Inkolo Mongolia. zezenkolo. Inani labantu base-Mongolia

Territory, lapho isibhakabhaka okuhlanganisiwe ne-asemaqeleni, lapho wokubusa ehlane mahele amakamela, izinkomo, nemfuyo yezinkomo, itende elimhlophe sabelusi ayimizulane - kuyinto Mongolia, isimo lapho e nenkathi yokudlondlobala kwawo iwine cishe ingxenye yesine wonke. Futhi amabutho ezingenakubalwa uGenghis Khan. Manje kuthiwani ngalezo zikhathi okusikhumbuza izindunduma enkangala igodi ngakho legend of ingcebo olukhulu uKhan Omkhulu.

Mongolia yesimanje

Modern - Mongolia kuyinto republic yeningi ePhalamende eliholwa nguMengameli, elawulwa Hural okukhulu. Inkolo eyinhloko Mongolia - nobuBuddha. Ulimi --Mongolian, nakuba enyakatho ngokuvamile kungenzeka ukuzwa imixhantela Chinese. I-close osekukade izibopho kwezomnotho nakwezombusazwe neSoviet Union wembula ukuthi izakhamizi abaningi kahle izilimi isiRashiya Kazakh. Manje abaningi abahlala kuleli zwe ekwakheni kabusha umnotho wayo, sithembele nemfuyo nezimayini. Lihlala abantu nje abangaphezu kwezigidi ezintathu.

Mongolia nenkolo

Traditional inkolo lasendulo eMongolia - Buddhism, futhi uma ngokuqondile, kuba mkhuba ngokuthi Lamaism. Uvume nengxenye yakhe sebebonke. AmaSulumane, Sunnis, amaKristu, abalandeli nemilingo bakha-10%.

Kuze 1921 Tibetan izinkolelo embozwe cishe 95% labantu-Mongolian. Phakathi kobuKhomanisi zonke izinhlobo izinkolo ashushiswa. Labhujiswa zezindela, exhumanisa Lama izindela eSiberia, zonke izinhlobo zokucindezelwa kwaholela yokuthi namuhla sonke isizukulwane abasha baseMongolia bazibiza neyabantu abangakholwa (35%). Mongolia Modern kubhekene unentshiseko yenkolo futhi ubuyisela izinsalela alahlekile.

Buddhism emhlabeni

Omunye izinkolo ezintathu ezinkulu ekhona namuhla emhlabeni wonke abantu abayizigidi ezingu-360. Lena ubuBuddha, inkolo Mongolia, China, Korea, eJapan, eNdiya, emazweni East naseNyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Asia. Nakuba zifana imfundiso zefilosofi. AmaBuddha ukushumayela ulwazi oluthuthukayo lomhlaba ngokusebenzisa ulwazi yena - indlela leli engqondweni, ubudlelwano phakathi emizweni ngokwengqondo nangokomzimba. Isimilo inkolo kusekelwe singabalimazi, ukuthuthukiswa yokuhlakanipha ngokulinganisela. Ukuxhumana amabutho ephakeme sihamba amaBuddha ngokuzindla. izindawo sezenkolo zihlukaniswe amagatsha amathathu ezinkulu: Hinayana, Mahayana futhi Vajrayāna (samuntu-Mongolian).

Zonke umphakathi wezwe amaBuddha bahlangana izinhlangano ezimbili ezinkulu, esinye sazo - Asian Buddhist lenkomfa Yokuthula - ekomkhulu lawo inhlokodolobha eMongolia, Ulan Bator.

Izici Buddhism-Mongolian

incazelo Tibetan wenkolo yobuBuddha, okuyinto othi labantu Mongolia, liye labizwa ngokuthi "Lamaism." Lokhu isiqondiso kancane esishintshile umise ngokwaso izizwana ayimizulane, okuyinto kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo babekholelwa ukuthi Okuphakade Blue Sky, Mother Earth, nemvelo imimoya umhlaba, umlilo, izilwane ... nomoya uGenghis Khan - the ongumvikeli lonke lelo zwe. Mongolia esungulwe inkolo lapho Buddhism siphazamisekile futhi kalula ukwelekelela Motifs zabo zokufundisa yobuqaba. Ngenxa yalokho lokuguqula futhi lithathelwe kwakukhona legatsha okhethekile Buddhism Tibetan-Mongolian - Lamaism. Umnqopho esemqoka ye Vajrayana is okuhloswe ngazo ukuthuthukisa kwengqondo nomzimba, ukwabiwa kwamandla psychophysical, ukufeza uthi ezijulile emakamu.

Umholi Vajrayana okungokomoya - uDalai Lama, ngokwezwi nezwi elisho ukuthi "ngenhla kungenzeki."

Sezenkolo Mongolia ezikhangayo

izakhiwo sezenkolo, okuyizindawo maphakathi ophilayo Lama izindela - kukhona amadolobhana wonke abantu abangavumelani tiered izakhiwo amathempeli, pagodas, izakhiwo yesikhumbuzo. Izinkomo zizalela kanye zokuzulazula kwabakhileyo emaqeleni-Mongolian lasendulo akanikelanga ekuthuthukiseni yokuhlala ixazululwe. amaphuzu kuphela nge isikhundla unomphela baba zezindela-Mongolian. Njengoba isikhungo zokuxhumana kanye nemikhuba yenkolo, kamuva yaphenduka emadolobheni nasemadolobhaneni izikhungo. Abanye babekhathazeke ezihlukene. Kutholwe ikakhulu emithambekeni yezintaba, Lama izakhiwo zethempeli bheka kakhulu kahle futhi ngesizotha.

Islam Mongolia

Izindawo wokusakaza Islam Khovd futhi Bayan-Ulgii - insimu komlando yokukhokha Kazakhs. Njengoba lesi sizwe ngokwesiko Muslim, Islam kungabuye kubhekwa njengengxenye inkolo ongowokuzalwa amaMongol. Kanye Kazakhs abathi Islam nakho kuvele Turkmenistan - Khoton. Uma Kazakhs-Mongolian abe nezimiso eziqinile ngaphezulu kokholo, e Houghton rites yokhokho njengoba buhlanjululwe amasiko endawo kanye netinkholelo, nakuba banamathela inkolo engcwele okhokho bethu, futhi ungakhohlwa ukuthi - amaSulumane.

Inani elikhulu kunawo wonke amathempeli yiso e ngokugxila sabantu Muslim. Into ebaluleke kunawo futhi iningi lazo itholakala Uglie. Inhloko-dolobha ye Mongolia, Ulan Bator loke nje lidume ngokuthunga mosque lasendulo zomlando Buyisela Meng. Ezifudukayo labantu notshwala ngokwethukela egcwele inhlokodolobha inzalo Muslim; baqamba isikhungo samasiko lapha maduze ukuvula elinye Cathedral Mosque.

ubuKristu Mongolia

imiphakathi yobuKristu e Mongolia uvele ezikhathini zasendulo. Amakholwa abathengisi nezingcweti zemisebenzi yezandla kanye bazinza ezweni elisha, yamisa ethempelini futhi wamema umpristi wawo. Ngesikhathi kubusa LamaKhomanisi wawuvinjelwe iyiphi inkolo, kuhlanganise ubuKristu.

Esikhathini esifanayo imvuselelo izikhungo ongokwenkolo amaKatolika ezimbalwa namasonto obu-Orthodox, abahlala Mongolia sakwazi ukuba imiphakathi yabo futhi ezifundeni, ngokuvakashela amathempeli. Abamele lolu kholo - kungcono ikakhulukazi abantu abasebenza noma ezinye izizathu nje abahlala ezweni.

ISonto Mission imelelwa ezifundeni ezine, ezintathu zazo zitholakala e Ulaanbaatar, omunye - emzini Darkhan. Kukhona amaKatolika kulo Mongolia akuyona kakhulu - abantu abangaba yinkulungwane.

Ubu-Orthodox e Mongolia ukhona. Enhloko-dolobha, kukhona zintathu Church, abazinikele e 2009. nebandla lakhe - yikhulu abasebenzi eduze isiRashiya, Ukraine, Belarusians, Georgians nabantu bezinye izizwe, okuyinto ukholo Orthodox ungowokuzalwa.

Labelaphi-Mongolian

Nemilingo njengoba inkolo Mongolia unendima ebalulekile empilweni bendawo. Lokhu kuthambekela kuthatha imisuka kusukela ekukhulekeleni kwamaqaba, lapho isikhundla onkulunkulu esakhiwe zonke emvelo kanye nezimo zemvelo. Kulesi Labelaphi yesimanje-Mongolian ngalutho nge charlatanism nokungazi. Lawa kube khona abanemimoya real, okuyinto, ngokusebenzisa kweminyaka eminingi umsebenzi engqondweni yakhe nomzimba Usufike ukuphelela eliphakeme. Usungene shí isimo olukhethekile-trance, the shaman uzuza amandla ukuxhumana nemimoya, nesiphiwo sokuphulukisa nokubhula. Inkolo nemilingo kuhloswe ngazo ukuqinisa ubuhlobo obuseduze zomzimba womuntu kusuka wrapper ezingokomoya. nemilingo-Mongolian ihlobene eduze Lamaism futhi namuhla ubuhle okunenzondo ka exoticism wendawo. Eqinisweni, amakhono kanye namasu Labelaphi sina abacwaningi abathakazelayo ensimini of kwengqondo, kanye amathuba womuntu.

Inani Labantu: ukuphila namasiko

The main labantu Mongolia namanje ahole indlela yokuphila ayimizulane. Lena akuyona nje intela kwabase-imikhuba namasiko. Ngokusobala umsebenzi oyinhloko, ukuvumela umuntu aziphilise, kuyinto nemfuyo. Abantu e la maqhugwane nobungane futhi ube usizo wonke umuntu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi sikuyiphi inkolo. Ukwenza kungekho ukubekezelelana okubi futhi - kwazo kukhona izimiso eziyisisekelo Buddhism nemilingo. Kodwa indawo yokukhulekela ngaphandle kokuba nokholo amandla abo ngempumelelo, kodwa umane ngenxa yelukuluku ukuvakashela kwabezizwe is hhayi Kunconywa. BaseMongolia kakhulu sensitive imimoya yawo.