Small izingalo Wehrmacht. Izikhali ezincane we Wehrmacht eMpini Yezwe II. Izikhali ezincane Germany

Ngenxa ifilimu Soviet mayelana nempi, abantu abaningi baye baba umbono engaguquki ukuthi mass ukudayiswa kwezikhali ezincane (isithombe ngezansi) elihamba German ngesikhathi seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili - uyazenzakalela (SMG), "Schmeisser" uhlelo, okuyinto okuthiwa zayo amagama umklami. Lokhu inganekwane kube yilolu suku besekele ngu cinema kazwelonke. Nokho, eqinisweni, lo mshini ethandwa Asikaze isikhali omkhulu we Wehrmacht, futhi wadala kwakungeyona Hugo Schmeisser. Nokho, izinto zokuqala kuqala.

kanjani izinganekwane

Zonke izisebenzi kufanele baqaphe amabhayisikobho yasekhaya anikezelwe elihamba ukuhlaselwa isiJalimane izikhundla zethu. guys Abanesibindi ezimhlophe kuhambisane nesivinini sokufunda komfundi, akukho Ducking, futhi ukuziphatha umshini sokudubula "kusukela hip." Futhi ezithakazelisayo kakhulu ukuthi leli qiniso akumangalisi muntu, ngaphandle kulabo ababengabafo abangamaqhawe empini. Ngokwe-amabhayisikobho, "Schmeisser" akwazi ukuqhuba umlilo okuhloswe ngaso ibanga elifanayo njengoba ngezibhamu of amasosha ethu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umbukeli lapho kokubuka lezi amafilimu, sinikeze umbono wokuthi abasebenzi konke elihamba German ngesikhathi seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili, ayehlome izibhamu. Empeleni, konke kwakuhlukile, futhi sub-machine gun - akusiwona omkhulu izingalo encane Wehrmacht, futhi "kusukela hip" akunakwenzeka ukudubula kuyo, walibiza ngokuthi hhayi "Schmeisser". Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuze afeze imisele kuhlasela division submachine, lapho kukhona fighters, bebehlome ngezibhamu esitolo - lokhu kuyinto ukuzibulala sobala, njengoba imisele nje eyodwa ngeke kwehle.

inganekwane likhona isibhamu othomathikhi MP-40

I izingalo encane Wehrmacht eMpini Yezwe II ngokomthetho ngokuthi SMG (Maschinenpistole) MP-40. Eqinisweni, it is a ukuguqulwa umshini MP-36. Umklami mthandazo oyisibonelo, ngokuphambene nenkolelo evamile, akuyona gunsmith H. Schmeisser, kanye umdwebi odumile ngokulinganayo futhi abanamakhono Genrih Folmer. Futhi kungani kuye ngakho ngokuqinile wanamathela isidlaliso "Schmeisser"? Into wukuthi Schmeisser ephethwe igunya lokwenza esitolo, okuyinto esetshenziswa kule sub-izibhamu. Futhi ukuze copyright yakhe, umyalo wokuqala MR-40 inkatho on esitolo umamukeli wanyathela umbhalo oqoshiwe KUBANIK SCHMEISSER. Lapho le mishini babe yimpango amasosha amabutho amaZwe Asizanayo, bona ngephutha wacabanga ukuthi umlobi waleli imodeli ukudayiswa kwezikhali ezincane, yebo, Schmeisser. Yilokho ngokuba MP-40 futhi silungise ngaleli gama.

Ekuqaleni, le-German High Command zingakuqeda yini ukuhlonyiswa ngezikhali izibhamu kuphela yisho isakhiwo. Ngakho, ngo-izigaba elihamba ka MP-40 kwakufanele kube kuphela ngesikhathi Ibutho izinduna, umlomo kanye namahhovisi. Kamuva amavolovolo othomathikhi enikeziwe nabashayeli izimoto armored, amathangi kanye ilungu lamasotsha aqeqeshelwe ukugxuma emabhanoyini. Mass elihamba akekho zingakuqeda yini ukuhlonyiswa ngezikhali noma ngo-1941 noma ngemva kwalokho. Ngokwe emilandwini ibutho lamaJalimane ngo-1941, amabutho babe imishini 250,000 kuphela MP-40, futhi abantu abayizigidi ezingu-7,234. Njengoba ubona, ngesibhamu submachine - akusiwona isikhali omkhulu kweMpi Yezwe II. Ngokuvamile, lonke isikhathi - 1939 kuya ku-1945 - zavezwa 1.2 million kuphela yale mishini, ngesikhathi izingxenye Wehrmacht lwenzelwe abantu abangaphezu kuka-21 million.

Kunganjani elihamba ahlomile MP-40?

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ochwepheshe baye baqaphela kwalokho ukuthi LL-40 - lena izingalo engcono elincane iMpi Yezwe II ngo izigaba elihamba we Wehrmacht kwadingeka iyunithi yakhe. Isizathu sisobala: uhla sextant ngalesi umshini emigomweni yeqembu 150 m kuphela, futhi eyodwa - 70 m Lokhu kwenzeka naphezu kokuba amasosha aseSoviet lawa abehlome ngezibhamu Mosin isibhamu Tokarev (SVT), sextant ububanzi okwakukhona 800 m kweqembu. imigomo kanye 400 m olulodwa. Uma amaJalimane wayelwile ngezikhali ezifana ziye emabhayisikobho Russian, ayengeke baye bakwazi ukufinyelela imisele isitha, babeyovuswa esingu njengasezinsukwini dash.

Kokudubula usohambeni "kusukela hip"

Submachine isibhamu MP-40 ne dlidliza labadubuli, futhi uma ulisebenzisa, njengoba kukhonjisiwe kulesibonelo ifilimu, izinhlamvu njalo flying ebanzi umgomo. Ngakho-ke, umlilo ngempumelelo kumele ngokuqinile bezama ehlombe, ngemva ukusakaza Butt. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abakaze wadubula Ukuvutha nje heats ngokushesha esuka kulo mshini. Ngokuvamile washaywa ekuqhumeni esifushane 3-4 cartridges ababekubikezela noma ababekubhala umlilo olulodwa. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi izici ukusebenza wabonisa ukuthi izinga 450-500 imizuliswano ngomzuzu, ngokomthetho kuzuzwe umphumela onjalo ngeke ziphumelele.

Izinzuzo MP-40

Asinakusho ukuthi izikhali ezincane kweMpi Yezwe II kwaba kubi, kunalokho, kuba kakhulu, esiyingozi kakhulu, kodwa ke kumele isicelo Melee. Yingakho ehlome kubo kuqala ukuketula amayunithi. Babuye wayevame scouts yebutho yethu futhi abashokobezi ihlonishwe kulo mshini. Ukusetshenziswa Melee engasindi ephezulu Isivinini nezibhamu ayithelanga nezinzuzo ezingokoqobo. Ngisho kwamanje, MP-40 ethandwa kakhulu kubantu izigebengu, futhi intengo umshini ngomgunyathi kuphezulu kakhulu. Abakhulule bonke ukuze uthole "archeologists black", okuyizinga elenza umthetho ezindaweni wenkazimulo lempi ukuze kumbiwe futhi ngokuvamile kakhulu ukuthola futhi ubuyisele WWII izikhali.

mauser 98k

Singathini ngale carbine? Okuvame kakhulu izikhali ezincane eJalimane - isibhamu "Mauser" uhlelo. sextant wakhe uhla lokudubula-2000 m. Njengoba ubona, lokhu kukhetha kakhulu efana Mosin isibhamu kanye SVT. Lokhu carbine yasungulwa ngo-1888. Phakathi nempi, lesi sakhiwo iye kakhulu ethuthukisiwe, ngokuyinhloko ukuze Izindleko nokwehlisa, kanye nokuncishiswa zokukhiqiza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingalo encane Wehrmacht kwaba ifakwe nokuzwa telescopic kanye sniper amayunithi zaphela kubo. Rifle "Mauser" uhlelo ngaleso sikhathi kwakuwukuthola enkonzweni namabutho eziningi, ezifana Belgium, Spain, Turkey, eCzechoslovakia, Poland, eYugoslavia naseSweden.

Self-ukulayisha sokuzingela

Ekupheleni 1941 elihamba Amayunithi Wehrmacht ukulingwa lempi wathola kuqala othomathikhi self-ukulayisha sokuzingela uhlelo Walter G-41 futhi G-41 Mauser. Umbala wawo kwaba ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi iRed Army wema ngaphezulu kwengxenye yesigidi lwalezi nhlelo: SVT-38 SVT-40 futhi ABC-36. Ukuze sokudedela amasosha aseSoviet, gunsmiths German kwadingeka ngokushesha ukuthuthukisa izinguqulo zabo lezi ngezibhamu. Ngenxa yalokho uvivinyo ke wayebhekwa kangcono sezingenela yi G-41 uhlelo (Walter uhlelo). I isibhamu ifakwe isando uhlobo nomthelela indlela. Yakhelwe nomlilo isibhamu esisodwa kuphela. izinhlamvu zayo nomthamo imizuliswano eziyishumi. Lokhu sokuzingela othomathikhi self-yokulayisha eyenzelwe umlilo okuhloswe ngaso ibanga 1,200 m. Nokho, ngenxa isisindo esikhulu isikhali, kanye nokwethenjelwa ongaphakeme nokuzwela ukungcola, it wadedelwa ngo uchungechunge elincane. Ngo-1943, nabaqambi nginqobe lezi amaphutha, ahlinzekwa inguqulo ethuthukisiwe ye-G-43 (Walter uhlelo), eyakhishwa ngo inani amayunithi abangamakhulu ezinkulungwane eziningana. Ngaphambi ukubukeka amasosha wakhe Wehrmacht wakhetha ukusebenzisa indondo sokuzingela SVT-40 Soviet (!) Production.

Manje emuva gunsmith German Hugo Schmeisser. Baye lakhiwe izinhlelo ezimbili, ngaphandle okubize Second neMpi Yezwe.

Izibhamu - MP-41

Le modeli lakhiwe ngokuhlanganyela MP-40. Lo mshini kwaba sihluke kakhulu ijwayelekile yonke amabhayisikobho "Schmeisser": the ibhodi lemisindo kwase okuqoqiwe esihlahleni, esivikela fighter ukusha, ngangilithanda kakhulu futhi ezinzima eside barreled. Nokho, izingalo encane Wehrmacht hhayi kabanzi futhi ayatholakala isikhathi eside. Ubude ekhiqizwa amayunithi angaba yizinkulungwane 26. Kucatshangwa ukuthi ibutho lamaJalimane wenqaba kulo mshini ngokuqondene nomthetho ngokuqinile Erma, wamemezela emthethweni yokukopisha nomklamo walo lobunikazi. Izibhamu MR-41 ukusebenzisa ingxenye Waffen SS. Futhi asebenzisa ngayo ngokuphumelelayo amayunithi AmaGestapo entabeni rangers.

MR-43 noma StG-44

isikhali Landelayo Wehrmacht (isithombe ngezansi) Schmeisser athuthukiswe ngo-1943. Okokuqala, wawubizwa ngokuthi MP-43, futhi kamuva - StG-44, okusho ukuthi "nokuhlanganisa isibhamu» (sturmgewehr). Lokhu sokuzingela othomathikhi ngokubukeka, futhi kwezinye Ukucaciswa, sifana a Kalashnikov (elafika kamuva), futhi ngokuphongoza LL-40. Ibanga ukuziphatha okuhloswe umlilo eseneminyaka kuze kufinyelele 800 m. Ngaleso StG-44 ngisho Kucatshangwa ukuthi kungenzeka ukulungisa 30 mm amabhomu Sokuqalisa. Ukuze kokudubula khava umlomo wombhobho ekhethekile yasungulwa umklami, okuyinto agqoke nomlomo ingxenye futhi washintsha trajectory yinhlamvu at degrees 32. Ekukhiqizweni kwalezi zikhali kuphela hit ekwindla ka-1944. Phakathi nempi, it wadedelwa 450 ayizinkulungwane yalezi ngezibhamu. amasosha ambalwa Ngakho-German ongasebenzisa isibhamu ezinjalo. StG-44 sithunyelwe amayunithi elite Wehrmacht futhi Waffen SS amayunithi. Ngemva kwalokho, izikhali Wehrmacht lalisetshenziswa Armed Forces sase-GDR.

FG-42 isibhamu othomathikhi

Lezi amakhophi senzelwe amabutho sisemoyeni. Bahlanganisa izimfanelo elwa we isibhamu umshini futhi isibhamu othomathikhi. Ukuthuthukiswa izikhali wasiphakamisa ngokuqinile "Rheinmetall" ngokuhamba empini, lapho, ngemva kokuhlaziywa kwamathenda imiphumela imisebenzi sisemoyeni owenziwa Wehrmacht, kwatholakala ukuthi izibhamu sub-umshini MP-38 akusho ngokugcwele nezidingo elwa lolu hlobo amabutho. Uhlolo lokuqala ngezibhamu yayiqhutshelwa 1942, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ke iye yemukelwa. Iyasebenza, wathi izingalo futhi wembula amaphutha elihlobene ne amandla ongaphakeme nokuzinza phakathi labadubuli othomathikhi. Ngo-1944 wakhulula isibhamu sohlobo lwe-ithuthukiswe FG-42 (Model 2), futhi imodeli 1 iphelelwe ukukhiqizwa. I-trigger inqubo isikhali ivumela umlilo okuzenzakalelayo noma eyodwa. I isibhamu eyenzelwe igobolondo standard Mauser 7.92 mm. Magazine umthamo 10 noma 20 kwamarounds. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isibhamu ingasetshenziswa ngokudubula sokuzingela namabhomu ekhethekile. Ukuze kwenziwe ngcono ukuzinza uma ngokudubula ngaphansi emgqonyeni unamathele bipod. FG-42 isibhamu yakhelwe zokudubula ibanga 1200 m Ngenxa zibiza Isikhishwe eziningi limited :. Bangu-amayunithi ayizinkulungwane 12 kokubili onobuhle.

Luger P08 no-Walter P38

Manje cabanga ngalokho izinhlobo zibhamu enkonzweni nge ibutho lamaJalimane. "Luger", igama lakhe lesibili "Parabellum", waba osezingeni 7,65 mm. Ekuqaleni kwempi kwakukhona abantu abangaphezu kwengxenye yesigidi yalezi amavolovolo e izingxenye ibutho lamaJalimane. I izingalo encane Wehrmacht zavezwa kuze 1942, bese balikhipha bafaka "UWalter" eziqinile.

Lokhu isibhamu sivunyiwe for inkonzo ngo-1940. Wayefuna ukuyobopha amakholwa nomlilo 9 mm izinhlamvu, umagazini nomthamo 8 imizuliswano. Ngemishini basukela "UWalter" - amamitha 50. It yadalwa kuya ku-1945. Inombolo ephelele ekhishiwe amavolovolo P38 kwaba cishe 1 million amayunithi.

Izikhali kweMpi Yezwe II: MG-34, MG-42 futhi MG-45

Ngasekuqaleni kwawo-30-yalolucwaningo wezempi German kwanqunywa ukusetha i isibhamu umshini, inqubo eyayingase isetshenziswe njengoba umshini esindayo, futhi njengoba ibhukwana. Labo okwakulindeleke ukuba nomlilo ngaso izindiza isitha kanye ukuhlomisa amathangi. kwaba Ngakho isibhamu MG-34, eklanyelwe inkampani "Rheinmetall" bafakwa inkonzo 1934 ngu ekuqaleni imisebenzi yezempi kuleli Wehrmacht, kwakunoFakazi abacishe babe ngu-80 eziyinkulungwane yalezi zikhali. I isibhamu umshini nomlilo uhlwayi olulodwa futhi okuqhubekayo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, waba inhlamvu nge kude ezimbili. Uma uchofoza isibhamu okuphezulu kwabhekiswa wadubula eyodwa, futhi uma uchofoza ephansi - Queues. Ukuze kwakusho Mauser sokuzingela cartridges 7,92x57 mm, nokukhanya noma amabhulethi esindayo. Futhi kule 40s baye kwakhiwa futhi kwasetshenziswa izingxube udibi ukubhoboza, Tracer udibi Ukubhoboza, udibi Ukubhoboza izinhlobo incendiary nezinye nezinhlamvu. Kule esiphethweni sokuthi Umfutho izinguquko izinhlelo izikhali kanye amaqhinga basebenzisa kwaba seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili.

Izikhali ezincane, esasetshenziswa esikhangisweni se inkampani, kanye agcwaliswa nge imodeli entsha machine gun - MG-42. It lakhiwe futhi bangeniswa isevisi ngo-1942. Abaklami lula kakhulu abese onakalisa ukukhiqizwa kwezikhali. Ngakho, lapho ukukhiqizwa yayo sisetshenziswa kabanzi indawo Welding futhi nginyathela kanye ngetincenye lancipha engama-200 isibhamu inhlamvu ikuvumela ukuba ugcine kokubuyekezwa, umlilo okuzenzakalelayo kuphela - 1200-1300 imizuliswano ngomzuzu. Izinguquko ezinjalo, ngakho abalulekile kwaba nethonya elibi ku ukuzinza iyunithi uma ngokudubula. Ngakho-ke, ukuqinisekisa ukunemba Kunconywa kokudubula imisindo emifushane. Ezakhiwe ngayo umshini isibhamu esisha ziyefana for the MG-34. Ibanga umlilo okuhloswe kwaba amakhilomitha amabili. Umsebenzi ngcono design kwaqhubeka kwaze kwaba sekupheleni kuka-1943, okwaholela ekusungulweni ukuguqulwa entsha, eyaziwa ngokuthi MG-45.

Lokhu isibhamu kuhlaziywe kg 6.5 kuphela, futhi ngesilinganiso 2.400 imizuliswano ngomzuzu. Phela, ngesilinganiso esifanayo lomlilo ayikwazanga ukuziqhayisa noma ubani elihamba machine gun ngaleso sikhathi. Nokho, lokhu ukuguqulwa wafika sekwephuzile futhi Wehrmacht awuzange ehlome.

Anti-tank izibhamu: PZB-39 Panzerschrek

PZB-39 yasungulwa ngo-1938. Kuyinto isikhali seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili, ne impumelelo isihlobo lasetshenziswa okokuqala ukulwa tankettes, amathangi kanye izimoto armored babe zempi inhlamvu. Against amathangi kakhulu armored (French B-1, i-British "Mathilde" futhi "Churchill", iSoviet T-34 futhi KV), lokhu isibhamu Kwakumelwe bakhethe ingaphumeleli, noma ngisho into engenamsebenzi. Ngenxa yalokho, maduze esikhundleni antitank amabhomu iziqhumane kanye rocket ezinezinjini izibhamu "panzerschreck", "Ofenror" futhi edumile "Panzerfaust". Ngo PZB-39 7.92 osezingeni igobolondo esetshenziswa mm. Kokudubula kumamitha angu-100, ikhono ukuvumela punctured "agqoke" 35 mm zempi.

"Panzerschreck". Lokhu kukhanya anti-tank isikhali German ikhophi sokulungisa "Bazooka" American jet isibhamu. Abaklami German abahlinzeke ichopho yayo, okuyinto kuvikelwa amagesi umcibisholo ashisayo nabaphunyukayo amabhomu umlomo wombhobho. Lezi izikhali njengento yokuqala enikeziwe inkampani antitank ezinezinjini sokuzingela regiments of tank ukwahlukana. Jet zibhamu ithuluzi ithatha enamandla. "Panzerschreck" iyisikhali ukusetshenziswa iqembu futhi babekhonza ukubala, ehlanganisa abantu abathathu. Ngoba babengaqiniseki eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ukusetshenziswa kwazo liyadingeka ukuqeqeshwa izibalo ekhethekile. Sekukonke e 1943-1944 eyakhishwa amayunithi 314.000 kwezibhamu namabhomu abayizithulu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezimbili rocket ezinezinjini kubo.

amabhomu Rocket ezinezinjini, "bazookas" futhi "Panzerfaust"

Iminyaka yokuqala seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili ngababonisa nokuthi izibhamu antitank angabhekana ngayo imisebenzi, ngakho ibutho lezempi German yafuna antitank izikhali, okuyinto ungakwazi ukuhlomisa elihamba, ukulalela isimiso 'umlilo -. Waphonsa " Ukuthuthukiswa inhlukano amabhomu alahlwayo ekuqaleni sikwenza kungaxegi HASAG ngo-1942 (umklami abakhulu Langvayler). Futhi ngo-1943 kwaqala ukukhiqizwa. Eyokuqala 500 "Panzerfaust" langena ibutho ngo-August ka ngawo lowo nyaka. Wonke amamodeli we antitank amabhomu ayefana design: bona lalinabashumayeli emgqonyeni (smoothbore ungenisa ipayipi) namabhomu nadkalibernoy. Ukuze ebusweni elingaphandle umgqomo ashiselwe isando indlela nedivayisi kuhloswe.

"Panzerfaust" ingenye enamandla kakhulu izinguqulo "bazookas", olwakhiwa ekupheleni kwempi. Labadubuli uhla kwaba 150 m nezikhali - 280-320 mm. "Panzerfaust" kwaba ukusetshenziswa okuphindiwe isikhali. Umgqomo unikezwa isango amabhomu isibhamu, itholakala inhlamvu indlela, icala Propellant afakwe ebhuthini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abaklami bakwazi ukwandisa ijubane indiza amabhomu. Angaphezulu kwezigidi eziyisishiyagalombili amabhomu kuzo zonke izinguqulo zavezwa phakathi nempi. Lolu hlobo isikhali abangela ukufa okukhulu amathangi Soviet. Ngakho, ngo-izimpi emaphethelweni Berlin ngu-30 wamaphesenti izimoto armored ngayinye kwabhujiswa, futhi phakathi emgwaqweni elwa enhlokodolobha yase Germany - 70%.

isiphetho

SeMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili kwakufanele nomthelela ku ezincane, kuhlanganise ezizishintshayo zomhlaba, ukukhula kwawo kanye nokusetshenziswa amacebo. Ngokusekelwe imiphumela kumele kuphetfwe ukuthi, naphezu ukudalwa nezikhali esimanjemanje kakhulu, indima elihamba amayunithi akuyona encishisiwe. Okuhlangenwe nakho zanqwabelana ukusetshenziswa kwezikhali kuleyo minyaka kuyinto yangempela futhi namuhla. Eqinisweni, kuye kwaba isisekelo ukuthuthukiswa nokwenziwa ngcono ngezikhali ezincane.