Ukukhetha Natural ngokuvumelana Darwin

Ukukhetha Natural - main ukushayela yiwona owabangela kwemvelo sazo zonke izinto eziphilayo. Ukuba khona kwalesi isici wathola abacwaningi eziningana British: Blythe, Mathewu Wallace, uWells, Darwin. Nokho, kuphela wokugcina, kuveze ukubaluleka lesi simanga, wadala imfundiso yokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Ngokusho ukugomela kaDarwin, kusinda eziphilayo ezinamandla, ngenxa ngesisekelo kokuhlukana zofuzo Akuqinisekwa sizukulwane futhi kukhona inqubo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo.

Ukukhetha Natural kulondolozwe evumayo ukwehlukana kwabantu ngabanye futhi izinguquko ngemuva ukubulala elimazayo. Ngakho, ngokuvumelana umbono kaDarwin, amandla main ukushayela yokuziphendukela kwemvelo kunomthelela ngcono nenhlalakahle ngamunye organic izimo ukhona.

Njengoba isici ingqondo, ukuzihlela nokuzivumelanisa kwemvelo abanalo izici ezithile. Khona-ke abakhululiwe eziyinhloko: eguquguqukayo Inkhombandlela, ithola bese zokuhlanganisa imiphumela, probabilistic.

Imvelo probabilistic izinhlangothi ezimbili kunqunywa inqubo Ukukhetha: i randomness futhi stochasticity.

umqondo quantitative (randomness) isetshenziselwa izici isakhiwo esingagcina yakhiwa sebuningini izingxenye ngamunye zizimele kusukela kwenye. Ngokuya izilwane zasendle e uhlelo zibala sabantu. It yakhiwa ukungalingani phezu ukuqina we ngabanye.

Nombono wokuthi "stochastic" isetshenziselwa ukuchaza izenzakalo usebenzisa okungenzeka theory.

Ukukhetha Natural Luhilela kokubili ukusinda nokukhiqizwa ngabanye. Ngamanye amazwi, lo muntu ubizwa kabanzi ingashintshwa ukuze basinde nasekuvezeni izithombo zaso ezintsha, it has a ikhono elikhulu ukuhamba inzalo. Kulokhu, ubunjalo probabilistic kuzibonakalisa ukuthambekela ukuhlukanisa amalungu uzivumelanisa nezimo ngaphezulu iqembu, kodwa akusho lokho ngempela ngabanye, ingashintshwa bangcono kunabanye.

Ukukhetha Natural libhekene ukuqongelela senzo. Siqukethe ku kwalokho kancane kancane izinguquko ezincane ewusizo zofuzo. Lokhu kuholela ngcono izimpawu noma ukuvela amadivayisi amasha.

Ososayensi bebelokhu bezama ukumisa Ukwahlukaniswa ukushayela izici kwemvelo. Nokho, kuze kube manje isistimu kusakhiwa. Lokhu kungenxa kakhulu ngenxa yokuthi kwemvelo kanye ezakheke kunzima ngempela ukuhlanganisa e isakhiwo ecacile. Lokhu, kungenxa ukungakwazi ukucacisa Ukwahlukaniswa induku eyodwa.

Isixazululo enengqondo kakhulu yokuthola le nkinga, ngokososayensi, kokubili ukuze nikwazi ukwahlukanisa izici zendlela ithonya kanye nesimo ukukhethwa.

Ngakho, kunezinhlobo ezimbili eyinhloko causative isici kwemvelo eliletha ukuthula nokushayela.

Ukukhetha Dynamic uba amandla okudala. indlela sayo sisekelwe kulondolozwe ngeziphambeko nenzuzo evela isilinganiso kwezinkambiso wamukela okuyinto ingashintshwa ukuze izimo ezintsha kwemvelo, ngenxa amazinga ekushayweni abameleli zokugcina.

Ukukhetha Dynamic kuhlobene ne isimame. Kulokhu, le miqondo emibili kuyizinto ezimbili ubuso inqubo efanayo.

Kucinisa isici kuhilela ekulondolozweni izindinganiso e izimo ezithile at ukuqedwa ngeziphambeko.

Yiqiniso, ukuzihlela nokuzivumelanisa kwemvelo yiyona ebaluleke kakhulu, Nokho, akuwona kuphela isici kwemvelo. Izinguquko echibini isakhi sofuzo kwenani futhi ukwethula ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo. Nokho, ziyisici ezingavamile kakhulu, futhi ngenxa yalokho musa khulu kwemvelo.

Kuyadingeka ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwemvelo kanye zokuzala. Lesi senzakalo amabili nomunye angeke umadanise. Izinhloso Eyokuqala "vybrakovyvanii" ongakhetha okungekuhle simo esishubile, kanye ukuthonya ubunjalo inqubo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo.