I-ecosystem iyisisekelo sokuba khona kwayo yonke impilo emhlabeni

Iplanethi yethu icebile futhi inhle. Leyo ngxenye yomhlaba, lapho abamele abahlukahlukene bezitshalo nezilwane bahlala khona, kuthiwa yi-biosphere. Ukuze siqonde kangcono izinqubo zokusebenzisana kwazo, umqondo wendalo wenziwa. Leli gama, elisho ubudlelwane bokuphila nezimo zabo zokuphila. Ingxenye ngayinye yalesi simiso ixhunywe nokunye futhi ngokuqondile noma ngokungaqondile ixhomeke kubo. Ngakho-ke, ngisho nokwephulwa okuncane kokusebenza kwezinto kuzokwenza ukungalingani eqenjini lonke.

Iyini isimiso semvelo?

Noma iyiphi indawo yokuphila iyindawo yokuzalwa nokuthuthukiswa kokuphila. Ayikho imvelo engakhula ngokuzihlukanisa: kuphela ekusebenzisaneni nezinye izinto eziphilayo kanye nezimo zemvelo kungenzeka ukuba khona kwayo.

Lo mqondo awunawo ubukhulu. Yilokho, noma yikuphi okucatshangelwayo, kuyisimo sezinto eziphilayo. Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, akukho umehluko uma indawo efundwe yilwandle noma echibini elincane, noma mhlawumbe lihlathi lepine noma ihlane laseGobi. Futhi owokuqala, nowesibili, nowesithathu, nanoma yimuphi omunye - indawo yokuphila. Leli yigama elaziwa ngokusebenza ngumuntu wezinto eziphilayo, noma ngokuqondile, i-phytocenologist, u-A. Tensli. Yini ehlanganisiwe kulo mqondo? Okokuqala, lolu hlelo lubandakanya i-biogeocenosis. Kuhlanganisa ngokuphelele zonke izinto eziphilayo ezihlala endaweni efundelwe. Okwesibili, ingxenye ye-abiotic, zonke lezo ezingapheli, kodwa izingxenye ezidingekayo ngokuphelele: umoya, amanzi, ukukhanya. Futhi okwesithathu - ingxenye engenakugwemeka yokufa - izinto eziphilayo ezifile kakade, noma ngendlela ehlukile ye-detritus.

Biogeocenosis kanye nemvelo. Ukuzinza nokushintsha kwabo

Imithombo eminingi ithi isimo semvelo siyisimangalo se-biogeocenosis. Phakathi kwale miqondo akukho mingcele ecacile. Kanye naphakathi kwemvelo ngokwayo: umuntu angadlulisela kalula kwenye. Kulezo zindawo ukuthi umuntu kufanele aqaphele ikakhulukazi futhi aqaphele: noma yikuphi, ngisho nokungabalulekile, ukungenelela kungaphazamisa izinhlobo eziningana zezinto eziphilayo.

Izindawo zokusebenzisana kwezindawo zokuhlala kanye nomunye nomunye, ezivela ngaphandle kokungenelela komuntu, yizinto eziphilayo zemvelo. Zimelela konke okuzinzile, okuyinto ehambisana nomqondo we-homeostasis. Leli gama elichaza ukuthuthukiswa okuzinzile kuwo wonke amalungu omphakathi. I-Homeostasis ibonisa ukulinganisela phakathi kokusetshenziswa kwezinto nezinto zamandla nokukhululwa, ibhalansi phakathi kokufa nokuzala. Isibonelo, imvelo ye-"fox-hare". Uma inani "lemfuyo" ye-hare lingakhula, inani lezilwane ezidliwayo lizokhula ngokungazelelwe, ukuze lingavumeli ukuba isikhathi eside siqothule abakhiqizi bezitshalo. Lezi zinsuku ziphinde zenze izinto eziphilayo ezivela ezinganeni ezingekho ngaphansi kwemvelo ohlelweni lwazo zonke i-photosynthesis eyaziwayo.

Ukushintsha isimo sezinto eziphilayo. Izindawo eziphilayo zokuhlala eziphilayo

Ngakho-ke, noma yimuphi umthombo wezinto eziphilayo onamandla awo wonke uphikisana nanoma yiziphi izici eziholela ekuphukeni kombuso wayo ozinzile. Kuyazi ukuthi leli datha lizinzile kakhulu, ikakhulukazi iwebhu yokudla kuyo, izinketho ezingaphezu kwalokho okudingekayo ngokuphindaphindiwe.

Noma yikuphi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi imvelo yamanzi noma komhlaba, iguqulwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, ama-seashell amaningi esihlangana nabo emagcekeni olwandle: iningi laso liye lashona ngenxa yokuqothulwa kwama-mollusk abo abizwa ngokuthi ama-rapans.

Njengamanje, izinto eziphilayo ezidalwe ngokuhlakanipha - "imishini yamadoda", "umuntu-ibhizinisi" namanye abuye asetshenziswe. Futhi uma kulezi zindawo homo sapiens zingakwazi ukuqapha izinqubo eziqhubekayo ngaphandle kokulimaza umphumela, khona-ke ezimweni zemvelo azisebenzi.