Empire noKarla Velikogo - iRoma Okwesibili

UMbuso WaseRoma wawa ngaphansi ukumelana bakhona washiya nezifiso omkhulu nostalgic. Brilliance kanye nobuhle lasendulo babekhona kangangokuthi ngisho wazama ukukopisha abanqobi. EYurophu lehla ngokushesha inani kwakuqoshwe ezihleli izinqubo abafisa avuselele isimo oqinile enobunye, okuyinto sasiyodluliselwa, njengoba ngaphambilini eRoma, kusukela ngo-Atlantic Ocean kuwo wonke amazwe baseNtshonalanga Yurophu. Ukufeza iphupho labo ukuba babuthane umhlaba esimweni esisodwa ayengakwenza kuphela umbuso noKarla Velikogo. Ukuhlola kafushane umlando wayo, ukudlondlobala nokuwa.

Ngemva kokuwa Imperial eRoma namandla, akekho noyedwa kulaba baholi German isizwe franc Chlodwig, uthi ngokwayo ekupheleni inkosi V leminyaka. Kusukela yaqala ukuba uhlanga lobukhosi, okuyinto uthela igama Merovingian. I VIII. Pepin, imeya lwesigodlo inkosi yokugcina Merovingian wamgudluza e 751, suzerain yakhe. indodana Pepin sika yabe isithatha isihlalo sobukhosi - Carl, kamuva esabizwa ngesizwe Omkhulu. Ukuba isosha wazalelwa futhi onekhono lempi, iNkosi entsha, hhayi kuphela awunika igama lokuthi wonke umkhaya wasebukhosini, kodwa futhi wakwazi ukwandisa imingcele Frankish isimo nezilinganiso zobukhulu engakaze ibonwe. Ngenxa yalokho yemikhankaso yezempi, kwakheka superstate samanje - umbuso kukaCharlemagne.

Wazalwa izintambo ekuqaleni futhi wayeyiNkosi eyiminyaka engu-46 (kusukela 768 kuya 814 eminyakeni). Phakathi nalesi sikhathi wahlanganyela amahlanu nomkhankaso wempi. Ngenxa yalokho, sibonga wayeyisazi kumlawuli, Charles anda endaweni yombuso ngesigamu. Yena ithatha amandla ombuso e-Bavaria nase-Italy. Empumalanga, wanqoba i-Saxons futhi njalo ngesihluku ukuyiveza yokuhlubuka kwabo, futhi wawahlula ngempumelelo abaseTurkey babemsongela nge ukuphahlazeka. Entshonalanga umbuso kukaCharlemagne wayebhekene isitha namandla ngokwengeziwe - the Saracens, ababephakathi bakhe ekunqotshweni, ekuthumbeni yeNhlonhlo Yase-Iberia cishe ngokuphelele. Amasosha umbusi wakwazi ucindezela ngaphesheya koMfula Ebro.

Lapho lisachuma, emhlabeni ngonyaka 800, umbuso uCharlemagne sika ayesuka Ebro silibangise entshonalanga iDanube futhi Elbe empumalanga, nasenyakatho waya eNorth Sea futhi oLwandle iBaltic, futhi eningizimu - iMedithera. Osendaweni Siyakwamukela uPapa amandla yesikhashana phezu "kapapa States," umsunguli lwamakhosi wakwazi ukuthola ukusekelwa abefundisi, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo upapa kubhekwe ezikhonza ngaphansi kwakhe. Ngonyaka 800, ngoKhisimusi, Leo III, uPapa waphathisa umbusi omkhulu we umqhele yasebukhosini, wamemezela ke ngaphambi kokuba izwe libe Christian lonke, "kaNkulunkulu, ebekiwe umqhele, uMbusi Ongcwele WaseRoma."

Empire noKarla Velikogo lisaqhubeka nobudlelwano zokubonisana eByzantium ne-Arabhiya. Ngo ngomzamo ukuvuseleleka amandla zoMbuso WaseRoma kukhanye lasendulo, umbusi eyasungulwa ngo-dolobha yakhe, Aachen, uhlobo isikhungo kwamasiko. Lapho, ngo-isimemo senkosi, weza wasebenza ioann Skott Erigena, Alcuin, uPavel Diakon, Hraban Moor nabanye. Ngu umyalo wombusi ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zezwe base eyasungulwa izikole kufundelwa hhayi izindela kuphela, kodwa futhi abantu wokuziphilisa. Lokhu izimbali esifushane isiko okuvela mlando ngokuthi i- "Carolingian Renaissance".

Nokho, amadodana ka-Charles - Louis, ULothar uCharles the Bald - ayengakwazi ukuvumelana phezu ifa futhi waqala ukuqhuba nabanye ukuxabana ngamunye. Ngo 843, Verdun sasayinwa isivumelwano insimu lalihlukene phakathi, kukhona laba bazalwane ababili ngaphansi kwazo. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi asebukhosini isekhona, umbuso Carolingian isihlakazeka zibe izicucu. isihloko umbusi ziba eziyize. Ngo XI e. embusweni France iqala entsha, Capetian Dynasty (umsunguli Gugo Kapet).