UHarriet Tubman - abolitionist oNsundu waseMelika. Biography of uHarriet Tubman

UHarriet Tubman Afrika American kuqhathaniswa uhlelo nceku e-United States futhi kwaba priverzhenka kwekuhlela kabusha komphakathi phakathi nesishiyagalolunye - ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili. ukuphila kwayo konke yayihloselwe legitimizing ukulingana kubantu abamnyama nabesifazane.

Isibonelo sakhe siqu yena bakhangwa emzabalazweni amalungelo izigqila eziningi. Ngenxa inkulumo mayelana lokuthi ubuso bakhe maduze ivele ku imali yamaphepha American e amahlelo zamadola amabili, sikhulume ngakho emhlabeni. Ngakho owayeneminyaka uHarriet?

eminyakeni yokuqala

Born Araminta Ross, yibo bonke njengoba uHarriet Tubman, mhlawumbe ngo-1820 emkhayeni yisigqila Dorchester County (USA). Lapho ngineminyaka engu-nantathu, yena wangena isimo, ngenxa okuyinto ayengayenza ngendlela engeke afe. Wayengumngane esitolo uma kudingeka usizo umbonisi izigqila. Wayefanele iqhaza ukumshaya ngokukhethekile isigqila esibalekile. Le ntombazane yenqaba ukuhambisana mfuneko, futhi ebiyelwe indlela ukuze umuntu omhlophe. Ngenxa yalesi, wajikijelwa at ezimbili iphawundi wakhe dumbbell, ukushaya ikhanda uHarriet sika. I intombazane ingafi ngokuyisimangaliso, kodwa inqubo yokwelapha kwadonsa izinyanga ezingu-. Ukulimala ukhathazwa ukuphila kwakhe.

Ngezinye iminyaka engamashumi amabili nane, washada khulula indoda omnyama, John Tubman. Emzamweni inkululeko, watshela umyeni wakhe ngesifiso sakhe ukubalekela enyakatho. Kodwa lo muntu akazange ukumeseka, esongela ukunikeza Sebawoti for umzamo yokuphunyuka. Khona-ke uHarriet wanquma ukuzenzela umathanda, futhi kungesemehlweni umyeni wakhe. Njengoba ngisindile, ukuze Maryland, ejoyina abolitionists. Kuyini lokhu ukunyakaza?

Umqondo abolitionism

Kuhunyushwe kusuka egameni lesi Latin elisho ukuthi "ukwesulwa". Umsunguli wale nhlangano, okuyinto wawalwela nokuqeda ubugqila. Ngu ukuzalwa uHarriet Tubman ke kwakungavunyelwe ukungenisa ku-United States , ikoloni laseBrithani yezigqila Afrika. Ngo-1833, ubugqila wavinjelwa WaseBrithani. Nokho, e-US, isimo azishintshile.

Omunye abolitionists wokuqala omhlophe elinsundu e-United States ubhekwa Dzhon Braun. Isiphetho Lo muntu Kwakungelula: ibhizinisi lakhe kwakhiwa, ke bashonelwe kumkakhe wokuqala futhi eziningana izingane zakhe ukuba ibuye emshadweni wayo lokuqala nelesibili, lapho izikweletu yene, kanye ngisho sihlezi kubhazabhaza ke ejele. Kodwa uJohane ayikwazanga Kukhona okunye okucabangayo kodwa ukushikashikeka ngenxa Ukukhululwa yezigqila. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, imisebenzi yayo kanye nezingane wajoyina. izindlela zayo emzabalazweni babe nolaka. Ngenxa yalokho izenzakalo Harpers Ferry, yena wethulwa enkantolo, wagwetshelwa ukufa ngokulengiswa.

Le ntombi baba ingxenye ukunyakaza ngenxa Ukukhululwa yezigqila e-United States. Yena walondoloza ubuhlobo John Brown.

Ukubamba iqhaza ukunyakaza abolitionist

UHarriet Tubman baba ingxenye ukunyakaza kusukela 1849, ngokushesha ngemva yokuphunyuka. Yena ukulondolozwa izigqila uyaca ferrying izakhamuzi uthi aseningizimu enyakatho, kanye e-Canada. Inhlangano ekhethekile sidalwe le njongo ngokuthi "Underground Ujantshi."

Ngenxa uHarriet Tubman izigqila ngamakhulu ezinkulungwane zabantu ababaleka bebodwa, waphefumulela isibonelo sakhe.

Yena luqobo amangalelwe (ngokuvumelana umbhali wemilando yokuphila kwabantu wakhe uSara Bradford), ukuthi kule ntombazane kwakukhona kuphela lokukhetha phakathi inkululeko futhi ukufa. Wabona ukuphila kwakhe emzabalazweni wenkululeko.

Ukuhlanganyela kulwiwa

Angazi uhlale eceleni uHarriet Tubman (i abolitionist Abansundu eMelika) ngesikhathi izenzakalo 1861-1865. Kulwiwa kwaba zokuchitheka kwegazi okukhulu kunakho emlandweni we-US. Izwe lahlukaniswa kwaba amakamu amabili aphikisanayo. Omunye wabo kwakungu-North ehlanganisa nerabovladelcheskih uthi womnotho okwakukhona ukukhiqizwa yezimboni. Owesibili kwaba yilona South, eyayihlanganisa inceku uthi izingxenye eningizimu nasenyakatho ye-United States, umnotho kabani iminotho kukhona nezokulima yayiphethe ku izigqila.

Yena balwa ibutho North njengoba unesi ayohlola. I sokuzihlukanisa iqhaza yakhe 1863 wakwazi ukukhulula izigqila ezinye 750. Omunye umphumela impi kwaba ukwenqatshelwa lobugqila lonke elase-United States. Nokho, wahlala umbuzo kungalungiswanga lokunikezelwa amalungelo alinganayo kubantu abamnyama.

Ngemva kwempi waqhubeka ukunyakaza ukwenza ngcono izimpilo wabantu abamnyama kanye lamalungelo abesifazane. UHarriet efa 3/10/1913 at Auburn (New York).

Le filimu ngokuphila i abolitionist Afrika American

ngokushesha Biography uHarriet Tubman laba isisekelo segama ifilimu, okuyinto has a isihloko ukusebenza "uHarriet". Screenwriter Gregory Allen Howard wenza ukuthi baye bathi kuncike yekubandlululwa enye indalo yakhe - ". Khumbula Titans"

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi iskripthi usulungile, ukuqopha uzoqala ngo-2017. Kusolwa ukuthi izodluliselwa nge uSeti Mann. Waziwa imisebenzi yakhe ezifana "The Wire" uchungechunge futhi "The Walking Dead."

Isithombe umthethosivivinywa dollar

Uma wazi Biography of the abolitionist adumile e-United States, ke akumangalisi ukuthi entsha-dollar amabili bill kungenziwa eyethulwe isithombe uHarriet Tubman. Dollar uzothola nobuso obudala cishe ngo-2020, iminyaka eyikhulu kusukela ngosuku lokunikezelwa suffrage zabesifazane.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi i-eyiphepha elibonakalayo zamadola amabili iye yaveza abesifazane. Ngo-1863, kwaba Lady Liberty nge isihlangu nenkemba esandleni, ngo-1865 - Pocahontas, okuyinto njengenhlangano inkosazana Indian ezaziwayo.

Kumele wakhumbula ukuthi kusukela ngo-1928 kuze kube namuhla umthethosivivinywa ivezwe umongameli lwesikhombisa - Endryu Dzhekson. Ngaleso sikhathi, ayeyithola eshisiwe omkhulu, wahlanganyela ukuhweba ngezigqila.

Ngokwemibiko ethile, Tubman noJackson bayohlanganyela ibhili ezimbili. endaweni enjalo uyobheka inkanuko kakhulu, ucabangela ukubukwa kokubili Ubugqila.