Imininingwane ethakazelisayo izilwane nezakudala. Dinosaurs nezinye izilwane nezakudala

Izigidi edlule, izwe wayehlukile. It kuhlale izilwane komlando, enhle nokwesabekayo ngesikhathi esifanayo. Dinosaurs, abahlukumezi zasolwandle ezinkulukazi, izinyoni giant, mammoth futhi amahlosi saber-toothed - baye eside kusukela wanyamalala, kodwa nesithakazelo kubo ungacimi.

Izakhamuzi lokuqala iplanethi

Lapho izinto zokuqala eziphilayo emhlabeni? Eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-emithathu nengxenye billion edlule kwakukhona eziphilayo owumphumela.

Kwathatha amaningi njengoba izigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezimbili eminyakeni ngaphambi kwakukhona eziphilayo ezinamangqamuzana amaningi. Balinganiselwa ezigidini ezingu-635 edlule Umhlaba lalihlala ezingenamgogodla, futhi ekuqaleni we iCambrian - ezilwaneni ezinomgogodla.

Izinsalela endala izinto eziphilayo eziye zatholakala kuze kube basonta Neoproterozoic Late.

I eCambria ukuphila yayikhona kuphela olwandle. abameleli emangalisayo yezilwane nezakudala ka bangaleso sikhathi babesebenza kuyo trilobite.

Ngenxa ngokuvamile ezenzeka kwenhlabathi ngaphansi kwamanzi ngobuningi eziphilayo bangcwatshwa udaka futhi wasinda kulesi sikhathi sethu kuphela. Ngenxa yalokhu, ososayensi babe isithombe sasivumela ephelele isakhiwo nendlela yokuphila trilobite nakwezinye izilwane zasolwandle lasendulo.

Esikhathini esiyiminyaka Devonian izilwane nezakudala ngenkuthalo ekuthuthukiseni kokubili ezweni nasolwandle. Abakhileyo kuqala yezindawo ezinemvula eningi kunazo zonke surface eMhlabeni - mesothelae kanye centipedes. Maphakathi nawo-Devonian wajoyina izilwane zasemhlabeni.

izinambuzane lasendulo

Ukuvela ngasekuqaleni isikhathi Devonian, lezi zinambuzane ziye zasungula ngempumelelo. Ezinye izinhlobo zayo eziningi ziye zanyamalala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Nye of them were enkulu omkhulu.

Meganeura - wayevela izinambuzane uhlobo lwe strekozopodobnyh. Ububanzi amaphiko ayo 75 amasentimitha. Wayengumngane umhlaseli.

izinambuzane sidilizwa ziqondwa kahle. Futhi lokhu kuye kwasiza ososayensi ukuba abavamile ukhuni yomsizi netiyela. Amakhulu ezigidi zeminyaka edlule, lagijima lashiya isithunzi phansi iziqu zezihlahla baba sibe ugibe olubulalayo lezi zinambuzane abangaqaphile.

Bona balondolozwe kahle e sarcophagi yayo yasekuqaleni esobala namuhla. Ngenxa Amber, egcwele resin omile, namuhla umuntu ungajabulela abakhileyo iplanethi yethu lasendulo.

Komlando zasolwandle izilwane - imidondoshiya esiyingozi

I Triassic babe ezihuquzelayo lokuqala zasolwandle. Abakwazanga, like inhlanzi, siphile ngokuphelele ngaphansi kwamanzi. Kwakudingeka kwaba umoya-mpilo, futhi ngezikhathi ezithile ifike kwamanzi. Ngaphandle, ziyafana ezweni Dinosaurs, kodwa ayehlukile ngesimo sawo nasemilenzeni - e Guinea Izakhamuzi ezinamaphiko nezingcwecwe; izinyawo ezinolwebu.

Okokuqala uvele nothosaurus, okuyinto bafinyelela izinga 3 kuya ku-6 metres, futhi plakodusy, kwadingeka ezintathu izinhlobo amazinyo. Plakodusy zisezincane (mayelana 2 amamitha) futhi wahlala eduze nogu. Ukudla kwabo main kwaba shellfish. Nothosaurus sidle inhlanzi.

isikhathi Jurassic - kwenkathi lwemidondoshiya. Ngalesi sikhathi, plesiosaurs wahlala. Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke yohlobo lwazo ukufinyelela ubude ngamamitha ayi-15. Lezi zihlanganisa elasmosaurine, has a intamo Akumangalisi eside (8 amamitha). Shona, kuqhathaniswa umzimba omkhulu, lalilincane. Ngo elasmosaurine kwaba umlomo, ayehlome amazinyo abukhali.

Ichthyosaurs - ezihuquzelayo enkulu, ukufinyelela i isilinganiso 2-4 amamitha ubude - zazifana amahlengethwa yesimanje. sici wabo - amehlo omkhulu ophakamisa ebusuku. Bona, ngokungafani izibankwakazi kwadingeka isikhumba ngaphandle esikalini. Kusolwa ukuthi ichthyosaurs abangu ezaqedwa ekujuleni kolwandle abatshuzi.

engaphezu kwamashumi amane izigidi ezingu edlule Ngahlala basilosaurus - whale lasendulo usayizi omkhulu. Ubude owesilisa ngamunye akwazi ukuxoxa 21 amamitha. Kwaba umhlaseli elikhulu ngesikhathi sako wakwazi ukuhlasela amanye imikhomo. Basilosaurus waba skeleton eside kakhulu futhi eshukunyiswa esebenzisa eguqa yomgogodla, kuhle kwenyoka. Wayefanele esingesihle indluzelekazi nemilenze kuya ku-60 amasentimitha ubude.

izilwane Marine nezakudala babe ezihlukahlukene kakhulu. Phakathi kwabo avele amadlozi oshaka yesimanje nezingwenya. I izilwane ezidla ezinye kunazo owaziwa zasolwandle zezwe lasendulo kuyinto giant shark Megalodon, okuyinto kwafinyelela 16-20 metres ubude. Lokhu giant esingamathani angaba ngu-50. Njengoba skeleton kashaka siqukethe uqwanga, hhayi ngasinda lutho kodwa amazinyo isilwane koqweqwe lwawo. Kusolwa ukuthi ibanga phakathi nemihlathi evulekile Megalodon safinyelela ngamamitha amabili. Kwakuyoba kalula ukulingana kwabantu ababili.

Ayikho izilwane ezidla ezinye kancane esiyingozi babe izingwenya nezakudala.

Purussaurus - isihlobo yokuqothulwa ka izingwenya yesimanje abahlala iminyaka eyizigidi ezingu eyisishiyagalombili eyedlule. Ubude - kufika ku-15 metres.

Deinosuchus - ingwenya uhlobo lwengwenya, babehlala ngasekupheleni kwenkathi Cretaceous. Ngaphandle ukungathandi abameleli yesimanje kwezinhlobo. Ubude umzimba 15 amamitha.

I esibi kunazo: the ezihuquzelayo lasendulo

Dinosaurs nezinye izilwane nezakudala enkulu omkhulu uqhubeke mangaza indoda yesimanje. Kunzima ukucabanga ukuthi zinde ezifana yake yabusa iplanethi.

Inkathi Mesozoic - nesikhathi izibankwakazi. Ukuvela ekupheleni le Triassic, ziye zaba ifomu eyinhloko ekuphileni esikhathini Jurassic, futhi yanyamalala ngasekupheleni Cretaceous.

Kuthinta zinhlobo ukwehluka lezi zilwane lasendulo. Phakathi kwabo kwakukhona bemhlaba nemanti ehola yokuphila abantu flying zilwane, ezidla uhlaza nasezilwaneni eziyingozi. Ziyahlukahluka kuye ngosayizi. izibankwakazi Iningi labo lalilisha omkhulu, kodwa kwakukhona izibankwa ezincane ngempela. Phakathi izilwane ezidla ezinye ngobukhulu babo uqokomisa Spinosaurus. yayo obuphelele umzimba 14 18 metres, ukuphakama - eziyishumi nesishiyagalombili. emihlathini side kwakunjani izingwenya yesimanje. Ngakho-ke, kucatshangwa ukuthi wayezimisele ukunikela yokuphila ukuphila kokubili emanzini nasezweni. Spinosaurus kwaba isici khona yomgogodla, kepha efaniswe useyili. Siyabonga kuye, wayebonakala zinde. Kwezazi bakholelwa ukuthi useyili zisebenzisa izilwane ngoba thermoregulation.

izinyoni lasendulo

Izilwane komlando (izithombe kungabonwa esihlokweni) sihanjisiwe flying ezihuquzelayo nezinyoni.

Esikhathini Mesozoic babe pterosaurs. Cishe ngobukhulu sazo sasingamashumi ornithocheirus, ngubani sasinamaphiko, okuyinto span kufika ku-15 metres. Waphila kwaze kwafika futhi esikhathini Cretaceous, kwaba nomzingeli futhi lukhetha ukuzingela inhlanzi enkulu. Pteranodon - esinye enkulu flying isibankwa okuzingela kwesikhathi Cretaceous.

Phakathi inyoni nezakudala lingakanani hit gastornis. Ngamunye ngamamitha amabili ubude ibe umlomo wenyoni, ohleshulelwe kalula amathambo. Akunqunywa ngokucacile ukuthi lokhu yokuqothulwa inyoni umhlaseli noma kudliwe ukudla isitshalo.

Phorusrhacos - inyoni edla inyama, owaphila Miocene. Ukuphakama safinyelela 2.5 m. Lwalugobile abukhali uqhwaku futhi enamandla izimpiko wamenza yingozi.

Izilwane ezingasekho we Cenozoic inkathi

Saqala eminyakeni million 66 edlule. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-Earth zazibonakalisa wanyamalala zezinhlobo eziphilayo. Ngutiphi tilwane yokuqothulwa nezakudala ka bangaleso sikhathi babesebenza kuyo ezithakazelisa kakhulu?

Megatherium - esincelisayo esikhulu kunazo kwenkathi, ibheja giant. Kusolwa ukuthi wayengumuntu uhlaza, kodwa kungenzeka ukuthi Megatherium ungase bulala udle nezinye izilwane noma ingcuba.

ubhejane Woolly - wambozwa obukhulu izinwele iba nsundu ngokubomvu.

Mammoth - uhlobo lwe edume kunazo yokuqothulwa yezindlovu. Izilwane wahlala iminyaka eyizigidi ezimbili edlule futhi were kabili njengoba esikhulu njengoba abameleli yesimanje bohlobo lwazo. Sithole eziningi izinsalela mammoth, sigcinwe kahle sibonga eyiqhwa. Ngokwezindinganiso zomlando, lezi zidlakela ngokubabazekayo safa ngempela muva - eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane 10 edlule.

Kusukela izilwane nezakudala ezithakazelisa kakhulu iyona Smilodon, noma saber-toothed ngwe yaseBengal. Kwakungemnandi singadluli usayizi ihlosi laseSiberia, kodwa kwadingeka i eyangaba emangalisayo eside, okuyinto kwafinyelela 28 amasentimitha. Esinye isici Smilodon waba umsila iDemo.

Titanoboa - yokuqothulwa giant inyoka. Isihlobo esisondelene boa yesimanje. Ubude isilwane ongafinyelela 13 amamitha.

Amadokhumentari ngezilwane nezakudala

Phakathi kwabo singakwazi ukusho ezifana "Sea Rex: Journey a komlando Umhlaba", "Izwe mammoth," "Izinsuku Zokugcina Dinosaurs", "IziKronike komlando," "Ukuhamba Dinosaurs". Okuhle documentary amafilimu wadala ngokuphila kwezilwane lasendulo, kakhulu.

"I Ballad we Ale Elikhulu" Liyini - indaba emangazayo we Allosaurus

Le filimu kuyingxenye uchungechunge edumile "Ekuhambeni Dinosaurs". Ukhuluma kanjani e-United States kwatholakala skeleton kahle walondoloza Allosaurus, elithole ososayensi igama Big Al. Amathambo kungabonwa njengoba waphuka futhi uye walimala dinosaur, futhi kungenzeka ukuba kabusha umlando wokuphila kwakhe.

isiphetho

izilwane komlando (Dinosaurs, mammoth, emhumeni amabhere, ulwandle imidondoshiya), owayehlala esikhathini eside esidlule, futhi namuhla kuthinte umcabango womuntu. Bona - ubufakazi obucacile Kuyamangalisa ukuthi kwaba esidlule Earth.