Imikhandlu Wawo Wonke AmaSonto, kanye nencazelo yabo

Sekungamakhulu amaningi eminyaka, kusukela kwasungulwa ukholo lobuKristu, abantu bezama uthathe ekwambulweni kweNkosi zonke ebumsulweni nasebunyeni, futhi lzheposledovateli uhlanekezelwe kokuqagela kwakhe kobuntu. Ngenxa yokholo lwabo, nixoxe ngezinkinga yohlu lwezincwadi zeBhayibheli futhi bagomele ebandleni lamaKristu okuqala amenywa Imikhandlu yamasonto. Bona united sababekholelwa ukholo lobuKristu kusukela wonke amagumbi yamaGreki namaRoma Empire, abelusi nabafundisi bezizwe ngowezizwe. Inkathi IV ukuze VIII womlando wesonto ekhulwini ngokuthi inkathi ekuqiniseni ukholo lweqiniso, eminyakeni Councils WamaSonto ziye zaba nomthelela lokhu onke amandla ayo.

Mayelana nomlando

Okokuqala WamaSonto Council abaluleke kakhulu kumaKristu usaphila, futhi nokubaluleka kwazo kwembulwe ngendlela ekhethekile. Zonke-Orthodox namaKatolika Kufanele wazi futhi uqonde ukuthi ukholelwa, sasinjani ibandla lamaKristu okuqala. Emlandweni ungabona amanga wezenkolo yesimanje namahlelo, abathi uma imfundiso efanayo uqhosha.

Kusukela iziqalo esonto lobuKristu imfundiso yenkolo ezikhona unomphela futhi encane, esekelwe izimfundiso eziyisisekelo kokholo - njengoba lemfundiso kaZiqu-uKristu unguNkulunkulu, uZiqu-zintathu, oNgcwele uMoya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, eminye imithetho ziye zasungula yangaphakathi isakhiwo isonto, isikhathi kanye yokugcwalisa amasevisi. Okokuqala WamaSonto Council elakhelwe ukugcina izivumo zokholo ngefomu kweqiniso.

I nomhlangano wokuqala ongcwele

The First WamaSonto Council owawusedolobheni NGONYAKA ka-325. Phakathi kwalabo ababekhona emhlanganweni yoBaba Elingcwele ayenganembile edume kunazo Spiridon Trimifuntsky, kusho u-Archbishop Mirlikiyskiy Nikolay, uMbhishobhi Nisibis, Afanasiy Veliky, nabanye.

Ngesikhathi umkhandlu ke walahlwa ngecala futhi anathematized imfundiso kaZiqu-Arius, ophike ukuthi uKristu unguNkulunkulu. Bakhandwa evunywe iqiniso ezingeguquleke mayelana umuntu iNdodana kaNkulunkulu, uYise uNkulunkulu kanye nokulingana okushiwo laphezulu. mlando Isonto bathi le ncazelo Umkhandlu nomqondo kokukholwa kwathiwa ngemva kokuvivinywa eside futhi izifundo ukuthi akazange abe nemibono, futhi isishiya le bifurcation kwemicabango amaKristu qobo lwawo. UMoya kaNkulunkulu kwaholela ababhishobhi ukuvumelana. Ngemva kokuphothulwa eMkhandlwini WaseNicaea, le Arius imbuka wafa okungazelelwe ezinzima futhi, kodwa imfundiso yakhe zamanga uyaphila namanje phakathi abashumayeli amahlelo.

Zonke izinqumo ezithathwayo Imikhandlu Wawo Wonke AmaSonto, awazange kusungulwe abahlanganyeli, kodwa obaba isonto zavunyelwa ngokuzibandakanya okukhulu ngokuthokoza kukaMoya oNgcwele, futhi kuphela ngesisekelo salokho yena zemiBhalo. Kubo bonke abakholwayo isineminyaka imfundiso yeqiniso okuletha ubuKristu, iphawulwe ngokusobala futhi ngamafuphi e amalungu okuqala eziyisikhombisa Creed. Leli fomu namanje owandile.

Eyesibili nomhlangano ongcwele

The Second WamaSonto Council wawuba ngasekuqaleni 381 eConstantinople. Isizathu esiyinhloko kwaba ukuthuthukiswa wezimfundiso zamanga yombhishobhi Macedonia nabalandeli bakhe Ariane Doukhobors. izitatimende zezihlubuki ubalwe njengenye indodana kaNkulunkulu akuyona consubstantial noBaba. UMoya oNgcwele izihlubuki eyabizwa ngokuthi amandla umsebenzi weNkosi, ofana nowezingelosi.

On lombhishobhi wesibili imfundiso zobuKristu beqiniso kuvikelwa Kirill Ierusalimsky, Grigoriy Nissky, George we Isazi senkolo, ehlanganisa phakathi ababhishobhi 150 samanje. I nobaba ongcwele waqinisekisa lemfundiso kaZiqu-consubstantiality nokulingana kuNkulunkulu uBaba, iNdodana noMoya oNgcwele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izikhulu zesonto evunyiwe saseNicene Creed, okuyinto kuze kube yilolu suku liyisiqondiso esontweni.

nomhlangano ongcwele Okwesithathu

Okwesithathu WamaSonto Council ukuthi ahlangana Efesu ngo-431, ibuthe ababhishobhi kungathi izingalo ezingamakhulu amabili. Obaba wanquma ukuqaphela inyunyana ezimbili kuKristu, abantu futhi saphezulu. Kwanqunywa ukuba ashumayele uKristu njengomuntu ophelele futhi uNkulunkulu ophelele futhi iNcasakazi uMariya - UnguNina KaNkulunkulu.

nomhlangano ongcwele Okwesine

Okwesine WamaSonto Council, owawuseHholo Chalcedon ukuthi ibizwe ngokuqondile ukuqeda yonke Monophysite impikiswano, yona eyaqala ukwenza i esabalala isonto. Lomhlangano oNgcwele, ehlanganisa ababhishobhi 650, amchaze kuphela imfundiso yesonto kweqiniso futhi wasenqaba zonke izimfundiso zamanga ekhona. Obaba wawuthi Kristu iNkosi - unguNkulunkulu weqiniso, ezingeguquleke Nkulunkulu futhi kuyiqiniso indoda. Ngokusho unkulunkulu wabo ukuthi phakade kabusha kusukela uyise isintu, waqiniseka phendla ukukhanya of the Virgin Mary, azungeze unjengomuntu ongenasono. Ngo i samuntu lwesintu futhi nobunkulunkulu united emzimbeni kaKristu njalo, nolimi kanye indivisible.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi Monophysite baqede waletha isonto eziningi okubi. imfundiso yamanga awuzange iqedwe kuze kube sekupheleni isahlulelo conciliar, futhi isikhathi eside ithuthukiswe impikiswano phakathi abalandeli imbuka Eutyches futhi Nestorius. Isizathu esiyinhloko izingxabano babe imisebenzi abalandeli ezintathu zeSonto - Fedora Mopsuetskogo, Ibas ka Edessa, Theodoret kaKoresi. Lezi ababhishobhi alahlwa uMbusi uJustinian, kodwa ukuze zakhe akuzange obonwa jikelele Church. Ngakho-ke impikiswano ku ezahlukweni ezintathu.

Owesihlanu nomhlangano ongcwele

Ukuze ukuxazulula udaba uphikise owawuse uMkhandlu yesihlanu waseConstantinople. Ababhishobhi imibhalo babeyalisiswa uyakulahlwa. Ukugqamisa abalandeli ukukhukhuleka okholweni lweqiniso kwavela nomqondo amaKristu Orthodox futhi iSonto LamaKatolika. Umkhandlu yesihlanu ayikwazanga nemiphumela ayeyilindele. Monophysites kwakheka umphakathi, okuyinto ahlukaniswe ngokuphelele iSonto LamaKatolika futhi waqhubeka ugqozi baqede ukukhiqiza impikiswano phakathi kobuKristu.

nomhlangano ongcwele Sixth

Umlando Councils WamaSonto uthi impi yokulwa izihlubuki amaKristu Orthodox yathatha isikhathi eside ngokwanele. EConstantinople ukuthi ibizwe Cathedral lesithupha (Trullo), okuyinto ekugcineni kwaba ukuze uthole iqiniso okuyilonalona. Emhlanganweni, lapho kwakunabantu abangu-ababhishobhi 170 ke walahlwa ngecala futhi benqaba le mfundiso Monothelites futhi Monophysites. KuJesu Kristu, wavuma ezimbili - saphezulu kanye nabantu, ngakho-ke ethanda ezimbili - waphezulu futhi womuntu. Ngemva monofelianstvo lombhishobhi elalinamandla lawa, futhi mayelana nanamashumi amahlanu eminyaka esonto lobuKristu wahlala kuqhathaniswa buthule. New ezingacacile ukugeleza eyavela kamuva kwi baqede iconoclastic.

nomhlangano ongcwele Seventh

Kugcine 7 WamaSonto Council labetibambile e WaseNicaea e 787 AD. Kwaba khona abangu-ababhishobhi 367. Abadala Saints senqaba futhi walahla Iconoclast lokuhlubuka futhi wanquma ukuthi imifanekiso akufanele Ukukhulekela okuyinto efanele uNkulunkulu kuphela, futhi hlonipho nokukhulekela pochitatelnoe. Labo kholwa ababekhulekela imifanekiso njengoNkulunkulu ngokwakhe, wacoshwa esontfweni. Ngemva 7 WamaSonto Council owawuse, neminyaka iconoclasm abangaphezu kuka-25 zikhathazeke isonto.

Inani umhlangano ongcwele

Imikhandlu WamaSonto Seven eqhulwini ekuthuthukisweni kwe-Izinkolelo eziyisisekelo emfundisweni yobuKristu, ngokusekelwe kulokho bonke ukholo yesimanje.

• Eyokuqala - ivume uKristu unguNkulunkulu, ekulinganeni kwakhe kuNkulunkulu uYise.
• Okwesibili - ukugxekile lokhu baqede saseMakedoniya, enqaba isimo saphezulu ngekusitwa nguMoya Longcwele.
• Okwesithathu - ukuqeda baqede ka Nestorius, washumayela abantu eqhekeza godman.
• Okwesine - aqeda sokugcina imfundiso yamanga Monophysitism.
• Okwesihlanu - waphothula kokunqotshwa baqede nokuvuma uJesu ukwamukele ezimbili - womuntu futhi saphezulu.
• Okwesithupha - walahla Monothelites futhi wanquma ukubonisa ethanda Kristu ezimbili.
• Seventh - wagumbuqela Iconoclast uyimbuka.

Iminyaka Engu WamaSonto Imikhandlu bavunyelwe ukuletha ngokuqiniseka futhi ukuphelela emfundisweni yobuKristu Orthodox.

Lesishiyagalombili WamaSonto Council

Esanda kutholakala, inzalamizi Konstantinopolskiy Varfolomey ukuthi silungiselela epanini-Orthodox lesishiyagalombili WamaSonto Council. Umfundisi omkhulu wesonto Ucele zonke izinhlaka abaholi kokholo Orthodox uhlanganele Istanbul ukunquma usuku lokugcina lomcimbi. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi 8 emkhandlwini wenkolo yobukristu kufanele kube yithuba kuyabuqinisa ubunye bamadoda emhlabeni Orthodox. Nokho, ukubiza yayo ophoqelelwe yokuhlukanisa zokholo lobuKristu.

Kulindeleke ukuthi i-Pan-Orthodox lesishiyagalombili WamaSonto Council uzobe egqoke ashisekela izinguquko kunokuba ukuyilahla uhlamvu. Imikhandlu odlule Seven Uchaze futhi wachaza naletintfo yokukholwa zonke ebumsulweni balo. Ngokuphathelene umhlangano omusha ongcwele, imicabango yabantu ahlukana. Abanye abameleli beSonto Lobu-Orthodox bakholelwa ukuthi inzalamizi ukhohlwe ayigcinanga ngokuchaza ukuthi ukubiza imithetho, kodwa futhi iziprofetho eziningi. Zisitshela ngalokho 8 ongcwele WamaSonto Council kuyoba zezihlubuki.

Ethi Fathers of the Imikhandlu WamaSonto

Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia lugujwa Meyi 31, ngosuku inkumbulo nobaba ongcwele, owachitha Imikhandlu eziyisikhombisa WamaSonto. Lokho ababhishobhi iqhaza emhlanganweni, lombhishobhi waba uphawu lokuhlala umqondo ibandla uqobo. umbono komuntu oyedwa ayizange ibe eliphakeme ezindabeni bagomele, zomthetho obuseduze ukholo. Ethi Fathers of the Imikhandlu WamaSonto badunyiswa kuze kube manje, abanye babo baziwa ngokuthi osanta.

imithetho ukholo lweqiniso

OFata Engcwele ziye washiya canons, noma, ngamanye amazwi, imithetho Councils Wawo Wonke AmaSonto, okumele ilandelwe yibo bonke nayiziphathimandla zesonto nangesigaba sesigqila ngokwabo emasontweni abo futhi ukuphila siqu.

Imithetho eyisisekelo saint lokuqala lomhlangano:

• Abefundisi akuzona nabantu ngokwabo emasculated.
• I degree of elingcwelisa ayinakuvezwa iguqula amakholwa.
• Umpristi asikwazi ukuba endlini owesifazane ongeyena isihlobo bakhe abaseduze.
• Bishops kumele akhethwe ababhishobhi evunywe Metropolitan.
• Umbhishobhi alamukeli ekuhlanganyeleni kubantu abathile esontweni omunye umbhishobhi. Rule imiyalo ukuba abize izimali ababhishobhi 'kabili ngonyaka.
• Kuqinisekisiwe yigunya eliphakeme kunawo wonke amanye nezikhulu ezinezikhundla eziphezulu ngakolunye. It kungavunyelwe ukuphakela umbhishobhi ngaphandle kwemvume yomhlangano jikelele kanye Metropolitan.
• EJerusalema umbhishobhi ngokwezinga efana Metropolitan.
• Kwelinye idolobha kungase kungabi ababhishobhi ezimbili.
• umuntu Vicious kungase ulaliswe inkonzo yobupristi.
• Fallen ziqhuma kusukela isikhundla esingcwele.
• Enquma ukuthi ukuphenduka backslid.
• Njalo ukufa kufanele ifundise izimfihlakalo ezingcwele.
• Ababhishobhi futhi abefundisi ayikwazi ezinqumela ukuhambisa kusuka isichotho nesichotho.
• Abefundisi abakwazi ukuzibandakanya eyeqile.
• Akuvunyelwe ukuba umuntu aguqe ezinsukwini lwePhentekoste futhi ngeSonto.

Imithetho eyisisekelo umhlangano saint yesibili:

• Wonke baqede kumele owabeka kwakuzondeka.
• Ababhishobhi akufanele kukhulisa emandla ayo angaphezu indawo yayo.
• canons isinqumo Postanavlivayutsya izihlubuki eziphendukayo.
• Zonke amashaji ku ababusi isonto kufanele uphenyo.
• Isonto uthola abathi uNkulunkulu oyedwa.

I oyisisekelo lomhlangano wesithathu saint: kwayo ingxenye yohlu lwezincwadi main unqabela uqambe imfundiso entsha.

Imithetho eyisisekelo umhlangano wesine saint:

• Amakholwa kufanele bagcine konke Kwavunyelwana ukuba emikhandlwini odlule.
• Vakaza degree isonto imali bajeziswe kanzima.
• Bishops, abefundisi nezindela akufanele bahlanganyele ezindabeni zezwe ngenxa impango.
• Izindela akufanele kuholele imvume esingahlelekile.
• Izindela nabefundisi ngeke bangene inkonzo yezempi noma isikhundla zezwe.
• Abefundisi akufanele amangalele esiphila kwesihlalo sokwahlulela.
• Bishops kumele kungabi ezindabeni zesonto koSanta abenza iziphathimandla lokho okumelwe zikwenze.
• Singers and abafundi akufanele ashade nabafazi heterodox.
• Izindela nezintombi akufanele ashade.
• Esikhathini zezindela akufanele ufune ikhaya zezwe.

Linani selilonkhe lebantfu labange Imikhandlu eziyisikhombisa WamaSonto alethwe iqoqo imithetho seziyatholakala Soke thina makholwa, a izincwadi ekhethekile ngokomoya.

esikhundleni isiphetho

Imikhandlu WamaSonto bakwazi ukuqhubeka ubumsulwa ukholo lobuKristu beqiniso lilonke. Abefundisi ephakeme namanje kuholela umhlambi wakhe maqondana noMbuso kaNkulunkulu, pravomysliyu nokuqonda canons nezimfundiso kokholo.