziwayo.

Kodwa Sequoia (isithombe enikezwa esihlokweni) "Jikelele Sherman" has a ukuphakama angaba ngu-83 metres. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi lesi sitshalo has 1,500 cubic metres ukhuni enhle, futhi selilonke emgqonyeni ngasesinqeni has a ububanzi amamitha 11. Ukuze afeze esihlahleni enjalo kungadinga ukubunjwa 25 ezinqoleni.

Ngingalutholaphi ukubona Sequoia?

Ukuze ubone ukuthi kubukeka kanjani isihlahla mammoth akudingeki undize uye kwelinye izwekazi, vele uvakashele Nikita Botanical Gardens eCrimea (ogwini oluseningizimu). Laba bobabili isihlahla enkulu ukhule ngamaphesenti 9 futhi 7 Curtin Upper Park Arboretum. Omunye ifinyelela 42,5 ubude nesiqu kuyinto 610 ngamasentimitha. Bobabili izitshalo yatshalwa ngo-1886, futhi ikusasa imbewu izithombo eyatholakala ngo 1881. Kunzima ukukucabanga, kodwa namuhla yobudala kwezihlahla iminyaka 136.

izinkuni

Njengoba sishilo, Sequoia kuyinto ugodo kakhulu futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ukhule ngokushesha impela. Ngakho-ke, manje-ke Simila ehlathini. ukhuni Khanyisa eqinile, engakutholanga kwamazinyo, sisetshenziswa kabanzi njengendlela yokwakha kanye joinery. Kulo zenziwa ifenisha, izigxobo zocingo, ujantshi belele, zama-tile, ephepheni. Ukungabikho ephelele nephunga kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba sisisebenzise ukudla nogwayi umkhakha. Kulo zenziwa amabhokisi amacala ugwayi kanye ugwayi imiphongolo ngoba uju.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, redwood nokusetshenziswa njengenhlangano nezitshalo Ornamental, ukutshala izingadi, amapaki kanye izinqolobane. It ubanjwe on emazweni amaningi, kuhlanganise eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeYurophu, lapho lesi sitshalo wakhululwa phakathi nekhulu le-19.

esikhundleni isiphetho sendaba

isihlahla Mammoth - isitshalo emangalisa futhi ngokubabazekayo, wehlele kithi kusukela kudala. Eceleni zinde ezifana umuntu kubonakala Amazing silwanyana, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuba nomthelela wezenzo zabantu kubangelwa nemiphumela emibi amandla ala izitshalo Amazing. Ngeshwa, manje akuyona amandla ukubuyisela isibalo yangaphambili mammoth isihlahla emasimini, umsebenzi isizukulwane samanje - ukuze alondoloze asele izitshalo zomlando ukuyinakekela yabo.