I umlando waleli sondo, indalo yayo nokuthuthukiswa

Kunengqondo ukuphetha ngokuthi impumelelo enjalo elula - kokusungulwa isondo, kodwa nokho okukhulu. Okokuqala isondo endala itholakala ezindaweni eziningi eMesophothamiya, Hungary,-Asia Ephakathi futhi emaqeleni Don futhi Dnieper.

Umlando waleli sondo: ekuqaleni

Kuyinto curious kakhulu ukuthi isondo akuzange kusungulwe lapho abantu namanje bazulazula. Lapho indlela ayimizulane wokuphila, lingabantu ababekade bephakathi kwayo yoke ipahlakhe ngokwakho. Leli sondo yasungulwa, lapho esezinzile endaweni ethile. abantu Ukungawuvivinyi umzimba waqala yokuzalanisa ipulazi: ukuhlwanyela Amasimu, ukuzalaniswa kwamahhashi imfuyo, ukwakha nemizana ezinkulu ezincane bese namadolobha.

It waqala ukuthuthukisa ukuhweba amabele, itshe, ukhuni nokunye. Futhi lokhu ibanga elikhulu ukuthi kumele sinqobe ukuze umthwalo omkhulu futhi ezisindayo. Lapha futhi kwakungekho lo mbono elula.

Kanjani endulo lo mbono wafika engqondweni? I umlando waleli sondo kuyinto ngempela ezithakazelisayo.

Abantu ababeka njalo sisebenzela ukuphuma bawisa izingodo futhi wathola ukuthi kungenziwa iphuma, a kokugqugquzelwa kancane.

Umqondo udala isigwedlo

Futhi ngenkathi Cro-Magnons yasungulwa kodwa futhi isigwedlo. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi umlando kokusungulwa isondo uqalile.

Kwenzeka kanjani lokhu? Ngenxa ngokucindezela induku padded ngaphansi lwamakholi, kwathiwa kweqa. Ngemva ngokucindezela ke iphuma nakakhulu. Khona-ke baqala ukusebenzisa ngaphezulu lolu hlobo asizakale, lapho kungenzeka ukuba ukuthutha izingodo eziningi.

Kwabe sekufika umqondo omkhulu - wagqoka kweqa izingodo ngokuphambeneyo omunye izingodo, futhi ikhishwa ndawonye nabo.

Ngakho, kwafika umcabango olandelayo ukuthi izingodo zithutha kukhona ngokwabo kungaba ngokuthi "ezokuthutha" uma omunye phezulu ukubeka izingodo. EGibhithe lasendulo ngaleyo ndlela wathutha ubukhulu engacabangeki itshe esifanekisweni. Umlando umsuka isondo uyaqhubeka ukuze ungeze amaqiniso athakazelisayo.

Ukuthuthukiswa obengeziwe ubuchwepheshe ukunyakaza izimpahla

Indlela ye iziyisikhombisa kwakungeyona elula kakhulu: omakhelwane kuya iziyisikhombisa izingodo ngezikhathi ukhululeka ngaphansi umthwalo, futhi babehlale benesikhathi ngezandla kwethu ukuqhubeka phambili wafaka eduze namanje ngaphansi izingodo engenhla. Kunesidingo ukuze uziqede.

Umphumela waba into efana ezinqoleni ukufana. Wayengumngane luhlaza lokho futhi ebukekayo. Kodwa wakubeka phezu wezimpahla wathutha. Yahlala kuphela ucindezela kanzima iziyisikhombisa. On ukuthutha ezinjalo ezithuthukisiwe eyenziwa nezinye imithwalo, izikhwama kanye okusanhlamvu, amatshe, njll

Lesi sakhiwo ubengase Roll phezu flat. Noma isiphi isithiyo ngesimo itshe endleleni lalingabulawa kalula abhubhise lesi sakhiwo. Futhi ke kwaba khona umbono ukuhlanganisa izingodo ndawonye (izingcezu 10), namathisela phansi has amabili namabhuzu izingodo bushelelezi-abaziweyo, futhi phakathi kwalezi yesithathu - esibushelelezi, ubukhulu esikhulu khulula.

Ngakho kwaba khona enqoleni kunalokho rink. Wathuthela kahle futhi akazange abe ukusunduza izingalo zakhe, kwanele nginikeze umzamo. Lokhu kwakuwumnikelo ka-prototype kwaleli sondo.

Umlando ukuthuthukiswa isondo lide kakhulu. Ngaphambi kokusungulwa samanje ukuzixazulula izinkinga eziningi isondo Lesisemkhatsini.

Ukuthuthukiswa ezokuthutha ukuthuthwa kwezimpahla

Okokuqala asuswe inqola ufake kokubili ngazimbili, kusale ezinamasondo ezimbili kuphela. Basuke-ke kuvikelwe ukuba inqola zethusi ukudla, kodwa ukuze uphendukisa. It kwakunenkinga ethile enkulu: ukujiya oluhlukile imiphetho ezahlukene izingodo kwaholela kokuphenduka zenqola ukuze ohlangothini.

Khona-ke Kwavezwa ukuthi zenqola, rink ice kwaba ngaphansi okuyinto ohlabayo esikhungweni kuka at emaphethelweni, ukuhambisa ngokulinganayo. Lokhu enqoleni odlulela ngase ezincane. Khona-ke, umsunguli we roller ushiye ezinamasondo ezimbili kuphela ezinhlangothini yonke log, futhi phakathi kwawo - isigxobo mncane. Khona-ke, ihlukanisa ezinamasondo kusukela pole, ngathola isondo.

Umlando okuvela isondo njengoba kakade kuqedile izakhiwo lobuchwepheshe kuhanjiswa kwemphahla kanye uhudula waqala cishe kusukela ngaleso sikhathi.

Leli sondo lokuqala sasinzima kakhulu. Sasikhona ngisho inqola nge amasondo okuqinile ezibaziweyo kusuka sesihlahla esikhulu (edolobheni lasendulo Indian of Mohenjo-Daro).

Ngokushesha, ngokuba izinqola baqala ukusebenzisa izilwane amahanisi. Lokhu okwamanje kwakushintsha futhi esibalulekile emlandweni we ukuthuthukiswa nokwenziwa ngcono ezokuthutha. Kuvuselela kugucuka ezihlukahlukene ezithakazelisayo kwesondo yomlando. I ezinqoleni futhi nezinguquko eziphawulekayo.

Ngcono inqola design

Endulo kwakukhona amabili izinhlobo zemikhiqizo: isondo umbumbi mbuthano futhi inqola. Umsuka - izipilingi amadlozi, amagiya indlela amahora, amanzi amasondo, njll ..
I ezinqoleni lokuqala kakhulu isihlibhi elula, ubeke enamasondo. Lesi sakamuva, esikhundleni salokho, babe izimbazo abethela. Wheel and oluvala amasondo ngokwayo uyayenza yomkhakha owodwa. Nokho, lapho inqola ayephenduka namasondo ezinjalo, yagibela ngaphandle isikhathi eside kakhulu kuneminyaka ngaphakathi. Kule ndaba, isondo njalo Ngafaka noma skidded.

Kamuva imiklamo letatinyakata ngokukhululekile, njengoba eksisi nasezinsikeni ukuthutha. Lokhu kwenza ukuba ukuya ngokushesha futhi ujike kulula.

Bokuqala yalezimuli ezinqoleni, hearses bobukhosi ezinqoleni engcwele nezinqola zempi onkulunkulu.

I ezinqoleni okuqala ayengelona ezimbili futhi edonsa ngawo wonke amasondo. Nokho, lona wamuva bebelokhu engeke asebenze. Kungani? I oluvala amasondo ezingemuva futhi front exhunywe izindlu. Lokhu amatilosi ayengeke angaqapheli ukuthi wenze ematfuba abukhali.

eminyakeni 2000 edlule mobile phambi oluvala amasondo yasungulwa ukuthi avunyelwe crew ukuze ujike ukuphendukela kunoma iluphi uhlangothi.

Kakade ngenkulungwane yesibili BC. e. e-Southwest Asia yasungulwa isondo spoked.

amasondo sidilizwa isithombe

Eyokuqala lasendulo idwala imidwebo (3000 BC. E.) isihlibhi nge amasondo ezitholakala Isifundo sifundazwe nesi.

Isithombe kwamasondo-East ihlanganiswe ne isithombe ilanga, namandla. Ezincwadini zezinganekwane ezihlukahlukene izizwe eziningi zaqala uyiswe izithombe isondo. Okuhambisana isondo ilanga kanje: Sun - sublime futhi round isondo - round efanayo, kodwa asikwenzi umuntu ukuhambisa ngokushesha. Konke lokhu - inzuzo futhi ukubusa.

Sekube amahemuhemu ukuthi isondo lokuqala ubudala Namanje hhayi uvele eMesopotamiya, Turkey empumalanga, futhi cishe enyakatho Iran. Khona-ke beza ezindaweni ezisenyakatho.

Izinhlobo amasondo lasendulo

Kakade 3rd yeminyaka BC Wheel ngalowo kotini isikhumba ku 2 yeminyaka abethelwe isondo nezinzipho ophumile onqenqemeni ngaphandle nibonakala kubantu nilungile. Lokhu kwakwenziwa ukuze andise adhesion zabo kuya ebusweni bomhlaba. Futhi kungaba okuqinile, kodwa hhayi kusuka ipotimende elilodwa, futhi yahlanganiswa futhi yakhiwa izingxenye ezintathu.

Ngesikhathi amahhashi ezifuywayo, futhi kwakukhona izinqola, okuyinto zahlukaniswa izinqola (okusheshayo) kanye nabasebenza ngenkosi. Kwakukhona ezinqoleni ngqo emnothweni (nge inkabi).

I umlando waleli sondo, Uma unganakile, isihloko lelula, ebonisa ukuthi isizwe ngasinye wenze ushintsho oluthile kuyasiza kuhleliswa, okwenza kube ngcono ngokushesha.

Futhi wahlasela enqoleni eMpumalanga, eChina (Yin umbuso inkathi). Kakade ngo-2000 BC. e. isondo kuyinto spoked kanye usebe.

Leli sondo eYurophu

Umlando okwalandela kwesondo kanye nentuthuko yayo lihlotshaniswa kuphela izizwe Celtic. Baqala "izicathulo" isondo metal usebe (1500 BC. E.), Kodwa kuphela ambalwa eminyaka (esikhathini yaseTroy neMpi) amasondo zicishe ngokuphelele ezenziwe metal.

On namaqhawe Homeric enjalo walwa. Mayelana izinqola enjalo admiringly wabhala umprofethi kweBhayibheli Nahume. Ziyakwazi indlela eziphukile kakhulu, ngakho ngonyaka 50 BC. e. It yadalwa futhi bamukela umthetho wokuqala kakhulu enciphisa umthwalo ngamunye Wheel kuze 250 kg.

Iminyaka 3000 isondo lasendulo sashintsha ukuphila cishe wonke kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Kodwa ukuze Afrika (indawo eningizimu yeSahara), I-Asia (mpumalanga) nase-Australia azifinyelelanga.

Indaba le wheel kweqiniso engakaze wafunda kuze kube sekupheleni. Kukhona umbono onjalo ukudala isondo. Izimbiza abantu ukulolongwa (Nokho esigwegwile) ngisho ngaphambili - 6000 iminyaka BC. e. Kodwa nge obhekwe isondo sombumbi futhi uhlobo izitsha kakhulu ngcono. A ububanzi zobumba - futhi kukhona isondo, nje ukubeka eceleni elilodwa. Ngakho, owathekela umqondo? Mhlawumbe ngemva wonke umshayeli e lombumbi?