Inkundla yeBuichichskoe - isakhiwo esiyisikhumbuzo. Ukuvikela uMogilev

Kungashiwo ukuthi iSoviet Union yangena eMpini Yezwe II, ukuyibeka ngobumnene, ayiphumelelanga. Amabutho aseJalimane azayo ayesekela eceleni ukumelana okulimazayo, okungalungile endleleni yabo. Ukulimala okulimazayo kwehla kwi-BSSR: umlando waseBelarus waqala ukugcwaliswa ngamakhasi amahle kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala zempi.

I-Panic ehleliwe ehleliwe

Manje umqondo usakaze ukuthi i-USSR yayizilungiselela ukuhlasela i-fascist eJalimane. Kwezinye izingxenye kubangela ukungabaza okuthile: emva kokumemezela kwempi i-Red Army ibonise ukusebenza kahle kwezempi. Yini engingayisho, uma ngesonto ngemuva kwalokho izinhlupho zaqala, isitha sesithathe uMinsk kakade?

Izimo zokuqothulwa kwenhlokodolobha ye-republic azihloniphi abalandeli beSoviet: kungakapheli isikhathi esifushane bazungezwe kanti izingxenye ezingu-23 ze-Western Front zanqotshwa. Ekuthunjweni kwakungabantu abayizinkulungwane ezingu-324, futhi kwabulawa abantu abangaphezu kuka-300: umlando waseBelarus kuze kube manje awuwazi ukuhlukunyezwa okunjalo okukhulu.

Ukunciphisa ukukhulisa ukuziphatha

Uqabane uStalin wasabela kulokho okwakwenzekile ngendlela yakhe, esho emhlanganweni wePolberburo mayelana nokuchithwa (uma kuboniswa ukucacisa) iLeninist legacy. Futhi ngoJulayi 22, umphathi we-Western Front Pavlov nabanye abayisithupha ababandakanyekile ekuvikeleni inhloko-dolobha yaseBelarus baboshwe badutshulwa ngenxa yokuhlukunyezwa. I-General-General Kopets bakhetha ukungalindeli isiphetho esibi esingenakugwemeka futhi wadutshulwa yena, ngemuva kokufunda mayelana nokulahleka okubangelwa yizindiza ngosuku lokuqala lwempi.

Izindlela ezinjalo azizange zisize kakhulu. Ngemuva kokunqotshwa okubuhlungu kakhulu, i-Red Army yayidlamekile, ayikwazi ukunikeza ukumelana nokufaneleka. AmaFascist ayedlulela endaweni engenakunyaka, ukuzinikela kukaMogilev kwakubonakala kungenakugwema.

Ukulungele ukuvikela

Ukulungiselela ukuzivikela kwedolobha kwakungumkhuhlane. NgoJulayi 5, uGeneral Bakunin uthathe umyalo we-61 Corps, umsebenzi wakhe owawuhlanganisa nokuvikela uMogilev. Ngosuku olufanayo, izigaba ezizimele zahlanganyela empini.

Edolobheni ngokwawo kwakhiwa izikhali. Ngo-Julayi 10 sebevele babalwe ngabantu abayizinkulungwane ezingu-12. Phakathi nezinsuku ezithile, kwakunomsebenzi omkhulu okwenziwe: umgodla olwa namathangi wambiwa, ama-bunkers kanye nama-dugouts wakhiwa, futhi yonke isimiso sezinhlanzi sagcwala.

Izinto ezibuthakathaka ziboniswa yizinkumbulo zabahlanganyeli abaqondile ngqo kulezi zenzakalo. Ngakho-ke, uColonel Voevodin wakhumbula ukuthi kwakuyinto elula kakhulu ukuqinisa impi. Izitolo zempi, ngokusobala, zaziqhuma kakhulu kangangokuthi izisebenzi zokuvolontiya kwakudingeka zihambe empini futhi ziqoqe izikhali (ikakhulukazi zesiJalimane) ezithathwe.

Izigameko zamasosha zagcina izigameko zabo ngokusemandleni ngokuvikela izwe labo bomhlaba ngemizamo ye-titanic: ukuvikela uMogilev kwaphela izinsuku ezingama-23 futhi kwaphela ekunqothulweni, kodwa izimangaliso zobuqhawe eziboniswa abaphikisi belidolobha zazingekho ize. Njalo umzuzu wokuphikisa ngokumelene namaJalimane: izwe elikhulu lithola ukubambezeleka ukugqugquzela amabutho.

I-People's feat

AmaJalimane ahlasele uMogilev ngoJulayi 12, ekhetha indlela abayithandayo "yezibungu". Ukusuka enyakatho, idolobha lakwazi ukufika kalula: i-Infantry Division yesi-53, eyayiwela phansi, yachithwa, ukuxhuma kwayo nomyalo wayo kwaphazanyiswa. Kodwa ngakolunye uhlangothi lwama-fascists kwakukhona isimanga esingathandeki: lapha babanjwe yi-heroic 172nd Division ngaphansi komyalo kaMajer-General Romanov.

Emkhakheni weBuinichi (eduze kwaseBuinichi emzaneni) impi yathathwa yi-388th Infantry Regiment kaColonel Kutepov. Ubuntu balo mlawuli bube buyingqayizivele. Kwakuyinto yempi, njengoba bethi, evela kuNkulunkulu: umuntu onolwazi, onesibindi, onolwazi, engesabi ukuthatha umthwalo wemfanelo.

Impi enzima yaba namahora angu-14, ukulahlekelwa kwezinhlangothi zombili kwakukhulu. Ema-70 amathangi aseJalimane ashiye ukuphumelela, amasosha aseSoviet akwazi ukubhubhisa 39. Ababambiqhaza kamuva bakhumbula ukuthi ukusekelwa kwezikhali kwakunganele, ukunikezwa, ikakhulukazi mayelana nezinhlamvu, kwakungenelisekile (ngisho noma kusukela maphakathi noJulayi kwakwenziwa kuphela emoyeni, Futhi lapho ngo-1941 iLuftwaffe yaba yinhloko). Kodwa vumela amabhodlela ngenhlanganisela engcolile futhi akufanele ibe yisikhali sebutho elivamile, elihlomile, ama-fascist ahlomile kahle okwakufanele alishiye.

Ngosuku olulandelayo, ngoJulayi 13, i-3rd Panzer Division yesitha yenza enye umzamo wokudlulela edolobheni, kodwa futhi yahluleka. Ngalesi sikhathi le mpi yahlala amahora angu-10. Leli qembu lama-172 laliphethe insimu yaseBuichinkoye kuze kube nguJulayi 22 (ukulwa emgwaqeni sekuvele kuMogilev).

Imiklomelo yaseJalimane engaphumeleli

Ukumelana namabutho aseSoviet kwaba isimanga esingathandeki kumaJalimane, ayebheka kubalulekile ukufihla iqiniso elibabazayo kuFuehrer wabo othandekayo. Ukubheja kubike ngokuncintisana kwendawo okwakuthola ekuqaleni kwenyanga, futhi lokhu kwabangela izici eziningana. Lapho insimu yaseBuinichskoye ithukunyiswa ukuqhuma kwamagobolondo, kanti uMogilev wayelokhu elawula amasosha aseSoviet, isigaba esisodwa saseJalimane, ehlangene ukuba aphuze edolobheni, okuyinto ayekholelwa ukuthi iyathathwa esikhathini eside esidlule, wayeqondise endlunkulu yangasese ye-Red Army.

Ngendaba efanayo, kwafika ama-fascists, ayephethe imiklomelo emithathu ethi "Ukuthatha iMoscow" - UHitler, ngokungathí sina konke, wayekholelwa ukuthi lesi senzakalo esiyingqopha-mlando sasizungeze ekona (kungenzeka yini ukuthi asolwe icala lokuqwashisa okunjalo?). Izindondo ezingekho emthethweni zikhona, umnikazi wabo onenhlanhla yiMorgium Regional Museum.

Imemori Engunaphakade

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi insimu yaseBuinichskoe ibuye yabona ngokuphindaphindiwe ukuthi abantu bayabulala ngentshiseko kanjani. Ngasekuqaleni kuka-1595, kwakukhona impi enamandla phakathi kwamabutho abahlubuki abahlala ngaphansi kokuhola kukaSeverin Nalivaiko kanye namabutho aseLithuania. Ukuvukela izihlubuki kwakungenakwenzeka (amabutho ayengalingani kakhulu), kodwa kungenzeka ukuthi ayanyamalala. Ngo-1812 amaRussia alwa lapha nebutho laseNapoleonic. Ngesikhathi se-WWII, insimu yaseBuinichskoye iphinde igcwele igazi.

Ngo-Meyi 9, 1995, esiteshini lapho amasosha aseSoviet alwa khona, kwavulwa isakhiwo sokukhumbula, esakhiwe ngabadwebi uChalenko noBaranovsky.

Isakhiwo seSikhumbuzo

Iphethe amahektha angaphezu kuka-20 futhi iqala ngomnyango ohlotshiswe nge-arcade enhle. Kusukela kwenye yezinhlelo ezine ungakwazi ukuhamba ungene enxenyeni eyinhloko yokwakheka - isonto, lapho izinsalela zabavikeli abafikile bomuzi zingcwatshwa khona. Amagama abo (lawo awaziwayo) aqoshiwe emabhantshi e-marble afakwe ezindongeni zendlu.

Engxenyeni yenkimbinkimbi kukhona ichibi elincane lokufakelwa, elibizwa ngokuthi i -Tear Lake. Lokhu kuyisiko esingokomfanekiso ezinyembezini nasezintweni zomama, izingane zabo ezithathwe impi. Akukude ne-chapel futhi kuyimyuziyamu yemishini yempi, ezinye zazo eziyingqayizivele ezihlukile.

Isikhumbuzo kumbongi

Enye yezindlela ezihlukanisa phakathi kwendawo eyinkimbinkimbi zinikezwa uKonstantin Simonov, umbhali wemisebenzi eminingi edumile (ikakhulukazi, "Lindela mina"). Ilitshe elinombhalo ongalibaleki lakhiwe lapha, umlotha wembongi wasakazeka endaweni yaseBuichich emva kokufa kwakhe.

USimonov wabona ngempela ukulwa okuvuthayo: wayeseduzane noMogilev ngoJulayi 13-14 futhi yena ngokwakhe wazi uKolonel Kutepov, ogama lakhe elingokomoya nelomsebenzi eliyigugu kakhulu. Phakathi nempi uSimonov wakhonza njengomlobi wezempi ku-Izvestiya, futhi impi eyayibanjwe ensimini yaseBuichinkoye yayiyinto yokulwa yakhe yokuqala, ehlukumeza kakhulu enhliziyweni.

I-heroism abaphikisi belo dolobha eyenziwe uKonstantin Mikhailovich bahlaba umxhwele ngokujulile ukuthi wayesekhathazeka ngokunikeza uMolevlev isihloko se-hero-city, ngokuphindaphindiwe, wahlangana nabahlanganyeli ezenzakalweni.

"Yebo, siphila, singakhohlwa"

Inothi likaSimonov "Usuku Olushisayo" lanyatheliswa e-Izvestia ngoJulayi 20. Ngaphambi kokuwa kukaMogilev, efuna ukufihlelwa idolobha laseD, kwasala izinsuku eziyisishiyagalombili, kodwa isibindi lapho amabutho aseSoviet avikela khona imingcele ethintekile yaba isikhuthazo esihle sokuqinisa isimo se-Red Army. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, uMogilev wayebizwa nangokuthi unguyise waseStalingrad, futhi insimu yaseBuichichkoye kuze kube phakade yaba uphawu lwesibindi, intando engapheli, isifiso sokuvikela izwe lakubo esitha.

Ngezempi, ubuqhawe balabo abavimbela idolobha kwakungelona ize. Imizamo yabo yayivimbela abahlaseli, abalahlekelwa isikhathi esiyigugu lapha, okwakungadingeka isisindo segolide zombili zombili.

Indawo yokukhumbula isikhumbuzo saseBuichinkoye iyindawo evakashelwa kuyo. AmaBelarusiya, ngokuvamile, athatha umlando wabo ngokucophelela: azinakekele izikhumbuzo ngamasosha awile, ngisho nalawo asezindaweni ezikude, abonisa inhlonipho ngokuxhaphazwa kwalabo abazinikela ngenxa yokuphila kwezizukulwane ezizayo.