Zhan Bodriyyar: Biography, izingcaphuno. Baudrillard njengoba photographer

Asiqale ngala mazwi aphawulekayo: "Uma abantu bathini - kuthatha isikhathi. Lapho isikhathi uthi - abantu ashiye ". Mayelana umsunguli waleli quote incazelo yawo ahlanganiswe ukwamukela izindinganiso ezintsha. Lapho eshiya Zhan Bodriyyar, sasiwumsebenzi ukuthi unezinto eziningi kangaka ukuthi zizizwa kanjani ngaleso sikhathi kanye nomphakathi ayephila kuso, ubuntu bakhe, futhi lokusungula atholwe value ezingaphelelwa isikhathi.

Wayeyindoda ukufuna izindlela ezintsha kukho konke esikwenzayo - e kolimi, kwabantu, ifilosofi, izincwadi ngisho ubuciko izithombe.

umzukulu a umlinyana

Wazalwa enyakatho yeFrance, ngo-dolobha waseReims, Julayi 27, 1929. Okhokho balezi nomkhaya wakhe wasebenza njalo phezu kwezwe, kodwa abazali abasebenzi. Ukuze kwakhiwe isikole eyanele yokuqala noma yesibili - njengoba Baudrillard bakholwa umndeni. Jean wakwazi ukubhalisa eSorbonne, lapho afundela khona zamaJalimane. Wathi ngemva kwalokho ukuthi waba ngowokuqala umndeni abathola eyunivesithi, futhi lokhu kwaba isizathu ikhefu nabazali kanye imvelo, lapho achitha khona iminyaka yobuntwana. Solid, indoda esiyisigqigqi esiyindilinga ubuso umlimi owayethanda ungabhemi ngesandla iphuma, waya lombhalo encane lezihlakaniphi enethonya French.

Zhan Bodriyyar, ogama biography kwase kuyisikhathi eside ezihlobene ne-ekufundiseni ulimi German nezincwadi, kusukela 1956 usebenza esikoleni esiphakeme. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ibambisane edishini eziningi "elivulekile ngomqondo" iphiko, ukushicilela nabo Tindzaba tetemibhalo futhi esibucayi. Kulezi zihloko, kanye izinguqulo kaPetru Weiss futhi Bertolda Brehta ezime emihle, kuyindida, isitayela nakuba zokubukwa ayevelele ngisho emibhalweni eyinkimbinkimbi kunazo yesayensi Baudrillard.

womfundisi kwabantu

Ngo-1966 wamela mqondo lakhe kwabantu e-University of Nanterre-La Defense. Esewonke ku esemaphethelweni eParis ku 60s sekwephuzile - Kugcwele imibono "leftist", cauldron abilayo kuyiphi ezichithekile umfundi isiyaluyalu 1968. Radical imibono "leftist" ihehe kancane imvelo esizimele Baudrillard, nakuba wayekhumbula ukuthi oke wabamba iqhaza imibhikisho impi, kwakukhula kuze kube isiteleka se - ezenzakalweni cishe kwaketula uhulumeni ka de Gaulle. Mhlawumbe kwakunjalo ngalesosikhathi ukuthi wazalwa omunye amazwi edume kakhulu Baudrillard: "loudest zidinga ukuthula ..."

In Paris X-Nanterre University, futhi kusukela ngo-1986, eParis-Dauphine IX - emibili nantathu ababengamadoda Sorbonne, Jean Baudrillard isikhundla ka womfundisi abaphezulu (umsizi Uprofesa), bese kuthi Uprofesa wesayensi yokuhlalisana kwabantu. Lapho esebenza khona, ososayensi abaningi abavelele: Anri Lefevr, Rolan Bart, Per Burde. Ngemva kokukhishwa kukamagazini i yemisebenzi yokuqala enkulu Baudrillard baqala ukuthola udumo okukhulu phakathi abasunguli wefilosofi yesimanje.

Marxists

Zhan Bodriyyar umxhwele Marxism, ngisho elihunyushwe abanye imisebenzi abasunguli wobukhomanisi yezesayensi - Marx no Engels. Kodwa leli thonya kwakungandile uhlamvu ayindida, okuyinto ukuvela ekutadisheni kwabo namanye amafilosofi. Ukuze siqonde imibono kufanele abe isicelo sabo sokuba ukuhlaziywa okwamanje, futhi yaphela yonke imizamo yokuguqula ukugxekwa ephelele noma abukhali. Njengoba kushiwo omunye aphorisms bakhe - "imicabango okusha zifana uthando: abazigqokayo phandle."

"System izinto" (1968) kanye "Umthengi Society" (1970) - imisebenzi lapho Zhan Bodriyyar esetshenziswa ukuze kuhlolwe izinkinga zanamuhla kwabantu ekudingayo theory lamaKhomanisi.

"Umphakathi abami" wasenganekwaneni, okuyinto kubhekwa injongo romance inguquko kwezezimboni, isibe impucuko, lapho umgomo oyinhloko - ukuzivumelanisa nezindinganiso ezamukelwayo, esiyingxenye ukukhangiswa izimpahla namasevisi. I enhle ukusethwa ke - ukusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo. buka kaMarx le ubudlelwane zokukhiqiza, njengoba umbandela esiyinhloko ahlola umphakathi ezweni lanamuhla ezibonakaliso izimpawu, usuphelelwe yisikhathi.

Neonigilist

ukugxeka isimo samanje zomphakathi kancane kancane abe evelele Baudrillard izincwadi zalo. Umsebenzi "Emthunzini iningi buthule, noma ekupheleni social '(1983) iqukethe isitatimende ukuthi enkathini yesimanje umugqa okungafanele ekonakaleni futhi nciphisa. Ikilasi isakhiwo esidala emphakathini sinyamalale, ukudala zintula phakathi uquqaba ngabanye abantu, nabo ngokulahlekelwa mumo.

umphakathi Human iba eqanjiwe. Zhan Bodriyyar, ogama izingcaphuno bahlukile ukunemba nokuthola imiva, siyabhala: "Lesi izakhamuzi okwaxoxwa kaningi ukuthi balahlekelwe yimuphi umbono." Uyaphika uquqaba ikhono ukumelelwa zezombusazwe ezakhayo. Zonke imibono - zenkolo, ukwaziswa kwezombangazwe noma yefilosofi - non-ukuphila, ngoba bancishwa ngokucacile ngu generalizing emthethweni akusho ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwawo ukutholakala iqoqo ngomumo eyenziwe amalebula ezingamalungu endowed.

postmodernist

izakhiwo Polemic imibhalo abagxeka Baudrillard savusa yokusabela okunokufutheka umbhikisho kusuka abanye, kwathi ayehamba nabo banikezwe isizathu ukumemezela umpristi eliphezulu postmodernism, nazo uphikisa. Naphezu lokuhlushwa eliphezulu ukwenqaba izinqubo eziqhubekayo kwezenhlalo, okuyinto imbues umsebenzi wakhe Baudrillard, ifilosofi postmodern kubonakala amnike ukudabuka, ngisho ekuhlehleni.

Ingqikithi yalo postmodern, esakhiwa ngo isizukulwane koHlelo olusha yokufakelwa by play engapheli ngemifanekiso kanye imiqondo ezivela ezindaweni ezahlukene, akubonakali enenqubekela phambili futhi zokudala. Kodwa bandla ezifana "abanolwazi olunzulu ngezinto postmodernism" lifaka kuye kwaba nzima kakhulu. Too sobala kwaba virtuosity ngawo waveza amazwi imibono yakhe, kwaba khona umdlalo izithombe kanye nezincazelo mesmerizing kakhulu imibhalo yakhe, njengoba indida kanye black amahlaya of Baudrillard zacishe meme ezithile.

Ideologist we "Matrix"

Omunye eyeza nezazi zezinkanyezi ezikhuluma kakhulu owaziwa Baudrillard bagxila encwadini "Simulacra futhi Awokuzenzisa" (1981). Ihlala e welithi "hyperreality," ukuthi siphila ezweni lapho imizwa eyenziwe futhi nakho esikhundleni into yangempela. Wabaphathi lokhu hyperreality, "izitini", zazo liqukethe kukhona simulacra. incazelo yabo ikhuluma into noma umbono, okusho ukuthi - sekulingisa. Abalingisa konke: kulomhlaba futhi imizwelo. Asazi lutho mayelana emhlabeni wangempela, konke wazama nge yomunye umbono, ebuka lens yomunye.

Ukuhlobana lo mbono kumfundi Russian iqinile e Pelevin «Generation P", kodwa ukuze umhlaba wonke - ku "Matrix" trilogy lwezinhlangano ezingathandwa ezibhekwa Wachowski abazalwane (1999). Xhumanisa Baudrillard e ifilimu ebonisa ngokuqondile - ngesimo incwadi "Simulacra futhi Awokuzenzisa", lapho umlingisi losemcoka - hacker Neo - ezenziwe yokucashela izinto ezingekho emthethweni ie incwadi isiphenduke sekulingisa yencwadi ...

Zhan Bodriyyar ngokungathandi wakhuluma mayelana nokuhileleka wakhe kule trilogy, osho ukuthi imibono yakhe kuwo akuzona kucacile futhi uhlanekezelwe.

isihambi

Ngo-1970, ososayensi abaningi luhamba emhlabeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho ziye eNtshonalanga Yurophu okwesikhashana, wahamba waya Japan naseLatin America. Umphumela wokuhambela wakhe e-United States incwadi "Melika" (1986). Lokhu Tindzaba zefilosofi kwezobuciko - hhayi liyisiqondiso izivakashi, hhayi irekhodi izivakashi. Le ncwadi inikeza ezicacile ukuma ukuhlaziya "inguqulo yasekuqaleni yesimanjemanje", uma iqhathaniswa nayo eYurophu usuphelelwe ngemuva angakwazi ukushintsha, ukudala hyperreality nakancane futhi ome njengeqanda.

Wabamba iso lami okubangela lokhu hyperreality - superficiality zesiko American, yena, Nokho, alikulahli, kodwa nje uthi. Baudrillard agumenti ethakazelisayo Imiphumela iMpi Yomshoshaphansi. Lapho-United States uwine ngokoqobo yaleli zwe luyakhohlisa nakakhulu.

Uhambo lokuya nokubuya Japan owawuqondene Baudrillard kuyiqiniso ephawulekayo ukuthi wafika lapho waba umnikazi iyunithi yesimanje, bese-ke ukuthatheka isithombe art kufinyelela ileveli entsha.

umthwebuli wezithombe

Njengoba yena akazange azibheke njengongcono sefilosofi awushayelana ngokwami photographer, futhi ukuthandwa ayekuthole njengoba enjalo, kwakungekho isifiso sakhe. Kuyacaca ukuthi Baudrillard njengoba photographer wahlala njengenhlangano sazi ezimele futhi original, isazi sefilosofi noma umbhali. Indlela yakhe yokubheka izinto uhlukile. Wathi lowo mgomo - ukufeza umnqopho e reflection bento kanye nendawo yazo, lapho imvelo ngokwayo sizobonisa ukuthi ufuna ukwenza ebonakalayo.

izithombe yakhe ishicilelwe kwi-albhamu eziningana, indlela Baudrillard sika ngokudutshulwa bebelokhu ekhulunywe sina phakathi ochwepheshe. embukisweni yakhe posthumous ka "amasu Bahambe" kusuka izithombe ku-50 zaqhubeka isithakazelo esikhulu emazweni amaningi.

Wayeyisazi aphorism

Bambalwa abantu wayeyazi kahle indlela yokuveza umbono ngendlela yokuthi ukujula yayo nobukhali waphikelela futhi emva ukudluliswa. Ezinye aphorisms - ukuqhubeka nezingxoxo phezu izindikimba yesayensi nefilosofi, kuyilapho abanye - abe kokufaneleka luyingxenye tetemibhalo, efana ngobuhle i isiqubulo yokukhangisa:

• "Amanzi Dry - Baphehl Amanzi."
• "Injabulo yamanzi umuzwa ezindebeni zakhe ephakeme kunaleyo ukuba singagwinyi ke."
• "Izibalo - ifomu efanayo isifiso-ekugcwalisekeni, kanye namaphupho."
• "Enginakho nemiphumela ethile engathandeki kuphela ezimbili: inkumbulo abampofu ... futhi enye into ..."
• "Ukukhanya njalo akhale eqinile, futhi kuphela eziqine Sinike indlela yonke."
• "Into ezidabukisayo e intelligence yokufakelwa, awunazo namaqhinga ngakhoke lwezobunhloli."
• "UNkulunkulu ukhona, kodwa angikholelwa ukuthi kufanele kuye."
• "Ngizizwa sengathi sengifana ubufakazi isikhathi esingakanani."

'Ukufa lutho "- la mazwi futhi wayevame ukuthi Zhan Bodriyyar. Biography kubonakala kafushane izinsuku ezimbili (07/27/1929 - 06/03/2007), ndawonye, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ivolumu isikhala umsebenzi bokusungula, okwenza kube lula ukukholelwa iqiniso kwalesi sitatimende.