Isignali esivela esikhala (1977). Izimpawu ezisemkhathini ezivela esibhakabhakeni

Kusukela ema-60s ekhulwini lokugcina, ososayensi abavela emhlabeni wonke balalela izibonakaliso ezivela emkhathini wangaphandle ukubamba okungenani umyalezo othile ovela empucuko yasemaphandleni. Manje kukhona amavolontiya angaba yizigidi ezingu-5 abamba iqhaza emsebenzini weSeti @ ekhaya futhi ezama ukucacisa izigidigidi zama-radio frequencies njalo ezihleliwe endaweni yonke. Lokhu kwenzelwa uhlelo oluthile olufakwe kuma computer ekhaya. Yonke imininingwane eqoqwe kumabonakude enamandla kunazo zonke zomsakazo ifika nge-intanethi ngokuqondile kubasebenzi.

Isibonakaliso sokuqala

Maphakathi no-Agasti 1977, kwenzeka umcimbi ongenakwenzeka ngempela. UDkt. Jerry Eyman waseNyuvesi yase-Ohio, owasebenza ohlelweni lweSETI kumbonakude we-radio obizwa ngokuthi "Big Ear", wathola isignali esivela esikhala. Wabonakala eqinile futhi eside, yonke imingcele yakhe yathi unemvelaphi yokufakelwa. Ehlushwa yizwi elithokozile alibonayo, umMelika wathi: "Wow! Isignali "Yile ndlela abaqala ngayo ukubiza isibonakaliso esivela emkhathini esikhathini esizayo.

Sekudlule iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-35, futhi imfihlo yayo, ngeshwa, ingakaze itholakale. Ukuvela kwawo ososayensi abazange banikeze incazelo ehlakaniphile. Izazi zezinkanyezi azikho izinkolelo eziphathelene nomvelaphi wemvelo womthombo walesi siginali. Ngakho-ke, kunabantu abanele abazimisele ukukholelwa ukuthi uthunyelwe emkhunjini ongaphandle.

Ngokuqondene nale nguqulo, kusho ukuthi isibonakaliso esivela esibhakabhakeni (1977) sivela endaweni lapho i- Sagittarius ye - constellation, kodwa kusukela engxenyeni engenalutho esibhakabhakeni. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi azikho ezinye izincazelo emva kweminyaka eminingi kangaka.

Incazelo "Wow! Isignali »

Amandla walesi siginali adlule ngemuva ngezikhathi ezingu-30. Imvamisa yayo yayiyi-1.42 GHz, ehambisana ne-hydrogen. Kwakukhona ukuthi ososayensi babelinde futhi besalinde okungenani imilayezo evela emiphakathini engaphandle. Lesi simpawu sabamba imizuzwana engu-72 - ukuphakama okufanayo okufanele kube nakho uma kunemvelaphi yokufakelwa. Iqiniso liwukuthi i-antenna ye "Ndlebe Ekulu" iyama futhi isebenzisa ukuzungeza kweplanethi yethu ukukhipha isibhakabhaka. Ngakho-ke, umthombo wesignali kungenzeka ukuthi ulalele imizuzwana engu-72 kuphela. Kulezi, cishe isigamu sesikhathi, sanda kancane kancane, kanti okwamanje i-telescope ihlose umthombo. Khona-ke imizuzwana engu-36 esele isibonakaliso esivela esikhaleni siyancipha kancane kancane. Yilokho okwakubhalwe yi-telescope yomsakazo "Indlebe enkulu".

Inguqulo yeBenford

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukusebenzisa inethiwekhi yezokuxhumana ye-Twitter ukubhalela umfokazi "abazalwane engqondweni" kubonakala sengathi kuyisibonakaliso ngokulandelana kwemibono emisha evezwe ososayensi abahlanganyela iqhaza kumsebenzi we-SETI. UGregory noJacob Benford - abacwaningi abavela eNyuvesi yaseCalifornia - bakholelwa ukuthi i-Twitter efanayo kunezinye amaplanethi.

Isimiso samanje sokufuna ezinye imiphakathi sisekelwe eqinisweni lokuthi "abafowethu" nabo baqhubeka bethumela izimpawu emkhathini. Kodwa ukuzithumela ngokwanele, kuzothatha izindleko ezinkulu zamandla, okuyinto imfucuza engenakuxolelwa. Ngakho-ke, uBenford ukholelwa ukuthi abafokazi bangathumela isignali yabo emkhathini ngomlayezo omfushane, ofanayo nalowo abantu abaphuma ku-Twitter. Ngokusho kwalaba ososayensi, isintu singase siphume isibalo esikhulu sempawu noma sibambe ngokuzenzakalela, njengoba kwenzeka "Wow! Isignali ».

Qaphela

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi akubona bonke ososayensi abanomdlandla ukubona imizamo yabalingani babo ukuxhumana nemiphakathi engaphandle. Ngokwesibonelo, uStephen Hawking - odumile we-astrophysicist waseBrithani - ukhuluma kabi ngalomqondo. Ngokombono wakhe, isintu sidinga ukuhlala sithule futhi singakhangazi ekutheni sithathwe ngaphandle. Ukholelwa ukuthi ukubukeka "kwabazalwane ngokucabanga" kuzofana nokuhlala kukaChristopher Columbus ezwekazini laseMelika. Futhi, njengoba kwaziwa, amaNdiya aphela kabi kakhulu.

UStephen Hawking ukholelwa ukuthi izinhlanga ezingaphandle zingaphila emabhokisini emikhumbi emikhulu, ngoba seziphelile imithombo yemvelo yamaplanethi awo. Ngakho-ke, bangase babe nesifiso sokuphanga umhlaba. Kukholelwa ukuthi abafokazi manje sebezingeni eliphakeme lentuthuko kunabantu, futhi banethuba lokuzulazula endaweni yonke ukuze bathathe iplanethi efanelekayo kubo.

Isignali ka-2010

Ekuqaleni kukaSeptemba 1977, imoto yesikhala okuthiwa i-Voyager 1 yasungulwa ensimini yase-US (Cape Canaveral). Ngemva kwesikhashana walandelwa elinye - iwele lakhe. Uhlelo, lawo madivaysi ayingxenye, yakhelwe ukuhlola amaplanethi amakhulu kakhulu kuMhlaba. Ngokusho kohlelo, owokuqala kubo kwakuzovakashela uSaturn noJupiter, kanti owesibili - uNeptune no-Uranus. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngosizo lwamadivaysi kwakuhloswe ukutadisha ama- satellite weeplanethi, izici zabo zomzimba, futhi uthathe izithombe ukusuka kude.

Ebhodini bobabili i-Voyagers kwakukhona umlayezo wabafokazi, obhalwe phansi epulini legolide. Kwakuqukethe ukubingelela ngezilimi ezihlukene, ukuhleka nokukhala kwezingane, imisindo ehlukahlukene yemvelo, njll. Lokhu konke kwakuhloswe ukusiza abafowethu "abafowethu" abafokazi ukuthi baqonde ukuthi umhlaba wethu ungubani.

Eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-30, izindiza zezindiza zahamba endaweni yonke futhi akukho lutho, ngaphandle kokubamba izinhliziyo zabo zobuchwepheshe, azizange zidlule. Kodwa ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli 2010, kwakukhona umcimbi omkhulu - i-Voyager 2 yathumela isibonakaliso esivela esikhaleni, esakwazi ukuzithatha. Walandela kuleso sigaba somhlaba wonke, okungaziwa lutho ngabakhileyo emhlabeni wethu.

Umlayezo ngalokhu kwakuyizwelo langempela. Ngenxa yalokhu, ososayensi bahlukanisa ngamakamu amabili. Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi lesi simpawu sibonakaliso semithetho engakaziwa yendawo yonke, kanti abanye bayibheka njengempendulo evela "kubazalwane abanengqondo".

Manje umsebenzi we-Voyagers usuqedile kakade, futhi sebeye ngaphesheya kwemingcele yelanga. Abasebenzi be-NASA bathambekele ekuchazeni izimpawu ezingavamile ezivela emkhathini ngokuthi i-spacecraft yabo iphelelwe yisikhathi, futhi bavele bahlelekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bafika endaweni eqhelile, lapho eminye imithetho ye-physics, engaziwa ngokuphelele ososayensi bethu, ingasebenza.

Isibonakaliso esisha

Ochwepheshe be-NASA kanye ne-European Space Research Agency phakathi nonyaka odlule benze esinye isitatimende sokuzwakala. Babike ukuthi babambe isibonakaliso esivela esikhaleni, esivela endaweni lapho inqwaba yePerseus ikhona khona . Kumele ngithi ukuthi ibanga eliphakathi kwalezi zinto zasezulwini nomhlaba wethu kungu-240 million ukukhanya-iminyaka.

Ngokusho kososayensi, isibonakaliso siwu-pulse enkulu ephakathi kwamagagasi e-X-ray. Umthombo wawo awukaze usungulwe, kodwa kuye kwaphakanyiswa ukuthi kungase kuvele "kwezinye i-neutrinos oyinyumba", okuyisisekelo sokuvela kwezinto ezibizwa ngokuthi umnyama. Ngokwesayensi ethandwa kakhulu emibuthanweni yesayensi, ithola cishe u-85% wendawo yonke, nakuba iqiniso lokuba khona kwalo lingakaze libonwe ngokwesayensi. I-NASA yaqinisekiswa ukuthi isibonakaliso esingaqondakali esivela esikhala ngo-2014 sizocutshungulwa ukuze kutholakale umthombo wayo.