Assumption Cathedral ngoZiqu-zintathu-uSergiyu Lavra: isithombe kanye nencazelo

Assumption Cathedral ngoZiqu-zintathu-uSergiyu Lavra yasungulwa by Tsar Ivana Groznogo, ngayingcwelisa iminyaka kuphela emva 26. Cathedral ibandla elikhulu kunawo wonke e-Isigodlo, kanti ethandwa kakhulu phakathi izivakashi. Ehlobo uzibophezele inkonzo yomphakathi, kukhona ukusebenza zomculo by ekwayeni we Lavra.

Zintathu Lavra St. uSergiyu

Orthodox Isigodlo sikaZiqu-zintathu Ongcwele, eyasungulwa uVenerable. USergiyu ka Radonezh ekhulwini le-14. Sekungamakhulu eminyaka amaningana, kubhekwa isikhungo ngobukhulu ezingokomoya zamukelwa kabanzi ezinkolweni kanye ohlonishwayo kakhulu shrine Russian.

Ngekhulu le-17 leminyaka Isigodlo samelana izinyanga-eside Ukuvinjezelwa Polish-Lithuanian ibutho (15 eziyinkulungwane. Amasosha). I abavikeli we wezindela inani 3 ayizinkulungwane. Man bamelana lokuvimbezela, hhayi kuphela ngenxa isibindi sakhe, kodwa futhi ukubonakala ngokuyisimangaliso Sergiya Radonezhskogo.

Kusukela 1744 yesigodlo lethiwe badumise Lavra, bazungeza kancane kancane waqala ukwakha ezinye zezindela kanye hermitages, axhunyiwe ngokomoya nalo. Ngo 1814, emva umlilo eMoscow Theological Academy wathutha lapha, inyuvesi endala eRussia.

Kusukela ngo-1920 kuya ku-1945, Laurel savalwa, futhi insimu yalo behlaliswe okwesikhashana Umlando Art Museum yokuhlala ke ngo-1946 waqala imvuselelo yayo.

History of the isakhiwo

Assumption Cathedral-zintathu Lavra St. uSergiyu ibizwa ngokuthi ithempeli lesikhumbuzo ngenxa yokuthi yayo ukwakhiwa wawubona enqobayo ukuwa Kazan Khanate. Ukwakhiwa kwethempeli kwenziwa iminyaka engu-26 kwaphela ngo-1585. Yokwahlukaniselwa abakwaMetropolitan noDiyonisiyu, iNkosi samanje Fyodor Ivanovich nomkakhe.

Cathedral ngokubabazekayo itholakala maphakathi sezindela. Yakhiwa isitayela WaseByzantium ku model of the Cathedral eMoscow ezibiyele (Arch. A. Fioravanti-Italy), kodwa izindonga esakhiwe ngezitini (ukushuba 2.25 m). Abakhi ekwakhiweni esontweni ukuvusela amasiko Russian futhi wenza 6 pylons nge unxande cross-section. Assumption Cathedral zintathu Lavra St. uSergiyu is amaHubo bugcizelelwa 5 domes, central - igolide, anikezelwe uMsindisi, kanti ezinye ezine - blue ne izinkanyezi - elalinikezelwe Virgin Mary.

Arkaturno-columnar zone, okuyinto ejwayelekile izakhiwo imizi Golden Ring iye yasetshenziswa ukwakhiwa lombhishobhi. Ngaphambili, nasentshonalanga bathutheleka esontweni elikhulu ingezwe i kompheme evulekile, bese kuthiwa lathathelwa indawo ekhulwini le-18. Umpheme ukuthi edwetshwe imiyalelo Metropolitan Platon.

I ingaphakathi lethempeli

Assumption Cathedral-zintathu Lavra St. uSergiyu, futhi ikakhulukazi isikhala yayo ingaphakathi kusimangaze lingakanani omkhulu futhi ukukhanya okukhulu okuzayo efasiteleni. Huge pylons (3x3 m) ukwesekwa cross vaults nge emihlanu itolitji.

Naves nodonga mbumbulu maphakathi aphakeme ukuba lonke ububanzi. Ahambisana Naleli iconostasis abahlabeleli elise nge igalari 3-tiered.

Eminyakeni ecishe ibe ngu-100 wama unpainted Assumption Cathedral ngoZiqu-zintathu-uSergiyu Lavra. Unyaka 1684 lwaluwushintsho emlandweni waso, kanye nemali-Archbishop uMose Ryazan waqasha lezigebengu 25 abadwebi ekuqaleni master D. Plekhanov. Kolunye ehlobo zibe izindonga, izinsika kanye egumbini nemidwebo themes waseBhayibhelini, okuyinto kuze kube manje azizange njengoba yayinjalo. Moisey Ryazansky ukuthi ngikweluleke wangcwatshwa izindonga Cathedral of kweNyuka eduze namanye abakhulu.

Imidwebo izindonga - elikhanyayo Airy Umfanekiso e ehlaza komkayi, ebubende mpungana amathoni. On the izindonga yasenyakatho naseningizimu imigqa emine kuboniswe kwamaVangeli (UnguNina KaNkulunkulu, Councils WamaSonto), nangasentshonalanga - yesehlakalo lokwaHlulelwa Kugcine nge eziningi izibalo nemininingwane.

imidwebo Monumental ngezithombe Nezikhulu (Alexander saseNevsky, lo Vladimir Kiev, Prince Dmitry, njll), Abafel 'ukholo kanye nabangcwele ubude egcwele zitholakala kuwo wonke izinsika eziyisithupha ukuthi ukuphasa le vaults. mural sezenkolo khona emithambekeni iwindi futhi vaults. Kusukela phakathi ethempelini ubukeka bethenjiswa inzalo enkulu futhi onesizotha.

The elingaphakathi lombhishobhi kusinde futhi uziphonsa Iqhwa 17 e., Made zethusi eMoscow amakhosi Armoury njengesipho esigodlweni sezindela umndeni Jani.

2 has a main altare yezinto:

• Omkhulu Martyr Feodora Stratilata, nomvikeli Tsar Fedor Ivanovich;
• unkosikazi Borisa Godunova - Martyr Irene.

Kamuva pridel- Saint Nikolaya Chudotvortsa - ke esakhiwa ekhulwini le-17. ngesikhathi evikela wezindela kusukela ayehlasela amasosha Polish-Lithuanian.

Amathempelana Assumption Cathedral

Ohlangothini lwaseningizimu lombhishobhi egumbini phezu plinth Yithuna Sergiya Radonezhskogo, lapho wangcwatshwa (1392), bese eminyakeni engu-30 kamuva lapho izinsalela zakhe Kwatholakala. Ekhulwini le-16 ngomyalo Ivan le Kubi esiliva shrine emi namuhla Holy Trinity Cathedral senziwa. Eminyakeni lapho amandla alala ethuneni, ama-pilgrim eza Cathedral, qiniseka ukuba bakhulekele naye futhi wazama ukuluma off ucezu ke abaziphethe. Kwaphela iminyaka eminingana, omunye izindonga waqala ukugoqwa futhi kwadingeka liqiniswa metal ukudla, kanye ukungena ebhokisini lokungcwaba a sarcophagus ingilazi.

Assumption Cathedral-zintathu Lavra St. uSergiyu kuyinto endaweni yokungcwaba izinhloko crowned abaholi Orthodox abavelele. Ngaphakathi lombhishobhi olufakiwe itshe lethuna seNdlovukazi Maria Vladimirovna futhi inkosazana Evdokia nababhishobhi abakhulu (uMose Ryazan, eMoscow Augustine, okunguyena owakhulisa umoya wamasosha 1812) kanye Metropolitan Macarius eMoscow (owabhala incwadi ngemibono yenkolo).

Izivakashi eziningi beze namuhla sinombono bakhulekele izinsalela St Innocent umbhishobhi wobu-Orthodox eKamchatka naseMelika, iyona ongumvikeli zonke kulabo sitadishe izilimi zakwamanye amazwe, futhi-St Maksima Greka.

Phakathi nezinyanga zasehlobo ethempelini amasevisi waphezulu futhi zaso.

Godunov yokungcwabela umndeni wakhe

Ukuze kwesokunxele umnyango Cathedral of the Dormition-zintathu Lavra St. uSergiyu kuyinto ethuneni Godunov. Yakhiwa ngekhulu le-18 ngendlela nezitebele zamahhashi itshe (kusayithi we Refectory wangaphambili + yompheme), ngqo eseduze odongeni lombhishobhi. Ngaphakathi ke zitholakala ethuneni Borisa Godunova nomkakhe uMaria nendodana Fyodor (bona babulawa oda inkosi mbumbulu uDemetriyu, izidumbu zabo zalethwa lapha ngo-1606) futhi indodakazi-ubuhle Ksenia (indela washona ngo 1622).

Nakuvulwa amathuna ngo-1940, bathola izinto zabo walondoloza kahle kakhulu: kasilika ihembe Fedor, inkosazana izicathulo (manje izinto ichonywe Museum), kodwa ngendlela okungcwatshwa uqobo Kwatholakala ukuba ezibhuqiwe, okungukuthi To The Skulls zaziphonswa...

lombhishobhi Crypt

I Crypt we Dormition Cathedral-zintathu Lavra St. uSergiyu itholakala ngaphansi lombhishobhi uqobo, futhi umnyango ke - ohlangothini lwaseningizimu. Yakhiwa ngekhulu le-19. ukwenze ngenjongo yokungilungiselela ukungcwatshwa Metropolitan uSergiyu futhi Leonti, kodwa ke kwakukhona ngayingcwelisa altare okushisela altare. Kakade ekhulwini lama-20. nazi Izindlwana ezimbili ezakhiwe maphakathi - ethuneni Lezinzalamizi 2 - u-Alexis I (1970) kanye Pimen (1990). Ngaphakathi Crypt amafasitela yesonto embukisweni izingubo siqu okungokwakho, izithombe.

I Crypt okungukuthi livulekele izivakashi khulula ukufinyelela yayo izimisele imithandazo, kukhona ukusatshalaliswa lokuzehlukanisela uwoyela.

iconostasis

Eyokuqala iconostasis lombhishobhi labhujiswa, manje yayo endaweni lapho baba enye.

Iconostasis Assumption Cathedral zintathu-St siqukethe 5 zamatshe nezinsimbi izithombe noma igolide ngentambo eziphothiwe nemivini siqukethe izithonjana zohlelo 76, ikakhulukazi ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-17.

I iconostasis lemigqa ezinhlanu imiqhele Ukubethelwa ne Virgin Mary futhi Umphostoli uJohane Isazi senkolo, ohlakeni emaphethini ezibaziweyo ubhekilanga, rose namagilebhisi. Awokuqopha ukhona isimo iconostasis, amakholomu ze-altare ngezingalo ngendlela esenza amagatsha omvini, futhi friezes - imibala eziyinqaba. Zonke eqoshwe okubonisa "ipharadesi izingadi". Cross phezulu isithombe amakherubi futhi egcotshwa zonke bobukhosi umqhele.

imifanekiso abaningi zenziwa iqhaza abadumile isithonjana umdwebi Simon Ushakov, yezindawo ezidumile - "The ukuthiwa iSidlo Sokugcina" (1685), okuyinto manje Museum of sezindela.

Zonke izithonjana eqoshiwe izakhi okuhlobisa leminyaka elidlule babe ponovleny izikhathi eziningana, okuyinto siqinisekiswe yimiphumela yokuhlolwa restorers (zonke izithombe babe 3-4 izingqimba). isikhathi imifanekiso Kugcine ivuselelwe in the 1986-1988 biennium. ngenxa isimo sawo saba bucayi. Khona-ke kwatholakala isithonjana yasekuqaleni kwekhulu le-16, "Assumption Blessed Virgin Mary" ezavela emva ukususwa ezimbili zamatshe imifanekiso kamuva edwetshwe phezulu.

imifanekiso KaMose

Ngaphakathi lombhishobhi ezimbili izithonjana kweNyuka Cathedral-zintathu Lavra St. uSergiyu, eyenziwe KaMose:

• Okokuqala-Yakova Stefana, ngubani kuze 1931 kwaba ngo LikaKristu UMsindisi Cathedral.
• Our Lady of Kazan (ngokusho version, ke kwalethwa esuka ethempelini LikaKristu UMsindisi, ngakolunye - kusukela yesonto eduze Kazansky sesitimela e Moscow).

Kazan uNina kaNkulunkulu analo bonke abantu Russian kubaluleke ngokukhethekile. Isiphetho Cathedral, futhi wadlala indima futhi wasiza ukumelana ukuvinjezelwa Isigodlo kwezinhloko zamaviyo Polish-Lithuanian ekhulwini le-17. Liberation eMoscow ngo-August 1612 futhi kwenzeka ngesibusiso sakhe. Lolu phawu, eyethulwa ngabe-Cossacks, kwenziwe ekuqaleni kwazo amabutho, Prince Pozharsky.

sokubuyiselwa lombhishobhi

Ingozi nciphisa kungenzeka kwezindonga esontweni uvele Maphakathi nekhulu le-19. Pisarevsky ngemva ekuvalweni ichibi ngenxa obangelwe enhlabathini, lapho udonga lwawa ukuya imifantu. Kodwa umsebenzi ekulondolozeni lombhishobhi waqala kuphela ekhulwini lama-20.

Omunye nokubuyiselwa kuqala eminyakeni kwamandla lamaSoviet laqala ngo-1940, wadonsa kwaze kwaba ngo-1967, kwenziwa ezishaywayo. Eqoshiwe kwa ebhuqwini glue, ekhishwa base ukulungisa, kabana dampness, abuyiselwe amafasitela. Phakathi izingcweti abuyiselwe Assumption Cathedral ngoZiqu-zintathu-uSergiyu Lavra - umakhi V I. Baldin (wayedabuka 1938 (usengumfundi) kanye 1997.). Ukubuyiselwa izikhumbuzo-zintathu Lavra St. uSergiyu baba ukuphila kwakhe.

Cathedral of kweNyuka - 21 leminyaka

By 700 iminyaka engu-yesi Abbot of Russian ezweni emikhulu sokubuyiselwa imisebenzi (2012-2016) Kwakuseshwa, kuhlanganise yokuhlanza kanye nokubuyiselwa izithonjana we iconostasis zezinhlamvu ezibaziweyo ukuthi avunyelwe ukuba avuselele zonke ubukhazikhazi kweNyuka Cathedral ngoZiqu-zintathu-uSergiyu Lavra. Izithombe athunyelwe ngenhla, kuqinisekisa lokhu ngokucacile.