Imisebenzi Zhukovsky sika: uhlu

Vasiliy Andreevich Zhukovsky kubhekwa omunye wabasunguli Romanticism ngesiRashiya. Yingakho focus umsebenzi bakhe ubeke inkinga yezwe umuntu angikho ngaphakathi. Njengoba wakhuluma ngaye wathi sokunconywa Belinsky Zhukovsky eliyigugu - waze wanikela "ngenhliziyo nangomphefumulo 'izinkondlo Russian.

imisebenzi Zhukovsky sika gxila emizweni engaphakathi wayeyiqhawe, imizwa nemizwelo kumuntu ovamile, okwaholela yokuthi imbongi kwakudingeka unqobe isitayela okusezingeni eliphezulu ukuthi classicists wabhala ababengaphambi kwakhe. imisebenzi ulimi baba ngokomzwelo ngaphezulu, ethakazelisayo, okuxhunyanwa umehluko wemisindo nemiqondo yamagama ahlukene ngokwengqondo. Lihlanganisa phraseology nekukhuluma.

Umsuka wegama imbongi

wazalwa Imbongi Januwari 29, 1783 emngceleni Oryol, Kaluga futhi Tula izifundazwe, edolobhaneni Mishenskoe. Wayeyindodana engumlanjwana ka okhuluma ngomnikazi wezwe ocebile, Athanasius Ivanovich Bunin nabesifazane-Turkish, okuyinto 1770 Russian ashuthwa esikhathini Storming ka Bender.

Isibongo imbongi esizayo wathola evela kumzala wakhe, u-Andrei Ivanovich Zhukovsky, yesikhulu abampofu, owayehlala ubuphansi Bunin, abakhetha lo mfana. Ngakho wagwema isimo engumlanjwana.

imisebenzi Zhukovsky sika (uhlu)

Imbongi wabhala eziningi, ngakho bamukele umsebenzi yakhe esihlokweni esifanayo, kunzima kakhulu. Nokho, thina ukukunikeza imisebenzi ezinkulu Zhukovsky (uhlu ngokulandelana kwezenzakalo).

1. "Meyi Morning" (1797).
2. "Imicabango ethuneni" (1797).
3. "Amathuna yasemaphandleni" (1802).
4. "Kusihlwa" (1806).
5. "Ludmila" (1808).
6. "USvetlana" (1812).
7. "Umculi eminqubeni amasosha Russian" (1812).
8. "Aeolian Ihabhu" (1814).
9. "Ofuna ukuphumela obala" (1819).
10. "Tsarskoye Selo Swan" (1851).
11. "Wandering umJuda" (iminyaka 1851-1852).

Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe mayelana nomkhiqizo ngamunye, bheka ngezansi.

Intsha kanye umsebenzi ekuseni

Ngisho eminyakeni esanda kweva eminyakeni betadisha boarding school, etholakala e-University of eMoscow, Zhukovskiy Vasiliy Andreevich, omisebenzi yakhe thina sizohlaziya, wadala izinkondlo zakhe kuqala. Eliphawuleka kakhulu kuyo yonke imisebenzi yakhe ngesikhathi kubhekwe ukuba: le nkondlo "Meyi Morning" kanye umsebenzi temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba "Imicabango ethuneni," libhalwe 1797. Inkondlo "Meyi Morning" iqala umoya classicism: "Belorumyana kokusa liphuma ...". ubunjalo isithombe kuchazwa abstract, emibonweni yami. Ukusebenzisa ulwazimagama okusezingeni eliphezulu ( "Ubuso"), mifologizm ( "uFibhi ngokuthi"), kwakwakhe tiphawulo ( "belorumyana"). Nokho, ngo-migqa elandelayo kunomuzwa ebabayo ukulahlekelwa inhliziyo. Kuphela ukusebenza ngomoya sentimentalism: "Life, umngane wami, kwalasha lapho bengeke benze izinyembezi nokuhlupheka ...".

"Amathuna yasemaphandleni"

imisebenzi Early ngu Vasily Zhukovsky ngokuvamile kulotshiwe uhlobo Elegy. Karamzin, kuyilapho umlobi odumile waseRussia, wayengumngane imbongi kanye uthisha. Nguye ukuphathiswa Zhukovsky nokwazisa izici ngamunye imisebenzi yakhe emikhulu yokuqala - the Elegy "yasemaphandleni Amathuna", translation Elegy Thomas Gray, Imbongi eyiNgisi. Karamzin omamukele lo msebenzi futhi uphumelele ukuthi 1802 Ushintshe Elegy yanyatheliswa kuyi "Journal of Europe", okuyinto umshicileli ngesikhathi, ayengumkhwenyana wakhe. Isihloko imisebenzi - ngenjongo yokuphila, futhi ebuhlotsheni bomuntu nezwe elingaphandle. Elegy yakhiwa njengoba kukhombisa imbongi, kubangelwa nokucabanga emathuneni emzaneni. Engqondweni imbongi angesabi avele imibuzo ukuthi uzama ukuphendula. Ayavumelana ngumuntu umqondo ezivamile transience wokuphila kanye vicissitudes ukudalelwa. Imbongi ithanda hhayi "izimfihlo Fortune," futhi labo abasebenza kanzima ukuze azuzise bezwe.

"Kusihlwa"

Ngemva nje kancane kwalokho, njengoba sengike imisebenzi yakuqala yokuqala Zhukovsky, ezifana Elegy "Kusihlwa", abhalwe 1806. Nakuba wesandla imbongi sika siqu ayikahlanganiswa bakheké ngokuphelele, eshaya ukuvumelana zomculo Elegy ulimi. Isihloko "Kusihlwa" - injongo yokuphila, ezizokwehlela abantu. Yezinto ezinhle kakhulu ekuphileni, ngokuvumelana imbongi, uthando nobungane ubuhle bemvelo. Kulesi Elegy namanje ukubonakala isiko classic: esetshenziswa mifologizm ( "Bacchus", "Zephyr", "Alpine", "Minvana") futhi Slavonicisms ( "ngesikhathi Brega," "Zlata", "oratai" et al.).

"Don Quixote", izihloko ezibucayi

imisebenzi Zhukovsky izingane kuvula uvele 1804, olokuqala imiqulu eyisithupha ye-ukuhunyushwa Cervantes 'Don Quixote, "ephinde imakwe inkulumo namanothi ulimi bukhoma Russian.

Ngo 1808, Zhukovsky (abaneminyaka nje 25) waba umhleli induna "Bulletin Europe", owalandela ukuze Karamzin. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuthatha eningi, ubhala izindaba, ukubuyekezwa, izinkondlo, izindatshana ezibucayi. Esikhathini esidlule imbongi likhuluma romanticism njengoba ohlangothini olusha ezimele ezincwadini Russian. imithetho Classic ukuze Romanticism Akasekho kusebenza, kumele zihlolwe ngokuya "proportionality" futhi "congruity" ukunambitheka, ukuhambisana yesitayela.

"ULyudmila"

imisebenzi Izinhlobo Zhukovsky sika Akuzona elegies. Ngo 1808 wakhipha umqulu bezingoma lokuqala - "ULyudmila", okuyinto wamahhala lokudalwa G. Burger, imbongi German. Lo msebenzi uthatha umfundi endaweni ababengayazi emhlabeni nangale, elisabisayo yiziphazamiso ezihehayo ngesikhathi esifanayo. Uzungu uthatha umfundi Ephakathi, ngesikhathi Livonian War of 16-17 eminyaka. Umdlali oyinhloko, ULyudmila, elinde othandekayo wakhe emphini futhi, ngaphandle kokulinda ukuba, iqala ukububula ukudalelwa. Umama uzama ukumduduza, ethi "IPharadesi - othobekile recompense esihogweni - izinhliziyo edlubulundayo", futhi ubiza ukuba silalele emazulwini. Nokho, ULyudmila avuke engasenalo ukholo, futhi liba eziningi esihogweni esikhundleni imivuzo kulindeleke.

"USvetlana"

Umkhiqizo "USvetlana" (Zhukovsky) - lokhu bezingoma yasekuqaleni, okuyinto kwakuhlanganisa imikhosi Russian nezinkolelo.

Isimo sale ucezu, ukuphikisana "Ludmilla" bejabule, elikhanyayo. The ballad ifakwe tincenye temdzabu Russian - iculo podblyudnyh namazwi ( "smith Skuy kimi Zlat nomqhele entsha", "ubuhle bami", "podruzhenka," "injabulo, nokukhanya kwamehlo ami," "Crazy Khanyisa" nabanye.). Svetlana futhi ulindele umkhwenyana, kodwa ngokungafani Ludmila ekugcineni ehlangana laye.

"Aeolian Ihabhu"

imisebenzi zothando Zhukovsky baqhubeka indalo "aeolian Ihabhu" (1814). It organically ihlanganisa bezingoma kanye izinkondlo ezinesigqi. Ukuhlaziya umsebenzi ka Zhukovsky aphakanyisiwe Belinsky, ngokombono wakhe, in the ballad "igxile lonke iphuzu, wonke charm elimnandi Zhukovsky romance." Heroine awufi futhi uya ezinye emhlabeni, lapho ijoyina ekugcineni nge lover wakhe. Dvoemiriya motif ogcwele imisebenzi eminingi odumile Zhukovsky, edabula wonke umsebenzi wakhe.

"Umculi ekamu ..."

Impi Patriotic ka 1812 wayengeke abe ngonyaka abangele impendulo enhliziyweni imbongi, owayejwayelene ke mathupha - Zhukovsky wathatha ingxenye esebenzayo ku nempi elisezingeni uLieutenant, ulwela lokhokho. Izigameko zalolo isikhathi esisisebenzisela ukusebenza, "Umculi eminqubeni amasosha Russian", lapho yokushisekela izwe indaba ephathwayo uva buhlungu, ngoba konke ehlangene nakho siqu kombhali. Ingxenye eyinhloko yomsebenzi kwalotshwa on the front, ngaphambi nje kwempi ye Tarutino. Imbongi incoma isibindi obuqhawe abantu isiRashiya, ubuqhawe babo futhi isibindi lapho sibhekene nesitha. Libhekene lapha odic, ulimi onesizotha sublime, sebenzisa Slavonicisms, njengokuthi "aphethe", "umninikhaya", "CE", "ubona", "bebambe", nabanye. Umsebenzi okulotshwe inhlanganisela trehstopnogo futhi tetrameter iambic, okuyinto eyayingavamile ngaleso sikhathi, njengowesifazane owayethenjisiwe ODE kule ebhaliwe kuphela tetrameter iambic.

"Ofuna ukuphumela obala"

Ngemva kokufa Mashi Protasovoy, owayekuthanda futhi cabanga, ngawo imbongi akakayijoyini empilweni njengoba unina wentombazane wayephikisa umshado wabo, Zhukovsky iqala ngokuya ukucabanga mayelana umthunzi okuphakade, wasezulwini, futhi kukhona ezingaqondakali izisusa zenkolo izinkondlo. Imisebenzi kukhona okuncane eqinile, ngezinye izikhathi imbongi uyenqaba futhi kusukela ozithandayo ukweqisa yesitayela ngisho imvumelwano. Kuchichima "imizwa ofuna ukuphumela obala ngokweqile" nokuthi walinga adlulisele enkondlweni "ofuna ukuphumela obala" (1819):

"Zonke bendawo e umoya Ukugcwala olulodwa;
Futhi kuphela ukuthula likwenza kucace. "

Translations 20-30th.

Esikhathini-yalolucwaningo 20-30. imbongi kudala ballads ezintsha kanye izinguqulo. Izihloko lapho eboleka kusukela Goethe ( "Izinyoni"), Schiller ( "Knight Togenburg", "Cup"), Scott ( "Castle Smeagolm noma Ivanov Kusihlwa") kanye nezinye izimbongi. Zhukovsky uhumusha ukuba "I Lay ka Igor", "isiboshwa Shinonsky" Byron (1818-1822), "Maid of Orleans" Schiller futhi Goethe unesithakazelo, naye wakwazi nobuso 1821, lapho imbongi lokuqala kwelinye izwe.

imisebenzi Yamuva Zhukovsky

ballads kwakamuva Zhukovsky ahumusha izinkondlo "Rustam futhi Zohrab" futhi "Nal futhi Damayanti", lapho ecabanga ingunaphakade. Lezi ballads ayizwakali ihambisana nezikhathi zanamuhla kakhulu, kusukela ebhaliwe vesi mahhala futhi kuhilelani izindikimba okuphazamisayo. Zhukovskiy Vasiliy Andreevich, omisebenzi yakhe babengekho ngaphansi yokuqala, ngokuvamile iboleka Motifs netingcikitsi kusuka abalobi angaphandle.

Kuphela eneminyaka engu-58, ngo-1841, imbongi ekugcineni wathola umndeni ngokushada Elizabeth Reitern. Nokho, ngemva kwesikhathi esithile beshadile, Elizabeth wagula, futhi lo mkhaya ukudla ukulungiswa impilo yakhe waya eJalimane. Lapha Zhukovsky ukugula, kodwa waqhubeka esebenza.

Ngo 1851, Zhukovsky wabhala Elegy "Tsarskoye Selo Swan", okuyinto iphela kokufa dada, kanye wahlala Tsarskoye Selo. Lo msebenzi ngokusebenzisa kwakhe, kungukufanekisa, kodwa ikutshela ngobuqotho kakhulu indaba ukufa kabuhlungu imbongi, ngasinda isikhathi naye ngokwakhe.

Ngawo lowo nyaka waqala ukuba zilawule (njengoba ukubamba ipeni bahluleka) inkondlo yakhe yokugcina "I-Wandering umJuda", yi yavivshuyusya yokuqala lonke yomlobi. Ngeshwa, wahlala sidle.

April 12, 1852 Zhukovsky bafela edolobheni laseJalimane Baden-Baden.

kwavela imisebenzi Zhukovsky kusuka ngenkathi ukunyakaza zakudala kwezincwadi lwesithathu yokuqala yekhulu le-19, baye basabela eziningi nezindaba ngokucindezelwa isikhathi anikeza ugqozi elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni imibhalo entsha - ngendlela yothando.