Cytology - lokhu ingenye amagatsha ethembisayo bolwazi lwabantu

Cytology - isayensi ukutadisha cell ukuxhumana kanye cell isakhiwo esingagcina yena, kuyisici esibaluleke kwanoma iyiphi eziphilayo. Igama elithi sivela imiqondo yamaGreki asendulo of "kitos" futhi "logo", incazelo, ngokulandelana, iseli nokufundisa.

Ngemvelaphi nokuthuthuka ekuseni yesayensi

Cytology - ingenye lonke Umthala of Sciences, okuyinto baphotha ucime enkathini yesimanje wezinto eziphilayo. I kwandulela ivela khona kwaba kokusungulwa microscope ekhulwini XVII. Kwakuthinta ukubukela ukuphila ngokusebenzisa design bakudala esinjalo, eyiNgisi Robert Guk wokuqala wathola ukuthi amaseli aqukethe zonke izinto eziphilayo. Ngakho, wabeka ukuthi Cytology izifundo namuhla. Ngemva kweminyaka eyishumi, enye usosayensi - Antoni Levenguk - bathola ukuthi amangqamuzana abe wabadonsa indlela owakheke ngayo nosebenza amaphethini. Ukuyiphi kokutholakala ukhona nuclei. Nokho, okwesikhathi eside ukumelwa nesikhathi esitokisini futhi ukusebenza kwawo thiya abampofu izinga nangezibonakhulu yesikhathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho izinyathelo ezibalulekile ezathathwa phakathi kwekhulu XIX. Ke kwabakho ubuchwepheshe ngcono kakhulu, ngaleyo ndlela kwakhele imiqondo emisha, futhi okuyinto ukweleta ukuthuthukiswa yayo okusheshayo Cytology. Lokhu, ngaphezu kwakho konke, ekutholakaleni protoplasm futhi ukuvela cell theory.

Ukuvela cell theory

Kususelwa anqwabelene ngesikhathi ulwazi enokwehla, izazi zezinto eziphilayo M. Schleiden noT Schwann cishe kanyekanye ahlinzekwa emhlabeni yesayensi umqondo wokuthi wonke izilwane nezitshalo amaseli zifana nomunye, nokuthi iseli ngalinye ezifana ngokwayo zonke izici nemisebenzi a eziphilayo . kuvisisa ezinjalo eziphilayo eziyinkimbinkimbi emhlabeni uye waba nomthelela endleleni lapho eminye lidlule Cytology. Lokhu kusebenza futhi ukuthuthukiswa wayo.

Ukutholakala protoplasm

Ngakusasa intuthuko ebalulekile endaweni wathi ubuchwepheshe kwaba ukutholakala kanye incazelo izakhiwo protoplasm. Kuyinto into okuwugcwalisile eziphilayo yeselula, futhi iyithuluzi cell emizimbeni. Kamuva ososayensi ulwazi ngale ndaba wazivelela. Namuhla ibizwa ngokuthi i-cytoplasm.

ukuqhubeka nokuthola yofuzo

Engxenyeni ye XIX amaseli leyehlukene ukuthi eziqukethwe kwatholakala yesibili le kuyi-nucleus yengqamuzana. Bakhandwa ama-chromosome. Ukutadisha kwabo kuye kwavula esintwini imithetho phambili zofuzo. Iqhaza elibaluleke kakhulu kule ndawo kwaphawulwa ekupheleni XIX leminyaka Austrian Gregor Mendel.

Inkulumo Echaza Isimo Sezwe art

Ukuze yesimanje Cytology wezesayensi - lokhu ingenye amagatsha ebaluleke kakhulu ulwazi begazi. ke okunjalo ukwenze ekuthuthukiseni indlela yezesayensi namakhono obuchwepheshe. Izindlela Cytology yesimanje kabanzi lisetshenziswe ucwaningo ziwusizo kubantu, isibonelo, ekuhloleni umdlavuza, ezikhulayo izitho yokufakelwa, kanye zizalela, izakhi zofuzo, zizalela izinhlobo ezintsha zezinto eziphilayo zezilwane nezitshalo nokunye.