Aleksandra Yakovlevna Brushteyn: Biography, empilweni kanye nezincwadi

temibhalo izingane Russian sika kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, indawo ebalulekile kuhlala omunye wabalobi abanamakhono kakhulu. Aleksandra Yakovlevna Brushteyn - wemidlalo nombhali wezincwadi eziningi nezindaba izingane.

biography

udokotela Young umndeni isibalo somphakathi uJakobe Iehilevicha Vygodsky namadodakazi udokotela waseshashalazini Elena Semenovna Vygotsky (nee Yadlovkina) wahlala Vilna Russian Empire. Kukhona Agasti 11, 1884 wayene indodakazi - Aleksandra Yakovlevna Brushteyn. Biography ntombazane kamuva uyogcwala ekuhluphekeni, ezifeni kanye nosizi. Kuyodingeka uyasinda ekufeni noyise, nendodana futhi umyeni.

Yena iziqu Bestuzhev Ephakeme Izifundo Kwabesifazane Petersburg.

Sasha wahosha umsebenzi wamavukelambuso. Kakade phakathi izifundo zakhe e-Institute, yena ujoyine le nhlangano esaba usizo ababedingisiwe neziboshwa. Futhi wafundisa abasebenzi elula ukufunda nokubhala.

Ngisuka eFrance Zurich, okuyinto edonsela zonke wabaholi. Ngemva inguquko ka 1917 Aleksandra Yakovlevna Brushteyn kanye nabanye Abavukeli waqala ukwakha umphakathi omusha. Wavula izikole ezingaphezu kwekhulu namaqembu ukuqeda nokungafundi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, yokulungiselela repertoire for yaseshashalazini zezingane.

Alexander Y. abaphethwe izifo apharathasi sokuzwa. Kuyo yonke le minyaka, izithulu wakhe anda. Mayelana ukuphila kwakhe umbhali kamuva wabhala incwadi ngokuphila kwakhe, "Umgwaqo ingena ibanga." Washona ngo eMoscow Septhemba 20, 1968.

umndeni

uyise ka-Alexander kwaba welungelo amaJuda, ezincisha injabulo-udokotela wazama ukusiza isiguli, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi abaluphi uhlanga noma isikhundla emphakathini. Yakov Yefimovich ngosuku wenza isicelo sakhe ngisebenza esibhedlela edolobheni, futhi kusihlwa asiza abampofu. Ukhathele kangangokuba izandla zakhe zaba shaking.

Alexandra wayenomfowabo abasebasha - Amalotha Yakovlevich Vygotsky, kamuva owaba unjiniyela-abakhi, nombhali zincwadi ziphakathi kokulandisa okuvelele ahlukahlukene.

Sasha futhi nomfowabo omncane Simon ephakanyiswe, ebuka uyise. Banjengemafu nje Yakov Yefimovich, ngokungenabugovu wazama ukusiza abantu.

Eminyakeni 17, umlobi esizayo Soviet washada udokotela-Udokotela owelapha ngaphandle kokuhlinza Sergeya Brushteyna, ngubani wayemdala kunezingane yena eneminyaka eyishumi ubudala.

Ngokushesha, ngo-1904, unyaka, babenesifiso indodakazi, Nadezhda Sergeevna Nadezhdina. Waba Umhleli womdanso futhi wadala Ensemble abantu umdanso "Birch". Ngemva kweminyaka emithathu, indodana wazalwa Mihail Sergeevich Brushteyn - unjiniyela wemishini nezindiza unjiniyela kamuva induna ifektri "Red Okthoba". Ungumnikazi eziningi ezafika nomuntu e Patisseries.

Umndeni ka-Aleksandru zonke izinto zahamba kahle. Imisebenzi yakhe ashicilelwe, umyeni wami ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho walibhekisa Institute of Physiotherapy.

Impi emphilweni Brushtein

Kodwa ngokushesha kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. AmaJalimane kakhulu kuphula amalungelo amaJuda aphoqeleka ukuba akhokhe lokumiswa. Ubaba Alexander Mandelstam wamelela, okusiza yokuphunyuka elingenacala ejele. Maduze kakhulu Yakov Vygotsky eboshwa amaJalimane. Wachitha iminyaka eminingi ekamu ekulambeni abandayo. Kodwa ngisho nalapho, wazama ukusiza abantu ngokunikeza usizo lwezokwelapha. Eminyakeni emibili kamuva, ubaba komlobi wadedelwa.

Futhi ngo-1941, lapho iMpi Yezwe II yaqala, udokotela oneminyaka engu-85 ubudala aphinde waboshwa khona. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, wayesefa.

indodana ka-Alexander, uMichael wasebenza langemuva. Kusukela umsebenzi onzima wabonisa ezinzima isifo senhliziyo. Ngesikhashana nje, wayesefa. Indodakazi Hope babuka ngezihluthu futhi kuphela esinda ngasinda. Ngemva kwempi Sergei Brushtein wafa yisifo senhliziyo. Ngenxa ngayo nasemizwelweni enamandla Aleksandra Yakovlevna Brushteyn ngokushesha yaqala ukuba alahlekelwe umbono wakhe. Kodwa ngiyazikhandla ekusebenziseni nzima nakakhulu.

amabhuku

Alexander Y. - nombhali ezingaphezu kuka ayisithupha izingcezu izingane. Phakathi kwazo kunabafundi kunazo owaziwa "blue and pink", "kwangathi", "Ngakho-ke kwaba." Wayengumngane nombhali kunabaculi ncwadi owaziwa "Don Quixote" (ngo-1928), "A Elinonya" by Dickens (1954th) kanye "Cabin uMalume kaTom" (ngonyaka 1948th). Eminye yemisebenzi yakhe yashicilelwa ngaphansi mbumbulu nombhali Alexandra Yakovlevna Nirge.

Ngo-1956 wanyathelisa incwadi kwakhe "The Road ...", olwasungulwa Aleksandra Yakovlevna Brushteyn. Umbhali wencwadi benamandla ezinhle, izenzo ezinhle nothando ngabantu. amacebiso awusizo ingatholakala kubo.

A kancane mayelana "Indlela ..."

Incwadi inezingxenye ezintathu. I wokuqala ubizwa ngokuthi "Umgwaqo ingena ibanga." Lisitshela Sasha, cishe eminyakeni eyisishiyagalolunye ubudala, sibonelo kuyinto zazo ngokwayo umlobi. Sasha Young uyalibona eziningi zokungabi nabulungisa empilweni - ubumpofu, zezingane ezibulawa yindlala.

Uma epaki Sasha wabona umculi armless nekudvweba sitfombe ezinyawo zazo. Sasha wayefuna ngempela kuye ukusiza nokusekela, ngakho wanquma ukuthenga omunye imidwebo yakhe. Wanikela wakhe landscape futhi wanikeza yokuvalelisa ukuphila, lapho intombazane zikhunjulwe phakade.

Incwadi laba yintandokazi ngokushesha kwabaningi eSoviet Union. Kwakungelona nje indaba, kwaba incwadi umzali. I "Road" kuyinto inhliziyo, nokufudumala ukuchaza Alexander Y. futhi edolobheni lakubo Vilnius.

phambili indaba

Ngemva kweminyaka emibili, ngo-1958, unyaka, kwafika ingxenye trilogy yesibili "Ngehora kokuntwela kokusa." Likhuluma ngamaphathi zeminyaka cwaningo e-Institute Sasha. Ngisho naphezu kobunzima ukuqeqeshwa wayewukuphela umfundi engcono. Ngokushesha wabuya futhi esephethe okuzelwe Simon umzalwane. I Sasha kakhulu efanayo siqede izifundo zakhe. Incwadi echaza futhi nezenzakalo ezingokomlando ezibalulekile - lokubulala u-Alexander III futhi ekuqaleni wokubusa uNicholas II.

Ngo-1961 kwafika incwadi yokugcina trilogy ngokuthi "Spring". Ngemva kokuthweswa iziqu, Sasha ethola umsebenzi - ofundisa isiZulu. Kufika, leminyaka lamashumi amabili. Lihlobene nokubhekana ubuso imiboniso kanye nendlala okwandile. Le ncwadi ibuye likuchaza ngokuningiliziwe Dreyfus nomakhwapheni.

Aleksandra Yakovlevna Brushteyn - umbhali, umuzwa esihle ingane Psychology, edabula abaningi icala ukuphila, kodwa akazange aphule kubo. Yakhe "Umgwaqo ..." Namanje kokushicilelwa ifundwa ngabantu hhayi kuphela izingane kodwa futhi abadala.