Izimbangela ZeMpi Yombango eRussia

Impi yombango eRussia, eyaqala ngo-1917 (ngokusho kweminye imithombo ngo-1918), futhi iphelile ngokunqoba kwe-Red Army ngo-1922, yayiwumphumela wokuphikisana kwezombusazwe, ezenhlalakahle kanye nezwe okwavela ezweni ngemuva kokuguqulwa kukaFebruary 1905.

Izimbangela zeMpi Yombango kuze kube yilolu suku yizingxoxo zokuxoxisana ngamabhishobhi. Naphezu kokuthi amaqembu amaningi ezombusazwe ahlanganyele empini, umzabalazo omkhulu wawuphakathi kweMhlophe Movement kanye nabasebenzi baseNingizimu Afrika nabaSebenzi. Zombili izinhlangothi, uma kunqoba kwabo, kulindeleke ukuthi zenze umbuso wobudlova ezweni. I-Bolsheviks yamemezela inhloso yokwakha eRussia naseYurophu umphakathi womakominisi osekelwe ekulinganisweni kwabo bonke abantu, futhi abasekeli beMhlophe Movement babike umgomo wabo wokuba uMhlangano oMkhandlu oMkhandlu owakwazi ukuxazulula umbuzo wezepolitiki.

AmaBolshevik ayengakulungele ukulwa kuphela, kodwa futhi afuna ukukusondeza, ecabangela isenzo sempi indlela kuphela yokuxazulula ukungqubuzana emphakathini.

Izimbangela ezilandelayo zeMpi Yombango zingabizwa ngokuthi:

• Ukuqothulwa kwamandla yiBolsheviks owachitha uHulumeni oPhezulu.
• Ukwenqaba amaBolsheviks ukuhambisana nemigomo yephalamende.

Lezi zinyathelo azizange zithukuthele izakhamuzi kuphela, kodwa futhi nezakhamuzi ezinomusa. Ukucindezelwa, ukucindezela nokuvela kwe- Red Terror kwakungabangela ukuthi i-intelligentsia, kanye nabasebenzi kanye nabalimi bezwe, baphikisane namaBolsheviks. Lezi zindlela zaholela ekuvuseleleni ukunyakaza kweMenshevik.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, abanye abacwaningi babiza izimbangela ezilandelayo zeMpi Yombango:

• Phuma iMpi Yezwe Yokuqala ngokuphothula iBrest Peace neJalimane ngezimo ezingathandeki kakhulu.
• AmaBolshevik emadolobhaneni, ayenziwa ngezenzo zokudla ngokumelene nalabo abalimi.
• Ukusetshenziswa kwezwe ngamabhange, izindawo zangempela kanye nezindlela zokukhiqiza.
• Isixazululo sombuzo we-agriculture ngokuphambene nezithakazelo zabanikazi bomhlaba.

Kungashiwo ukuthi izimbangela zeMpi Yombango zikhona ekuguqulweni kwamaprotheni, lapho kwakukhona ukuhlukana komphakathi, futhi kwavela ukuphikisana okwahluleka ukuxazululwa ngokuthula. Ukungabi khona kwegunya elichazwe ngokucacile, ukucindezela kwamaBolshevik kwaholela ekugqaseni kwempi.

Amazwe angaphandle (eNgilandi, eFrance nase-Italy) anquma ukuhlanganyela eMpini Yomphakathi eRussia ngenjongo yokusekela amabutho aphikisana neBolshevik. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bacabanga ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi basakaze ithonya labo eRussia, besebenzisa imiqondo evelayo yama-separatist.

Nokho, naphezu kwazo zonke izinyathelo, i-Red Army yanqoba impi. Izazi-mlando zinezingxabano eside mayelana nezimbangela zokunqotshwa kwe-White Movement.

Izizathu zokunqoba kweReds ku-Civil War azizange zilele ekuphakameni kwawo kwamanani. Phakathi nempi yonke, amasosha amaningi asuke e-Red Army kunokuba ayekhona ebuthweni elimhlophe. Futhi akunakwenzeka ukuthi abantu basekela amaBolsheviks. Ngokusho kwabacwaningi, ukunyakaza okumhlophe kuye kwabhubhisa ukungafani nokuhluleka kwabaholi ukuhlanganisa bonke abangenelisekile ngamandla amasha.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, abalimi babengafuni ukujoyina noma yikuphi amabutho noma bahlangane nezinye izitha, ngoba bebengathandi ukushiya amazwe abo. Ngenxa yalokho, abaseBolsheviks babe nethuba lokuvimbela ukuvusa kwabantu abangenayo ngaphandle kwezinkinga ezikhethekile.

Izizathu zokunqotshwa kwabakwa-Whites eMpini Yomphakathi nazo ukuthi amaReds alawula amaphuzu amaningi kakhulu. Ukuhluleka kwabaholi boMbutho oMhlophe ukuxoxisana kwakuyisizathu sokungeneli okwanele ku-Entente.

Ngakho-ke, izimbangela eziyinhloko zeMpi Yombango kwakuyisimo sezombusazwe ngaleso sikhathi, futhi ukunqotshwa kweMhlophe Movement kwaba ngenxa yenhlangano empofu yokusebenza kwezempi kanye nokungahlangani kwamandla omuntu ngamunye.