Drift zofuzo: izakhiwo eyisisekelo inqubo

ingxenye DNA lapho itholakala isakhi Locus ezithile ibizwa ngokuthi. Kungaqukatha izinguqulo enye ukwaziswa kwezakhi zofuzo - alleles. Kunoma labantu, kukhona inani elikhulu izakhiwo idatha. Ngakho isabelo a allele esithile ufuzo sabantu jikelele ithwala igama amaza zofuzo.

Ukuze kuguquka ezithile kwaholela ushintsho yokuziphendukela kwemvelo kwezinto eziphilayo, imvamisa yayo kufanele kube sezingeni eliphezulu, kanti allele asabekayo kumele ilungiswe wonke amalungu aso esizukulwaneni ngasinye. Nge imali kancane izinguquko zalo mutational abakwazi ukuthonya umlando yokuziphendukela kwemvelo eziphilayo.

Ukuze allele imvamisa bakhula, kufanele athathe isinyathelo izici ezithile - drift zofuzo, ukufuduka kwabantu nokungabi ukuzihlela nokuzivumelanisa kwemvelo.

drift zofuzo - lena okungahleliwe allele ukukhula ngaphansi kwethonya kweziwuchungechunge ukuhlanganisa futhi babe uhlamvu stochastic. Le nqubo ixhunyaniswe khona neqiniso lokuthi akuyona behileleka bonke abantu emphakathini yokuzala. Kuyinto isici iningi izimpawu noma izifo ezingajwayelekile, kodwa ngenxa yokuntuleka Ukukhetha zingagcinwa in umndeni noma yibo bonke abantu usayizi encane isikhathi eside. Le ndlela ibizwa ngokuvamile kubonakala labantu elincane, isibalo engesiyo abantu abangaphezu kuka-1,000, ngoba kulokhu kufuduka elincane kakhulu.

Ukuze uqonde kangcono drift zofuzo, kufanele bazazi mithetho. Ezimweni lapho imvamisa allele kuyinto 0, e lempumelelo izizukulwane akashintshi. Uma sifinyelela 1, thina-ke bathi isakhi sofuzo sabantu iqinile. Okungahleliwe drift zofuzo is phetho inqubo kokungathembeki nge ukulahlekelwa ngesikhathi esisodwa omunye allele. Ngokuvamile, lokhu iphethini usukela lapho kuguquka nokuthuthela kwamanye amazwe akakubangeli izinguquko unomphela izingxenye loci.

Njengoba imvamisa isakhi sofuzo has a Lwezinhlelo ze-non-ohlangothini, kunciphisa ukwehluka kwezinto eziphilayo, futhi kwandisa umehluko phakathi imiphakathi yendawo. Kuyinto ephawulekayo ukuthi lo mshumayeli uphikisa ukufuduka, lapho amaqembu ahlukene eziphilayo ukwabelana alleles yabo. Kumelwe futhi bathi drift zofuzo has cishe akunamthelela imvamisa zezakhi zofuzo lomuntu imiphakathi emikhulu yabantu, kodwa ngamaqembu amancane, kungaba juqu isici kwemvelo. Isibalo alleles siyashintsha kakhulu. Ezinye izakhi zofuzo ezinenkinga kungenzeka irretrievably elahlekile, okuyinto kuyawuphofisa kakhulu ezakhi ezinhlobonhlobo.

Njengoba isibonelo, izifo mass, ngemva kwalokho abantu kwakusekungazini eyenziwa cishe yokutakula ngenxa abameleli eziningana zalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yonke inzalo babe ezifanayo ukhokho zofuzo. Ngemva kwalokho ukunwetshwa allelic ukwehluka waqinisekisa abakhiqizi ukungeniswa noma Ukubophezeleka lisuka ekhuthaza umehluko ekukhuleni ezakhini zofuzo.

ukubonakaliswa Eyeqisayo drift zofuzo ungabiza ukubukeka labantu ngokuphelele entsha kwakhiwa okuyinto kusukela abantu abambalwa kuphela - okubizwa ngokuthi umsunguli umphumela.

Kufanele wathi ukuba imifanekiso yokusezulwini ufuzo ukuhlelwa kabusha ukutadisha-biotechnology. Ubuchwepheshe bokushintsha izakhi zofuzo - inqubo kwale sayensi, okuyinto ikuvumela ukuba uthumele ukwaziswa kwezakhi zofuzo. Lapho kudlulisela isakhi sofuzo ivumela ukubhekana umgoqo zilwane futhi udlulisele oyifunayo izakhiwo eziphilayo.