Ijma - kuyinto yibobonke mayelana ukutolika zoMthetho Qur'an and Sunnah

Ososayensi, izazi zemfundiso yenkolo kungakhathaliseki ukuthi inkolo, wahlanganyela ukuchazwa imithombo, xoxa ngale noma ukuthi imfundiso engenakuphikiswa, achazele nje abafayo amalungiselelo adingekayo ekufundeni izincwadi. Ngo Islam, ukuze ugweme ubumbaxambili nekuhumusha Qur'an and Sunnah, ijma esetshenziswa. Ijma - kuyinto mujtahids yibobonke kwesinye isizukulwane mayelana imithetho Sharia.

Umcabango

Mayelana ijma kunengqondo ukukhuluma, lapho bonke omunye emphakathini, ososayensi baye bafinyelela esivumelwaneni. Uma okungenani eyodwa mujtahid umelana, le ijma 'njengoba enjalo engekho.

Ijma - kulesi sivumelwano ososayensi, izazi zemfundiso yenkolo abathi Islam. Imibono abafayo abavamile kulesi sibalo ingathathwa. Noma ukuthini imiphumela ingxoxo ngobunyoninco omunye emphakathini.

Njengoba ijma - isiphetho, kungaba kubhekwe njengobufakazi bokuthi, kodwa hhayi iqiniso eliphelele, okuyinto efundisa Allah umprofethi wakhe Muhammad. Ngu ijma ayisebenzi ukufinyelela esivumelwaneni ngakolunye, hhayi sharia umthetho. Quran Sunnah, ijma '- imithombo eyinhloko ye-Shariah. K esetshenziswa zemfundiso yenkolo futhi uyalandisa kiyas ukutolika, okuzoxoxwa ngezansi.

injongo ijma

The main ncwadi amaSulumane - ngobunyoninco kanye Sunna. Imithombo kuboniswe ngokuningiliziwe indlela abe yokwethembeka, lokho akwazi ukukwenza lingamaSulumane, yini okufanele uyenze ezimweni ezithile. Nokho, u-Allah futhi Prophet wakhe uMohammed anikeze iseluleko jikelele (nakuba eziningi banakekelwa elicacisiwe Sunnah), kodwa ekuphileni imininingwane eyanele, ngakho-ke, kudinga incazelo eningiliziwe. Ukuze wenze lokhu, futhi kukhona ijma.

izinhlobo

Izazi zemfundiso yenkolo ukuhlukanisa izinhlobo ezimbili ijma: lokugcina ecatshangelwayo. Esimweni sokuqala lisho isimo ngawo wonke umuntu uyavuma, ngaphandle kokukhetha, amaSulumane (umthandazo oyisibopho kahlanu, ukuvinjelwa ukuphinga , nokunye. D.). Uma umuntu alivumelani lezi zimpikiswano-ke ukholo lwakhe njengoba donsile.

Umbono ngazwilinye akufanele kube ngokuphambene naletintfo we Sharia. Ijma ', kuphambene Qur'an, alithembeki, akukholisi efakazelwe ukhansele noma isacuketse umehluko.

izimo

Isiphetho olujwayelekile mayelana namazinga obuhlukahlukene kufanele kuqinisekiswe. Ubufakazi esekelwe izitatimende ososayensi adumile noma imithombo ngokuqukethwe okuhlobene.

Nge ukwamukelwa of ijma kungavunyelwe konke ukungaboni ngaso linye langaphambilini ku inkinga. It bavunyelwe ukwesulwa isikhundla eyedlule ezamukelwe ngu mujtahids. Khona-ke kukhona umbono omusha.

Ayiswe abahlakaniphileyo isinqumo umphakathi Waqala ukusebenza, akudingekile ukuba ulinde ngasekupheleni kwekhulu. Kufinyelela ekuvumelaneni lososayensi kwenza izidingo ukusebenza kuphoqelekile amaSulumane kusukela imithetho sacala kusebenta. Ijma - uyinto ohlupha wonke ethembekile, kungakhathaliseki isimo.

Phakathi izazi kungekho ukuvumelana mayelana nokuthenga cabanga ijma ukuthula. Othile ecabanga ukuthi ukuntuleka emkhuza, izitatimende ezingehli kahle eziphathelene - kuba uhlobo sivumelwano-ke kungabonakala njengoba ijma. Okunye mujtahids ukholelwa ukuthi ukungabi khona tinkhomba kuphela ubufakazi ngokunemba isikhulumi. Kanti abanye abazi ulihlanganisa ukuthula ukubaluleka neyesine bathi ijma 'unalo ilungelo lokuthatha khona, uma isizukulwane ososayensi kwesokunxele kuleli zwe ngaphambi kwanoma ubani kusuka emphakathini zo kwadingeka ukuba aphikisane.

degrees

Njengoba nokukodwa kuza ngezindlela ezahlukene, degree of ijma phakathi okulandelayo:

• ngamazwi: a umbono ngalolu daba silitjengisa inkulumo, wasebenzisa igama elithi "bavunyelwe", "kudingeka 'noma" kungavunyelwe ";
• buthule: amalunga omphakathi abuhlangananga futhi musa khumbulani ukuthi, njengoba kuphawulwe ngenhla, izazi ezithile zemfundiso awacatshangwa ijma;
• izuzwe Kuvunyiwe emva zizincishe injabulo;
• zokuhlola ezasungulwa ngaphandle imibono ehlukahlukene ngemva injabulo.

Izazi zemfundiso yenkolo musa lokubeka izindinganiso okumelwe zigcinwe, okumane ngingekho Qur'an and Sunnah. Mujtahids ahumushe kuphela imithombo eyinhloko ye-Sharia ngokuya imibono nemikhuba yenkolo imithetho zomthetho. Ngo Islam, imiqondo lawa kucishe, njengoba kubhekwe ukuthi sphere zomthetho (kanye nezinye izici zokuphila amaSulumane) ilawulwa Allah uMphrofethi.

Ijma futhi qiyas

Ngaphansi Kiyasov waqonda ukucabanga by Isifaniso. Uma umthombo oyinhloko kungekho iziluleko ethize ngezenzo ezithile, imithetho ilungiselelwe ngesisekelo amanye amalungiselelo.

Qiyas siqukethe izingxenye ezine:

• Izinga isifaniso;
• Ngokuvamile, phezu okuyinto Isifaniso olufakiwe;
• amazinga endaweni yokuqala neyesibili basakaza;
• ubunye ngokuhambisana nezinhlinzeko Shari'ah.

Ngokwesibonelo, iKoran liyakwenqabela ukuphuza iwayini, kodwa uthi lutho mayelana ubhiya. Kodwa ubhiya iqukethe utshwala. Ngenxa Kiyasov mthetho kudlulela isiphuzo foamy. Izinga kokuqala ubhekwa isifaniso ngaphandle iwayini - ubhiya ukusetshenziswa, kuncike ezinhlinzekweni zoMthetho - ukwenqatshelwa, futhi ubunye amalungiselelo - ematfuba lokudakwa.

Quran ijma ', Sunnah, qiyas - ngesisekelo ukuphila Muslim. IKoran umthetho-inhlangano, njengoba iqukethe ngqo kusho u-Allah. Sunnah is zonke ivela Prophet, inkulumo yabo elilingana amazwi Allah. Futhi, igama elithi "Sunnah" sihunyushwa njengenhlangano ukuhambisana akuphelele nge Shariah.